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Tsumura Soan
Kampō (or Kanpō, 漢方) medicine is the Japanese study and adaptation of Traditional Chinese medicine. Today in Japan, kampo is integrated into the national health care system. In 1967, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare approved 4 kampo medicines for reimbursement under the National Health Insurance (NHI) program. In 1976, 82 kampo medicines were approved by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Currently, 148 kampo medicines are approved for reimbursement Rather than modifying formulas as in Traditional Chinese medicine, the Japanese kampo tradition uses fixed combinations of herbs in standardized proportions according to the classical literature of Chinese medicine. kampo medicines are produced by various manufacturers. However, each medicine is composed of exactly the same ingredients under the ministry's standardization methodology. The medicines are therefore prepared under strict manufacturing conditions that rival pharmaceutical companies. Extensive modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in the south. The Japanese archipelago consists of four major islands—Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu—and List of islands of Japan, thousands of smaller islands, covering . Japan has a population of over 123 million as of 2025, making it the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh-most populous country. The capital of Japan and List of cities in Japan, its largest city is Tokyo; the Greater Tokyo Area is the List of largest cities, largest metropolitan area in the world, with more than 37 million inhabitants as of 2024. Japan is divided into 47 Prefectures of Japan, administrative prefectures and List of regions of Japan, eight traditional regions. About three-quarters of Geography of Japan, the countr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mao-to
is a traditional Japanese herbal formula used in Kampo medicine. It originates in ancient China derived from the medicine ''mahuang tang''. It is primarily prescribed for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections and influenza, and has been included in Japan's national health insurance system for over four decades. Mao-to consists of four herbal ingredients—the stem of Chinese ephedra, the kernel of an apricot species, the bark of Chinese cassia and licorice root—and is typically prepared as a hot-water extract. Pharmacological studies have shown that its components possess antiviral properties, particularly against influenza A virus, through mechanisms that inhibit viral entry and modulate immune responses. ''Mao-to'' is widely used in Japan both as a prescription and over-the-counter medication, and clinical research supports its effectiveness in reducing influenza symptoms with minimal side effects. Its safety profile is generally favorable, though caution is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ginger
Ginger (''Zingiber officinale'') is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or ginger, is widely used as a spice and a folk medicine. It is an herbaceous perennial that grows annual pseudostems (false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves) about one meter tall, bearing narrow leaf blades. The inflorescences bear flowers having pale yellow petals with purple edges, and arise directly from the rhizome on separate shoot (botany), shoots. Ginger is in the family (taxonomy), family Zingiberaceae, which also includes turmeric (''Curcuma longa''), cardamom (''Elettaria cardamomum''), and galangal. Ginger originated in Maritime Southeast Asia and was likely domesticated first by the Austronesian peoples. It was transported with them throughout the Indo-Pacific during the Austronesian expansion ( Before Present, BP), reaching as far as Hawaii. Ginger is one of the first spices to have been exported from Asia, arriving in Europe with the spice trade, and was used by ancient Gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glycyrrhiza
''Glycyrrhiza'' is a genus of about 20 accepted species in the legume family (Fabaceae), with a subcosmopolitan distribution in Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Americas. The genus is best known for liquorice (British English; licorice in American English), ''G. glabra'', a species native to Eurasia and North Africa, from which most confectionery liquorice is produced. Species 17 species are accepted: *'' Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa'' *'' Glycyrrhiza aspera'' *'' Glycyrrhiza astragalina'' *'' Glycyrrhiza asymmetrica'' *'' Glycyrrhiza bucharica'' *''Glycyrrhiza echinata'' *'' Glycyrrhiza foetida'' *''Glycyrrhiza glabra Liquorice (Commonwealth English) or licorice (American English; see spelling differences; ) is the common name of ''Glycyrrhiza glabra'', a flowering plant of the bean family Fabaceae, from the root of which a sweet, aromatic flavouring is ...'' – liquorice, licorice *'' Glycyrrhiza gontscharovii'' *'' Glycyrrhiza inflata'' *'' Glycyrrhiza lepi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seirogan
is a pharmaceutical drug marketed in Japan as a treatment for the digestive tract (especially as an antidiarrhoeal), whose main active ingredient is "wood creosote" (also wood-tar creosote, or beechwood creosote). The name is nominally a registered trademark of based in Suita, Osaka which is still the major market-share holder, but the enforceability of the tradename has been voided by the Supreme Court of Japan, which ruled ''seirogan'' to be a common generic name. The ruling only recognizes proprietary use of the bugle logo by Taiko,, pp. 131-; discusses bugle as only recognized trademark; mentions a site that collected 26 different similar looking seirogan brand boxes; on p. 134 is a gallery of 20 different such boxes. but not protection of its characteristic packaging. As a result, dozens of extremely similar packaged drugs are being manufactured and sold in the market. Medical uses Seirogan is a general-use medicine, mainly to treat the gastro-intestinal system. Seir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tablet (pharmacy)
A tablet (also known as a pill) is a pharmaceutical oral dosage form (''oral solid dosage'', or OSD) or solid unit dosage form. Tablets may be defined as the solid unit dosage form of medication with suitable excipients. It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, that are pressed or compacted into a solid dose. The main advantages of tablets are that they ensure a consistent dose of medicine that is easy to consume. Tablets are prepared either by moulding or by compression. The excipients can include diluents, binders or granulating agents, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure efficient tabletting; disintegrants to promote tablet break-up in the digestive tract; sweeteners or flavours to enhance taste; and pigments to make the tablets visually attractive or aid in visual identification of an unknown tablet. A polymer coating is often applied to make the tablet smoother and easier to swallow, to control the release rate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takeda Pharmaceuticals
The is a Japanese multinational pharmaceutical company. It is the third largest pharmaceutical company in Asia, behind Sinopharm and Shanghai Pharmaceuticals, and one of the top 20 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world by revenue (top 10 following its merger with Shire). The company has over 49,578 employees worldwide and achieved US$19.299 billion in revenue during the 2018 fiscal year. The company is focused on oncology, rare diseases, neuroscience, gastroenterology, plasma-derived therapies and vaccines. Its headquarters is located in Chuo-ku, Osaka, and it has an office in Nihonbashi, Chuo, Tokyo. In January 2012, Fortune Magazine ranked the Takeda Oncology Company as one of the 100 best companies to work for in the United States. As of 2015, Christophe Weber was appointed as the CEO and president of Takeda. History Founding and initial acquisitions (1781–2010) Takeda Pharmaceuticals was founded in 1781, and was incorporated on January 29, 1925. One o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sustained Release
Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release R, XR, XLdosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage).Pharmaceutics: Drug Delivery and Targeting p. 7-13 Sustained-release dosage forms are s designed to release (liberate) a drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentrat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucalyptol
Eucalyptol (also called cineole) is a monoterpenoid colorless liquid, and a bicyclic ether. It has a fresh camphor-like odor and a spicy, cooling taste. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. Eucalyptol makes up about 70–90% of eucalyptus oil. Eucalyptol forms crystalline adducts with hydrohalic acids, ''o''-cresol, resorcinol, and phosphoric acid. Formation of these adducts is useful for purification. In 1870, F. S. Cloez identified and ascribed the name "eucalyptol" to the dominant portion of ''Eucalyptus globulus'' oil. Uses Because of its pleasant, spicy aroma and taste, eucalyptol is used in flavorings, fragrances, and cosmetics. Cineole-based eucalyptus oil is used as a flavoring at low levels (0.002%) in various products, including baked goods, confectionery, meat products, and beverages. In a 1994 report released by five top cigarette companies, eucalyptol was listed as one of the 599 additives to cigarettes. It is claimed to be add ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menthol
Menthol is an organic compound, specifically a Monoterpene, monoterpenoid, that occurs naturally in the oils of several plants in the Mentha, mint family, such as Mentha arvensis, corn mint and peppermint. It is a white or clear waxy crystalline substance that is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above. The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-menthol, which is assigned the (1''R'',2''S'',5''R'') Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules, configuration. For many people, menthol produces a cooling sensation when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin, and mint plants have been used for centuries for topical pain relief and as a food flavoring. Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol has been demonstrated to cause a subjective nasal decongestant effect without any objective decongestant action, and administration of menthol via a nasal inhaler in humans has also been shown t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline, sold under the brand name Afrin among others, is a topical decongestant and vasoconstrictor medication. It is available over-the-counter as a nasal spray to treat nasal congestion and nosebleeds, as eye drops to treat eye redness due to minor irritation, and (in the United States) as a prescription topical cream to treat persistent facial redness due to rosacea in adults. Its effects begin within minutes and last for up to six hours. Intranasal use for longer than three to five days may cause congestion to recur or worsen, resulting in physical dependence. Oxymetazoline is a derivative of imidazole. It was developed from xylometazoline at Merck by Wolfgang Fruhstorfer and Helmut Müller-Calgan in 1961. A direct sympathomimetic, oxymetazoline binds to and activates α1 adrenergic receptors and α2 adrenergic receptors, most notably. One study classified it in the following order: α(2A) > α(1A) ≥ α(2B) > α(1D) ≥ α(2C) >> α(1B), but this is not univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yokukansan
Yokukansan (written as 抑肝散 and read as Yokukansan in Japanese while YiganSan in Chinese) is a standard recipe or prescription from traditional Chinese medicine used widely in Eastern Asian countries including China, Taiwan, North and South Koreas and Japan. There are some classical text books describing YKS for example 『保嬰金鏡録』 (Prescriptions for pediatrics』by 薛己 Xue Ji in 1550), 『保嬰撮要』 (Bao ying cuo yao) by 薛鎧 (Xue Kai in 1556) and others. But only 薛己 (Xue Ji) described it as "愚製(my original)" in his book, so that 薛己 (Xue Ji) is probably the originator of this recipe. Yokukansan (YKS) contains an ''exactly measured'' mixture of dried herbs, 3g of ''Atractylodes macrocephala macrocephala'' Koidz. (白术(炒)) in China or 4 g of ''Atractylodes'' lanceae rhizoma (蒼朮) in Japan, 4 g of Poria (伏苓), 3 g of Cnidii rhizoma (川芎), 3 g of Angelicae radix (当帰), 2 g of Bupleuri radix (柴胡), 1.5 g of Glycyrrhizae radix ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
