|
Tropatepine
Tropatepine (brand name Lepticur) is an anticholinergic used as an antiparkinsonian agent. Synthesis Tropatepine can be synthesized from 3-chlorotropane (1).DE1952206 idem J Boissier, R Ratouis, (1973 to Ind Pour La Fab Antibiotiques). A Grignard reaction between 3-chlorotropane and dibenzo 'b,e''hiepin-11(6''H'')-one (2) followed by dehydration to the olefin produces tropatepine (3). See also *Muscarinic antagonist A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, also simply known as a muscarinic antagonist or as an antimuscarinic agent, is a type of anticholinergic drug that blocks the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The muscarin ... References {{Tricyclics Dibenzothiepines M1 receptor antagonists M2 receptor antagonists M3 receptor antagonists M4 receptor antagonists M5 receptor antagonists Tropanes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anticholinergic
Anticholinergics (anticholinergic agents) are substances that block the action of the acetylcholine (ACh) neurotransmitter at synapses in the central nervous system, central and peripheral nervous system. These agents inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system by selectively blocking the binding of ACh to its receptor in nerve cells. The nerve fibers of the parasympathetic system are responsible for the involuntary movement of Smooth muscle tissue, smooth muscles present in the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lungs, sweat glands, and many other parts of the body. In broad terms, anticholinergics are divided into two categories in accordance with their specific targets in the central and peripheral nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction: antimuscarinic agents and antinicotinic agents (ganglionic blockers, neuromuscular blockers). The term "anticholinergic" is typically used to refer to antimuscarinics that competitively inhibit the binding of ACh to muscarinic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Management Of Parkinson's Disease
In the management of Parkinson's disease, due to the chronic nature of Parkinson's disease (PD), a broad-based program is needed that includes patient and family education, support-group services, general wellness maintenance, exercise, and nutrition. At present, no cure for the disease is known, but medications or surgery can provide relief from the symptoms. While many medications treat Parkinson's, none actually reverses the effects of the disease. Furthermore, the gold-standard treatment varies with the disease state. People with Parkinson's, therefore, often must take a variety of medications to manage the disease's symptoms. Several medications currently in development seek to better address motor fluctuations and nonmotor symptoms of PD. However, none is yet on the market with specific approval to treat Parkinson's. Medication The main families of drugs useful for treating motor symptoms are levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors. The most commonly used treatm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehydration Reaction
In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of an H2O from the reacting molecule(s) or ion(s). This reaction results in the release of the H2O as water. When the reaction involves the coupling of two molecules into a single molecule it is referred to as a condensation reaction. Dehydration reactions are common processes in the manufacture of chemical compounds as well as naturally occurring within living organisms. The reverse of a dehydration reaction is called a hydration reaction. The reverse of a condensation reaction yielding water is called hydrolysis. Condensation reactions occurring in living organisms Condensation dehydration reactions are fundamental to the existence of life as this type of reaction produces proteins from amino acids, DNA and RNA from nucleotides, fats from fatty acids, and polysaccharides (eg. cellulose, starch, sugar, lactose) from monosaccharides (eg. glucose and fructose). The formation of the pyrophosphat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscarinic Antagonist
A muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, also simply known as a muscarinic antagonist or as an antimuscarinic agent, is a type of anticholinergic drug that blocks the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The muscarinic receptors are proteins involved in the transmission of signals through certain parts of the nervous system, and muscarinic receptor antagonists work to prevent this transmission from occurring. Notably, muscarinic antagonists reduce the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. The normal function of the parasympathetic system is often summarised as "rest-and-digest", and includes slowing of the heart, an increased rate of digestion, narrowing of the airways, promotion of urination, and sexual arousal. Muscarinic antagonists counter this parasympathetic "rest-and-digest" response, and also work elsewhere in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Drugs with muscarinic antagonist activity are widely used in medicine, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M1 Receptor Antagonists
M1, M01 or M-1 may refer to: Arts, entertainment & media * M-1 (rapper), one half of hip hop duo Dead Prez * Korg M1, a keyboard synthesizer * Leica M1, a 1959 35 mm camera model * Olympus OM-1, a 1972 manually operated 35mm single-lens reflex camera * M1 (TV channel), news channel of the Hungarian MTVA * M-1 (Lithuanian radio station) * M1 (Ukraine), a television channel * M1 (Russian TV channel) Economics and finance * M1 (money supply measure), in economics, a measure of the money supply * M1 Finance, an online financial services company Military equipment Vehicles US Armed Forces * M1 Abrams, a main battle tank * M1 armored car * M1 combat car, an early tank * M1 light tractor * M1 medium tractor * M1 heavy tractor Other * Bristol M.1, a 1916 British fighter aircraft * (M1), a WWI Royal Navy monitor * (1919), an early British submarine * , a Swedish Navy mine sweeper * , a Swedish Royal Navy mine layer Weapons US Armed Forces * 120 mm gun M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M2 Receptor Antagonists
M, or m, is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of several western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''em'' (pronounced ), plural ''ems''. History The letter M is derived from the Phoenician Mem via the Greek Mu (Μ, μ). Semitic Mem is most likely derived from a " Proto-Sinaitic" (Bronze Age) adoption of the "water" ideogram in Egyptian writing. The Egyptian sign had the acrophonic value , from the Egyptian word for "water", ''nt''; the adoption as the Semitic letter for was presumably also on acrophonic grounds, from the Semitic word for "water", '' *mā(y)-''. Use in writing systems English In English, represents the voiced bilabial nasal . The Oxford English Dictionary (first edition) says that is sometimes a vowel, such as in words like ''spasm'' and in the suffix ''-ism''. In modern terminology, this is described as a syllabic consonant (IPA: ). M is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M3 Receptor Antagonists
M3, M-3 or M03 may refer to: Computing and electronics * Apple M3, a central processing unit in the Apple M series * Intel m3, a brand of microprocessors * M.3 (aka NF1/NGSFF), a specification for internally mounted expansion cards * Leica M3, a landmark 35mm rangefinder camera * Modula-3 (M3), a programming language * M3, a British peak programme meter standard used for measuring the volume of audio broadcasts * m3, a macro processor for the AP-3 minicomputer, the predecessor to m4 * M3, a surface-mount version of the 1N4003 general-purpose silicon rectifier diode * M3 (email client), an unreleased email client for the Vivaldi browser Entertainment * M3, a comic book created by Vicente Alcazar * M3 adapter, a Game Boy Advance movie player * M3 (Canadian TV channel), a music and entertainment television channel * M3 (Hungarian TV channel), a Hungarian television channel * '' M3: Malay Mo Ma-develop'', a 2010 Philippine TV series * M3 Music Card, a 2007 flash-based MP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M4 Receptor Antagonists
M4 or M-4 most often refers to: * M4 carbine, an American carbine * M4 Sherman, an American World War II medium tank M4, M04, or M-4 may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''M4'' (EP), a 2006 EP by Faunts * ''M4'' (video game), a 1992 computer game developed for the Macintosh * ''M.IV'' ("Matrix IV"), the fictional Warner Brothers videogame project inside the 2021 film '' The Matrix Resurrections'' * Former name of band First to Eleven * M4, the robot assistant to the character Flint in the Star Trek episode Requiem for Methuselah Military Weapons * Benelli M4 Super 90, an Italian semi-automatic,gas-operated shotgun * M4 autocannon, an American 37 mm automatic gun * M4 Selectable Lightweight Attack Munition (SLAM), an American land mine * M4 SLBM, a French submarine-launched ballistic missile from 1985 * M4 Survival Rifle, an American rifle in aircraft survival gear * Spectre M4, an Italian submachine gun * M4 bayonet, an American World War II bayon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M5 Receptor Antagonists
M5, M-5, M.5, M-V, or M05 may refer to: Transportation Automobiles * AITO M5, a Chinese mid-size crossover SUV * BMW M5, a German mid-size performance car series * Dongfeng Fengxing Lingzhi M5, a Chinese MPV * Haima M5, a Chinese compact sedan * JAC Refine M5, a Chinese MPV * Studebaker M5, an American pickup truck Aviation and aerospace * M-5 rocket, a Japanese rocket * Macchi M.5, an Italian flying boat fighter in service from 1917 until the mid-1920s * Miles M.5 Sparrowhawk, a 1930s British single-seat racing and touring monoplane * Fokker M.5, a 1913 unarmed single-seat monoplane aircraft * Grigorovich M-5, a Russian World War I-era biplane flying boat * Kenmore Air (IATA airline designator: M5), a small airline based in the United States Military * M5 Stuart, a variant of the Stuart tank, a World War II-era American light tank * M5 half-track, a variant of the M3 Half-track military armored personnel carrier * M5 tractor, World War II-era artillery-towing tractor * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
