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Unfinished Tales
''Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth'' is a collection of stories and essays by J. R. R. Tolkien that were never completed during his lifetime, but were edited by his son Christopher Tolkien and published in 1980. Many of the tales within are retold in ''The Silmarillion'', albeit in modified forms; the work also contains a summary of the events of ''The Lord of the Rings'' told from a less personal perspective. The collection received a cautious welcome from scholars and critics. They noted Christopher Tolkien's warning that a good knowledge of the background was needed to gain much from the stories. Others noted that the stories were among the best of Tolkien's writing; Warren Dunn expressed a wish for the whole of the history in such a format. The book, with its commentary, was commercially successful, indicating a market for more of Tolkien's work and leading to the 12-volume ''The History of Middle-earth''. On "The Quest of Erebor" in Part Three, Christine Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolkien's Artwork
Tolkien's artwork was a key element of his creativity from the time when he began to write fiction. A professional philologist, J. R. R. Tolkien prepared Non-narrative elements in The Lord of the Rings, a wide variety of materials to support his fiction, including illustrations for his Middle-earth fantasy books, facsimile artefacts, Tolkien's maps, more or less "picturesque" maps, calligraphy, and sketches and paintings from life. Some of his artworks combined several of these elements. In his lifetime, some of his artworks were included in his novels ''The Hobbit'' and ''The Lord of the Rings''; others were used on the covers of different editions of these books. Posthumously, collections of his artworks have been published, and academics have begun to evaluate him as an artist as well as an author. Early work: sketches Early in his life, Tolkien, taught by his mother, made many sketches and paintings from life. He drew with skill and depicted landscapes, buildings, tree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Meanings Of Unfinished Tales
3 (three) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 2 and preceding 4, and is the smallest odd prime number and the only prime preceding a square number. It has religious and cultural significance in many societies. Evolution of the Arabic digit The use of three lines to denote the number 3 occurred in many writing systems, including some (like Roman and Chinese numerals) that are still in use. That was also the original representation of 3 in the Brahmic (Indian) numerical notation, its earliest forms aligned vertically. However, during the Gupta Empire the sign was modified by the addition of a curve on each line. The Nāgarī script rotated the lines clockwise, so they appeared horizontally, and ended each line with a short downward stroke on the right. In cursive script, the three strokes were eventually connected to form a glyph resembling a with an additional stroke at the bottom: ३. The Indian digits spread to the Caliphate in the 9th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morgoth
Morgoth Bauglir (; originally Melkor ) is a character, one of the godlike Vala (Middle-earth), Valar and the primary antagonist of Tolkien's legendarium, the mythic epic published in parts as ''The Silmarillion'', ''The Children of Húrin'', ''Beren and Lúthien'', and ''The Fall of Gondolin''. The character is also briefly mentioned in ''The Lord of the Rings''. Melkor is the most powerful of the Valar but he turns to darkness and is renamed Morgoth, the primary antagonist of Arda (Middle-earth), Arda. All evil in the world of Middle-earth ultimately stems from him. One of the Maia (Middle-earth), Maiar of Aulë betrays his kind and becomes Morgoth's principal lieutenant and successor, Sauron. Melkor has been interpreted as analogous to Satan, once the greatest of all God's angels, Lucifer, but fallen through Seven deadly sins#Pride, pride; he rebels against his creator. Morgoth has likewise been likened to John Milton's fallen angel in ''Paradise Lost'', again a Satan-figur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Túrin Turambar
Túrin Turambar (pronounced ) is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's Tolkien's legendarium, legendarium. ''Turambar and the Foalókë'', begun in 1917, is the first appearance of Túrin in the legendarium. Túrin is a Man (Middle-earth), Man of the First Age of Middle-earth, whose family had been cursed by the Dark Lord Morgoth. While trying vainly to defy the curse, Túrin brings ruin across much of Beleriand, and upon himself and his sister Niënor. His title, "Turambar", means master of fate. Tolkien consciously based the story on the tale of Kullervo in the 19th-century Finnish mythological poem ''Kalevala''. Scholars have noted parallels with other myths including that of Sigmund and Sigurd in the ''Völsunga saga'' of Norse mythology; with the Greek mythology, Greek myth of Oedipus; and in terms of structure and style, with Arthurian legend. Excerpts have been published in prose in ''The Silmarillion'', ''Unfinished Tales'', ''The Book of Lost Tales'' Part II, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Húrin
Húrin is a fictional character in the Middle-earth legendarium of J. R. R. Tolkien. He is introduced in '' The Silmarillion'' as a hero of Men during the First Age, said to be the greatest warrior of both the Edain (Men of Númenor and their descendants) and all Men in Middle-earth. His actions, however, bring catastrophe and ruin to his family and to the people of Beleriand. Scholars have remarked the power and grimness of the tale. Tom Shippey calls the scene where Húrin is freed after 28 years by the Dark Lord Morgoth the "lyric core" of the tale of the fall of Gondolin. Christopher Garbowski comments that when Húrin cries aloud, revealing the hidden entrance to Gondolin, the effect is quite unlike that of ''The Lord of the Rings''. Helen Lasseter Freeh comments on the version in '' Unfinished Tales'' where Húrin and Morgoth discuss luck and fate in Middle-earth. Shippey remarks that Tolkien often provides double explanations of events throughout his Middle-eart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Palatal Fricative
The voiceless palatal fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is C. It is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative. The symbol '' ç'' is the letter ''c'' with a cedilla (◌̧), as used to spell French and Portuguese words such as ''façade'' and ''ação''. However, the sound represented by the symbol ''ç'' in French and Portuguese orthography is not a voiceless palatal fricative; the cedilla, instead, changes the usual , the voiceless velar plosive, when is employed before or , to , the voiceless alveolar fricative. Palatal fricatives are relatively rare phonemes, and only 5% of the world's languages have as a phoneme. The sound further occurs as an allophone of (e.g. in German or Greek), or, in other languages, of in the vicinity of front vowels. There is also the voiceless post-palatal fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Fall Of Gondolin
''The Fall of Gondolin'' is a 2018 book of fantasy fiction by J. R. R. Tolkien, edited by his son Christopher. The story is one of what Tolkien called the three " Great Tales" from the First Age of Middle-earth; the other two are ''Beren and Lúthien'' and ''The Children of Húrin''. All three stories are briefly summarised in the 1977 book ''The Silmarillion'', and all three have now been published as stand-alone books. A version of the story also appears in ''The Book of Lost Tales''. In the narrative, Gondolin was founded by King Turgon in the First Age. The city was carefully hidden, enduring for centuries before being betrayed and destroyed. Written in 1917, it is one of the first stories of Tolkien's legendarium. Text Origins Tolkien began writing the story that would become ''The Fall of Gondolin'' in 1917 in an army barracks on the back of a sheet of military marching music. It is one of the first stories of his Middle-earth legendarium that he wrote down on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gondolin
In J.R.R. Tolkien's legendarium, Gondolin is a secret city of Elves in the First Age of Middle-earth, and the greatest of their cities in Beleriand. The story of the Fall of Gondolin tells of the arrival there of Tuor, a prince of Men; of the betrayal of the city to the dark Lord Morgoth by the king's nephew, Maeglin; and of its subsequent siege and catastrophic destruction by Morgoth's armies. It also relates the flight of the fugitives to the Havens of Sirion, the wedding of Tuor and the Elf Idril, and the childhood of their son Eärendil. Scholars have noted the presence of tank-like iron fighting machines in Morgoth's army in early versions of the story, written soon after Tolkien returned from the Battle of the Somme. They have likened the story of the Fall of Gondolin to the sack of Troy in ancient Greek literature, or to Virgil's ''Aeneid''; the role of Tuor's wife Idril has similarly been compared to that of Cassandra or Helen of Troy in accounts of the Trojan War. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuor And Idril
Tuor Eladar and Idril Celebrindal are fictional characters from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. They are the parents of Eärendil the Mariner and grandparents of Elrond Half-elven: through their progeny, they become the ancestors of the Númenóreans and of the King of the Reunited Kingdom Aragorn Elessar. Both characters play a pivotal role in ''The Fall of Gondolin'', one of Tolkien's earliest stories; it formed the basis for a section in his later work, ''The Silmarillion'', and was expanded as a standalone publication in 2018. Tuor and Idril's marriage was one of only three between Men and Elves in Tolkien's writings. Scholars have compared Tuor to Odysseus in Greek mythology, and to Aeneas in Roman mythology, while Idril's story has been likened to those of Cassandra and of Helen of Troy. Fictional history Tuor Eladar, also known as Ulmondil ("The Blessed of Ulmo"), is the central character of ''The Fall of Gondolin''. He is a great hero of the Third Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rohan (Middle-earth)
Rohan is a fictional kingdom of Men (Middle-earth), Men in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy setting of Middle-earth. Known for its horsemen, the Rohirrim, Rohan provides its ally Gondor with cavalry. Its territory is mainly grassland. The Rohirrim call their land the Mark or the Riddermark, names recalling that of the historical kingdom of Mercia, the region of Western England where Tolkien lived. Tolkien grounded Rohan in elements inspired by Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Saxon tradition, poetry, and linguistics, specifically in its Mercian dialect, in everything but its use of horses. Tolkien used Old English for the kingdom's language and names, Pseudotranslation in The Lord of the Rings, pretending that this was in translation of Rohirric. Meduseld, the hall of King Théoden, is modelled on Heorot, the great hall in ''Beowulf''. Within the plot of ''The Lord of the Rings'', Rohan plays a critical role in the action—first against the Wizard (Middle-Earth), wizard Saruman in the Battle of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gladden Fields
Isildur () is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth, the elder son of Elendil, descended from Elros, the founder of the island Kingdom of Númenor. He fled with his father when the island was drowned, becoming in his turn King of Arnor and Gondor. He cut the Ring from Sauron's hand, but instead of destroying it, was influenced by its power and claimed it for his own. He was killed by orcs, and the Ring betrayed him by slipping off his finger just before his death. The Ring then became lost in the River Anduin. This set the stage for the Ring to pass to Gollum and then to Bilbo, as told in ''The Hobbit''; that in turn provided the central theme, the quest to destroy the Ring, for ''The Lord of the Rings''. Tolkien began a time-travel story, '' The Lost Road'', in which a father and a son were to reappear time and again in human families throughout history. One of the appearances was to be in Númenor just before its fall, with the father as Elendil and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One Ring
The One Ring, also called the Ruling Ring and Isildur's Bane, is a central plot element in J. R. R. Tolkien's ''The Lord of the Rings'' (1954–55). It first appeared in the earlier story '' The Hobbit'' (1937) as a magic ring that grants the wearer invisibility. Tolkien changed it into a malevolent Ring of Power and re-wrote parts of ''The Hobbit'' to fit in with the expanded narrative. ''The Lord of the Rings'' describes the hobbit Frodo Baggins's quest to destroy the Ring and save Middle-earth. Scholars have compared the story with the ring-based plot of Richard Wagner's opera cycle '' Der Ring des Nibelungen''; Tolkien denied any connection, but at the least, both men drew on the same mythology. Another source is Tolkien's analysis of Nodens, an obscure pagan god with a temple at Lydney Park, where he studied the Latin inscriptions, one containing a curse on the thief of a ring. Tolkien rejected the idea that the story was an allegory, saying that applicability to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
