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Typhlops
''Typhlops'' is a genus of blind snakes in the family Typhlopidae. The genus is endemic to the West Indies. Some species which were formerly placed in the genus ''Typhlops'' have been moved to the genera ''Afrotyphlops, Amerotyphlops, Anilios, Antillotyphlops, Argyrophis, Cubatyphlops, Indotyphlops, Letheobia, Madatyphlops, Malayotyphlops'', and ''Xerotyphlops''. Species ''*) Not including the nominate subspecies.'' ) Type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe .... References External links * Further reading * Hedges SB, Marion AB, Lipp KM, Marin J, Vidal N (2014). "A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata)". ''Caribbean Herpetology'' 49: 1-61. (''Amerotyphlops, Antillotyphlops, Asiatyph ...
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Typhlopidae
The Typhlopidae are a family of blind snakes. They are found mostly in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and all mainland Australia and various islands. The rostral scale overhangs the mouth to form a shovel-like burrowing structure. They live underground in burrows, and since they have no use for vision, their eyes are mostly vestigial. They have light-detecting black eye spots, and teeth occur in the upper jaw. Typhlopids do not have dislocatable lower jaw articulations restricting them to prey smaller than their oral aperture. All species in the family Typhlopidae are fossorial and feed on social fossorial invertebrates such as termites and ants. The tracheal lung is present and chambered in all species. One species, the Brahminy's blind snake, is the only unisexual snake, with the entire population being female and reproducing via parthenogenesis. The tail ends with a horn-like scale. Most of these species are oviparous. Currently, 18 genera are recognized ...
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Letheobia
''Letheobia'' is a genus of blind snakes in the family Typhlopidae. Wallach, Van (2005) "''Letheobia pauwelsi'', a new species of blindsnake from Gabon (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)." ''African Journal of Herpetology'' 54 (1): 85-91. Geographic range The genus ''Letheobia'' is endemic to Africa. Taxonomy In 1869, the genus ''Letheobia'' was established by Edward Drinker Cope based primarily on two specimens of '' Letheobia pallida'' from Zanzibar, but later also including ''Letheobia caeca'' (originally ''Onychocephalus cæcus'' Duméril, 1856) from Gabon. Wilhelm Peters, in 1874 when describing ''Onychocephalus lumbriciformis'' from Zanzibar and in 1878 ''Typhlops unitaeniatus'' from Kenya, considered ''Letheobia'' to be a subgenus. Nonetheless, in 1881, Peters selected ''Letheobia caeca'' Duméril as the type species for the genus. In 1883, Boulenger decided that at best ''Letheobia'' was a subgenus of ''Typhlops'', and placed it as a junior synonym. Later in reconstructing ''R ...
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Madatyphlops
''Madatyphlops'' is a genus of snakes in the family Typhlopidae. ''Madatyphlops'' may represent a surviving clade of the ancestral Typhlopidae, which are thought to have originated on Madagascar during the Cretaceous, before later dispersing to mainland Africa and then worldwide. This makes it, ''Xenotyphlops'', and the Madagascan big-headed turtle the only Malagasy terrestrial vertebrates whose isolation on Madagascar is due to Gondwanan vicariance. Geographic range The 15 species of the genus ''Madatyphlops'' are found mostly on Madagascar, but also occur on the Comoro Islands. A fossil species occurred on Mauritius. Species The following species are recognized as being valid. *'' Madatyphlops albanalis'' *'' Madatyphlops andasibensis'' *'' Madatyphlops arenarius'' *'' Madatyphlops boettgeri'' *'' Madatyphlops cariei'' – extinct *'' Madatyphlops comorensis'' *'' Madatyphlops decorsei'' *'' Madatyphlops domerguei'' *'' Madatyphlops eudelini'' *'' Madatyphlops madaga ...
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Cubatyphlops
''Cubatyphlops'' is a genus of snakes in the family Typhlopidae. Distribution The 12 species of the genus ''Cubatyphlops'' are found mostly on Cuba, but also occur on other Caribbean islands. Species The following species are recognized as being valid.. www.reptile-database.org. *'' Cubatyphlops anchaurus'' *'' Cubatyphlops anousius'' *'' Cubatyphlops arator'' *'' Cubatyphlops biminiensis'' *'' Cubatyphlops caymanensis'' *'' Cubatyphlops contorhinus'' *'' Cubatyphlops epactius'' *'' Cubatyphlops golyathi'' *'' Cubatyphlops notorachius'' *'' Cubatyphlops paradoxus'' *'' Cubatyphlops perimychus'' *'' Cubatyphlops satelles'' ''Nota bene'': A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Cubatyphlops''. References Further reading * Hedges SB, Marion AB, Lipp KM, Marin J, Vidal N (2014). "A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata)". ''Caribbean ...
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Antillotyphlops
''Antillotyphlops'' is a genus of snakes in the family Typhlopidae. Distribution The 12 species of the genus ''Antillotyphlops'' are found on Caribbean islands. Species The following species are recognized as being valid.. www.reptile-database.org. *'' Antillotyphlops annae'' *'' Antillotyphlops catapontus'' *'' Antillotyphlops dominicanus'' *'' Antillotyphlops geotomus'' *'' Antillotyphlops granti'' *'' Antillotyphlops guadeloupensis'' *'' Antillotyphlops hypomethes'' *'' Antillotyphlops monastus'' *'' Antillotyphlops monensis'' *'' Antillotyphlops naugus'' *'' Antillotyphlops platycephalus'' *'' Antillotyphlops richardi'' ''Nota bene'' A binomial authority In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, altho ... in parentheses indicates that the species was originally des ...
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Amerotyphlops
''Amerotyphlops'' is a genus of snakes in the family Typhlopidae. Distribution The 19 species of this genus are found from Mexico through South America.. www.reptile-database.org. Species The following species are recognized as being valid. *'' Amerotyphlops amoipira'' *'' Amerotyphlops arenensis'' *'' Amerotyphlops brongersmianus'' *'' Amerotyphlops caetanoi'' *'' Amerotyphlops costaricensis'' *'' Amerotyphlops illusorium'' *'' Amerotyphlops lehneri'' *'' Amerotyphlops martis'' *'' Amerotyphlops microstomus'' *'' Amerotyphlops minuisquamus'' *'' Amerotyphlops montanum'' *'' Amerotyphlops paucisquamus'' *'' Amerotyphlops reticulatus'' *'' Amerotyphlops stadelmani'' *'' Amerotyphlops tasymicris'' *'' Amerotyphlops tenuis'' *'' Amerotyphlops trinitatus'' *'' Amerotyphlops tycherus'' *'' Amerotyphlops yonenagae'' ''Nota bene ( ; plural: ) is the Latin language, Latin phrase meaning ''note well''. In manuscripts, ''nota bene'' is abbreviated in upper-case a ...
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Scolecophidia
The Scolecophidia, commonly known as blind snakes or thread snakes, are an infraorder of snakes. They range in length from . All are fossorial (adapted for burrowing). Five families and 39 genera are recognized. The Scolecophidia infraorder is most-likely paraphyletic (with the family Anomalepididae recovered with strong support as sister clade to the 'typical snakes'). Taxonomy The infraorder name Scolecophidia derives from the two Ancient Greek words or σκώληκος (, genitive ), meaning "earthworm", and (), meaning "snake". It refers to their shape and fossorial lifestyle. Families Evolution Despite only having fossils as early as the Cretaceous, Scolecophidia itself likely originated in the Middle Jurassic, with Anomalepididae, Leptotyphlopidae, and Typhlopoidea diverging from one another during the Late Jurassic. Within Typhlopoidea, Gerrhopilidae likely diverged from the Xenotyphlopidae-Typhlopidae clade during the Early Cretaceous, and Xenotyphlopidae and ...
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Indotyphlops
''Indotyphlops'' is a genus of snakes of the family Typhlopidae. The genus is endemic to Asia. Species The genus ''Indotyphlops'' contains the following 23 species which are recognized as being valid. *'' Indotyphlops ahsanai'' *'' Indotyphlops albiceps'' – white-headed blind snake *'' Indotyphlops braminus'' – flowerpot snake, Brahminy blindsnake, bootlace snake *'' Indotyphlops exiguus'' – Belgaum worm snake *'' Indotyphlops filiformis'' – file worm snake *'' Indotyphlops fletcheri'' *'' Indotyphlops jerdoni'' – Jerdon's worm snake *'' Indotyphlops laca'' – Laca's worm snake *'' Indotyphlops lankaensis'' – Sri Lanka worm snake *'' Indotyphlops lazelli'' *'' Indotyphlops leucomelas'' – pied worm snake *'' Indotyphlops longissimus'' – long worm snake *'' Indotyphlops loveridgei'' – Loveridge's worm snake *'' Indotyphlops madgemintonae'' *'' Indotyphlops malcolmi'' – Malcolm's worm snake *'' Indotyphlops meszoelyi'' – Darjeeling worm snak ...
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Argyrophis
''Argyrophis'' is a genus of snakes in the family Typhlopidae. Distribution The 12 species of the genus ''Argyrophis'' are found throughout Asia. Species The following species are recognized as being valid. *'' Argyrophis bothriorhynchus'' *'' Argyrophis diardii'' *'' Argyrophis fuscus'' *'' Argyrophis giadinhensis'' *'' Argyrophis hypsobothrius'' *'' Argyrophis klemmeri'' *'' Argyrophis koshunensis'' *'' Argyrophis muelleri'' *'' Argyrophis oatesii'' *'' Argyrophis roxaneae'' *'' Argyrophis siamensis'' *'' Argyrophis trangensis'' ''Nota bene'': A binomial authority In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, altho ... in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Argyrophis''. References Further reading * Gray JE (1845). ' ...
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Anilios
''Anilios'' is a genus of snakes in the family Typhlopidae, first described in 1845 by John Edward Gray. Geographic range Species of the genus ''Anilios'' are found predominantly in Australia, with a few species located in New Guinea. Species The following 48 species are recognized as being valid. *'' Anilios affinis'' *'' Anilios ammodytes'' *'' Anilios aspina'' *'' Anilios australis'' *'' Anilios batillus'' *'' Anilios bicolor'' *'' Anilios bituberculatus'' *'' Anilios broomi'' *'' Anilios centralis'' *'' Anilios chamodracaena'' *'' Anilios diversus'' *'' Anilios endoterus'' *'' Anilios erycinus'' *'' Anilios fossor'' *'' Anilios ganei'' *'' Anilios grypus'' *'' Anilios guentheri'' *'' Anilios hamatus'' *'' Anilios howi'' *'' Anilios insperatus'' *'' Anilios kimberleyensis'' *'' Anilios leptosoma'' *'' Anilios leucoproctus'' *'' Anilios ligatus'' *'' Anilios longissimus'' *'' Anilios margaretae'' *'' Anilios micromma'' *'' Anilios minimus'' *'' Anil ...
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Afrotyphlops
''Afrotyphlops'' is a genus of snakes in the family Typhlopidae. Distribution The 28 species of this genus are found in sub-Saharan Africa. Species The following species are recognized as being valid.. www.reptile-database.org. * Angola blind snake (''Afrotyphlops angolensis'' ) * Angolan giant blind snake (''Afrotyphlops anomalus'' ) * Bibron's blind snake (''Afrotyphlops bibronii'' ) * Blanford's blind snake (''Afrotyphlops blanfordii'' ) * Somali giant blind snake (''Afrotyphlops brevis'' ) * Calabresi's blind snake (''Afrotyphlops calabresii'' ) * Chirio's blind snake (''Afrotyphlops chirioi'' ) * Blotched blind snake (''Afrotyphlops congestus'' ) * Wedge-snouted blind snake (''Afrotyphlops cuneirostris'' ) * Elegant blind snake (''Afrotyphlops elegans'' ) * Fornasini's blind snake (''Afrotyphlops fornasinii'' ) * Gierra's blind snake (''Afrotyphlops gierrai'' ) * Kaimosi blind snake (''Afrotyphlops kaimosae'' ) * Liberian blind snake (''Afrotyphlops liberiensis'' ) * Lined b ...
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Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ...
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