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Trypanoplasma
''Cryptobia'' is a genus of Kinetoplastida, kinetoplastids. Several species are known for being fish pathogens. They can be found in other animals, as well. The name ''Trypanoplasma'' is occasionally used for some of these.Woo, P. T. K. (2003)''Cryptobia'' (''Trypanoplasma'') ''salmositica'' and salmonid cryptobiosis.''Journal of Fish Diseases'' 26(11-12) 627–46. Biology There are 52 species of ''Cryptobia'' known from fish. 40 of these live in the blood, 7 in the gut, and 5 on the body surface. Examples include: *''Cryptobia branchialis'', an ectoparasite that lives on the skin or gills. It can deform the skin and cause Anorexia (symptom), anorexia and death. *''Cryptobia iubilans'', an endoparasite that lives in the intestines and causes granulomatous inflammation of the abdominal organs, resulting in weight loss and death. *''Cryptobia salmositica'', ''Cryptobia borreli, C. borreli'', and ''Cryptobia bullocki, C. bullocki'', blood parasites that lead to anaemia and lesions i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euglenozoa
Euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate Discoba. They include a variety of common free-living species, as well as a few important parasites, some of which infect humans. Euglenozoa are represented by four major groups, ''i.e.,'' Kinetoplastea, Diplonemea, Euglenida, and Symbiontida. Euglenozoa are unicellular, mostly around in size, although some euglenids get up to long. Structure Most euglenozoa have two flagella, which are inserted parallel to one another in an apical or subapical pocket. In some these are associated with a cytostome or mouth, used to ingest bacteria or other small organisms. This is supported by one of three sets of microtubules that arise from the flagellar bases; the other two support the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the cell. Some other euglenozoa feed through absorption, and many euglenids possess chloroplasts, the only eukaryotes outside Diaphoretickes to do so without performing kleptoplasty, and so obtain energy through photosynthesis. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptobia Helicis
''Cryptobia'' is a genus of kinetoplastids. Several species are known for being fish pathogens. They can be found in other animals, as well. The name ''Trypanoplasma'' is occasionally used for some of these.Woo, P. T. K. (2003)''Cryptobia'' (''Trypanoplasma'') ''salmositica'' and salmonid cryptobiosis.''Journal of Fish Diseases'' 26(11-12) 627–46. Biology There are 52 species of ''Cryptobia'' known from fish. 40 of these live in the blood, 7 in the gut, and 5 on the body surface. Examples include: *'' Cryptobia branchialis'', an ectoparasite that lives on the skin or gills. It can deform the skin and cause anorexia and death. *'' Cryptobia iubilans'', an endoparasite that lives in the intestines and causes granulomatous inflammation of the abdominal organs, resulting in weight loss and death. *'' Cryptobia salmositica'', '' C. borreli'', and '' C. bullocki'', blood parasites that lead to anaemia and lesions in the haematopoietic tissues. Some ''Cryptobia'' parasitize other an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinetoplastida
Kinetoplastida (or Kinetoplastea, as a class) is a group of flagellated protists belonging to the phylum Euglenozoa, and characterised by the presence of a distinctive organelle called the kinetoplast (hence the name), a granule containing a large mass of DNA. The group includes a number of parasites responsible for serious diseases in humans and other animals, as well as various forms found in soil and aquatic environments. The organisms are commonly referred to as "kinetoplastids" or "kinetoplasts". The kinetoplastids were first defined by Bronislaw M. Honigberg in 1963 as the members of the flagellated protozoans. They are traditionally divided into the biflagellate Bodonidae and uniflagellate Trypanosomatidae; the former appears to be paraphyletic to the latter. One family of kinetoplastids, the trypanosomatids, is notable as it includes several genera which are exclusively parasitic. ''Bodo'' is a typical genus within kinetoplastida, which also includes various common f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a Germ theory of disease, germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or Transmission (medicine), transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excavata
Excavata is an obsolete, extensive and diverse paraphyletic group of unicellular Eukaryota. The group was first suggested by Simpson and Patterson in 1999 and the name latinized and assigned a rank by Thomas Cavalier-Smith in 2002. It contains a variety of free-living and symbiotic protists, and includes some important parasites of humans such as ''Giardia'' and '' Trichomonas''. Excavates were formerly considered to be included in the now- obsolete Protista kingdom. They were distinguished from other lineages based on electron-microscopic information about how the cells are arranged (they have a distinctive ultrastructural identity). They are considered to be a basal flagellate lineage. On the basis of phylogenomic analyses, the group was shown to contain three widely separated eukaryote groups, the discobids, metamonads, and malawimonads. A current view of the composition of the excavates is given below, indicating that the group is paraphyletic. Except for some Eugleno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isometamidium Chloride
Isometamidium chloride is a triazene trypanocidal agent used in veterinary medicine. It consists of a single ethidium bromide like subunit linked to a fragment of the diminazene molecule. Resistance The Gibe River Valley in southwest Ethiopia showed universal resistance between July 1989 and February 1993. This likely indicates a permanent loss of function in this area against the tested target, '' T. congolense'' isolated from Boran cattle Boran cattle are a popular Zebu beef breed in eastern Africa. Through DNA sampling, Hanotte et al. have analyzed the genetic make-up of the Boran and it consists of the following genetic proportions—64% ''Bos indicus'', 24% European ''Bos tau .... References Amidines Antiparasitic agents Quaternary ammonium compounds Triazenes {{antiinfective-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
