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Tubiflorae
''Tubiflorae'' is a botanical name, meaning “with tubular flowers”. It was used in the Engler system (and derived systems such as the Wettstein system) for: * an order in the ''Sympetalae''. This order included such families as ''Convolvulaceae'', ''Boraginaceae'', '' Scrophulariaceae'', ''Solanaceae'', etc. This order does not correspond closely to any one group in the Cronquist system or in the APG II-system, but the component taxa belong in the '' Lamiales'', '' Scrophulariales'' and '' Solanales'' of the Cronquist system and the euasterids I of the APG II-system. * a subfamily in the family ''Compositae Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger fa ...'' (as opposed to the subfamily '' Liguliflorae''). Note that these days the rules for botanical nomenclature, the '' I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wettstein System
A list of systems of plant taxonomy, system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups, according to Richard Wettstein's ''Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik'' (1901–1924). 3rd edition (1924) Outline Synopsis * Flagellatae p. 65 * Myxophyta p. 69 * Schizophyta ** Schizophyceae ** Schizomycetes * Zygophyta ** Peridinieae ** Bacillarieae *** Centricae *** Pennatae ** Conjugatae * Phaeophytae * Rhodophyta ** Bangieae ** Florideae * Euphallophyta ** Chlorophyceae ** Fungi *** Eumycetes **** Phycomycetes **** Ascomycetes **** Basidiomycetes *** Lichenes **** Ascolichenes **** Basidiolichenes * Cormophyta ** Archegoniatae *** Bryophyte, Bryophyta **** Musci **** Hepaticae *** Pteridophyta **** Psilophytinae **** Lycopodiinae **** Psilotinae **** Equisetinae **** Isoëtinae **** Filicinae **** Cycadofilicinae ** Anthophyta *** Gymnospermae **** Cycadinae **** Bennettitinae **** Cordaitinae **** Gingkoinae **** Coniferae **** Gnetinae ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sympetalae
Sympetally (fused petals) is a flower characteristic that historically was used to classify a grouping of plants termed Sympetalae, but this term has been abandoned in newer molecular based classifications, although the grouping has similarity to the modern term asterids. History Sympetalae Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach, Rchb. (1828), meaning “with fused petals”, is a descriptive botanical name used in the Eichler system, Eichler, Engler system, Engler, and Wettstein systems for a group of flowering plants (angiosperms). In this group the flowers have a separate sepal, calyx and Corolla (flower), corolla and in which the corolla petals are fused, at least at their base, a condition known as sympetally. Prior to the phylogenic classifications of August Eichler and his successors this group corresponds to the Gamopetalae of Bentham and Hooker, gamopetally being a synonym of sympetally. This was one of the three divisions of dicotyledons in their system. In Eichler's ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scrophulariales
The Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order of flowering plants in the asterids clade of the Eudicots. Under the APG IV system of flowering plant classification the order consists of 24 families, and includes about 23,810 species and 1,059 genera with representatives found all over the world. Well-known or economically important members of this order include aromatic, culinary, and medicinal herbs such as basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, perilla, lemon verbena, catnip, bee balm, wild dagga, and oriental motherwort, as well as olives, ash trees, teak, foxgloves, lilacs, jasmine, snapdragons, African violets, Jacarandas, Paulownias, butterfly bushes, sesame, and psyllium. Description Plant species within the order Lamiales are eudicots and are herbaceous or have woody stems. Zygomorphic flowers are common, having five petals with an upper lip of two petals and lower lip of three petals, but actinomorphic flowers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rank (botany)
In biology, taxonomic rank (which some authors prefer to call nomenclatural rank because ranking is part of nomenclature rather than taxonomy proper, according to some definitions of these terms) is the relative or absolute level of a group of organisms (a ''taxon'') in a hierarchy that reflects evolutionary relationships. Thus, the most inclusive clades (such as Eukarya and Animalia) have the highest ranks, whereas the least inclusive ones (such as ''Homo sapiens'' or '' Bufo bufo'') have the lowest ranks. Ranks can be either relative and be denoted by an indented taxonomy in which the level of indentation reflects the rank, or absolute, in which various terms, such as species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain designate rank. This page emphasizes absolute ranks and the rank-based codes (the Zoological Code, the Botanical Code, the Code for Cultivated Plants, the Prokaryotic Code, and thCode for Viruses require them. However, absolute ranks are not r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Descriptive Botanical Name
Descriptive botanical names are scientific names of groups of plants that are irregular, not being derived systematically from the name of a type genus. They may describe some characteristics of the group in general or may be a name already in existence before regularised scientific nomenclature. Descriptive names can occur above or at the rank of family. There is only a single descriptive below the rank of family (the subfamily Papilionoideae). Above the rank of family Descriptive names above the rank of family are governed by Article 16 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), which rules that a name above the rank of family may either be ‘automatically typified’ (such as Magnoliophyta and Magnoliopsida from the type genus ''Magnolia'') or be descriptive. Descriptive names of this type may be used unchanged at different ranks (without modifying the suffix). These descriptive plant names are decreasing in importance, becoming less common ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ICBN
The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN or ICNafp) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "traditionally treated as algae, fungi, or plants".. It was formerly called the ''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' (ICBN); the name was changed at the International Botanical Congress in Melbourne in July 2011 as part of the ''Melbourne Code''. which replaced the ''Vienna Code'' of 2005. The current version of the code is the ''Shenzhen Code'' adopted by the International Botanical Congress held in Shenzhen, China, in July 2017. As with previous codes, it took effect as soon as it was ratified by the congress (on 29 July 2017), but the documentation of the code in its final form was not published until 26 June 2018. For fungi the ''Code'' was revised by the ''San Juan Chapter F'' in 2018. The 2025 edition of ICBN, the ''Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liguliflorae
The Cichorioideae are a subfamily of the family Asteraceae of flowering plants. Familiar members of Cichorioideae include lettuce, dandelions, chicory and ''Gazania'' species. The subfamily comprises about 240 genera and about 2900 species. It is heterogeneous and hard to characterize except with molecular characters. Taxonomy The subfamily as understood in 1998 turned out to be paraphyletic, based on studies of DNA sequences, so a number of tribes were moved to new subfamilies. Names for the new subfamilies were published in 2002. In 2004, 2007, and 2008, molecular phylogenetic studies further clarified relationships within Cichorioideae.Sterling C. Keeley, Zac H. Forsman, and Raymund Chan. 2007. "A phylogeny of the "evil tribe" (Vernonieae: Compositae) reveals Old/New World long distance dispersal: Support from separate and combined congruent datasets (''trn''L-F, ''ndh''F, ITS)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 44(1):89-103.Jose L. Panero and Vicki A. Funk. 2008. "T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compositae
Asteraceae () is a large family of flowering plants that consists of over 32,000 known species in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger family is unclear as the quantity of extant species in each family is unknown. The Asteraceae were first described in the year 1740 and given the original name Compositae. The family is commonly known as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family. Most species of Asteraceae are herbaceous plants, and may be annual, biennial, or perennial, but there are also shrubs, vines, and trees. The family has a widespread distribution, from subpolar to tropical regions, in a wide variety of habitats. Most occur in hot desert and cold or hot semi-desert climates, and they are found on every continent but Antarctica. Their common primary characteristic is compound flower heads, technically known as capitula, consisting of sometimes hundred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euasterids I
Asterids are a large clade (monophyletic group) of flowering plants, composed of 17 orders and more than 80,000 species, about a third of the total flowering plant species. The asterids are divided into the unranked clades lamiids (8 orders) and campanulids (7 orders), and the single orders Cornales and Ericales. Well-known asterids include dogwoods and hydrangeas (order Cornales), tea, blueberries, cranberries, kiwifruit, Brazil nuts, argan, sapote, and azaleas (order Ericales), sunflowers, lettuce, common daisy, yacon, carrots, celery, parsley, parsnips, ginseng, ivies, holly, honeysuckle, elder, and valerian (clade campanulids), borage, forget-me-nots, comfrey, coffee, frangipani, gentian, pong-pong, oleander, periwinkle, basil, mint, rosemary, sage, oregano, thyme, lavender, wild dagga, olives, ash, teak, foxgloves, lilac, jasmine, snapdragons, African violets, butterfly bushes, sesame, psyllium, potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, chilli peppers, tobacco, petunia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solanales
The Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of the eudicots. Well-known members of Solanales include potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, chili peppers, tobacco, petunias, nightshades, morning glory, and sweet potato. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order. __TOC__ Taxonomy The following families are included here in newer systems such as that of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG): * Family Solanaceae (nightshade family; includes Nolanaceae as well as potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, chili peppers, tobacco, and petunias) * Family Convolvulaceae (morning glory and sweet potato) * Family Montiniaceae * Family Sphenocleaceae * Family Hydroleaceae The APG II classification treats the Solanales in the group Euasterids I. Under the older Cronquist system, the latter three families were placed elsewhere, and a number of others were included: * Family Duckeodendraceae (now treated as a synonym of Solanaceae) * Family Nolanaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APG II
The APG II system (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II system) of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003)An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II.'' Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009 by a further revision, the APG III system. __TOC__ History APG II was published as: *Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II". '' Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'' 141(4): 399-436. (Available onlineAbstractFull text (HTML)Full text (PDF) doi: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
