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Trimble Knob
Trimble Knob, located southwest of Monterey, Virginia in Highland County, is a conical hill composed of basalt, a volcanic rock, of Eocene (early Tertiary) age. It is the eroded remnant of what was an active volcano or diatreme that last erupted approximately 35 million years ago, making it one of the youngest volcanos on the east coast of North America. Description Trimble Knob is an isolated conical hill in an otherwise relatively flat valley, surrounded by farmland. The peak of the hill has an elevation of 3123 ft (952m). U.S. Route 220 lies along the southeast flank of the hill. Trimble Knob is the most obvious of many igneous intrusions in the area. The central part of the hill is composed of basalt with a diameter of approximately . The basalt intrudes through the gently dipping Devonian Needmore Formation (fossiliferous shale and calcareous mudstone), and is near the axis of a syncline in the center of the valley. Age The basalt at Trimble Knob (and other igneous di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monterey, Virginia
Monterey is a town in Highland County, Virginia, United States. The population was 147 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Highland County. History The selection of Monterey as the county seat of Highland County in 1847 was associated with the blazing of the Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike in 1838. The new town was named in commemoration of the Battle of Monterrey, Mexico (September 21–24, 1846) in which General (and future President) Zachary Taylor gained a key victory for the United States in the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). ''Monterey'' is a Spanish word meaning "mountain of the king". The GW Jeep Site, Monterey High School, and Monterey Hotel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Geography Monterey is located at (38.411888, −79.580468). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.3 square mile (0.8 km2), all land. Transportation U.S. Route 220 and U.S. Route 250 are the main high ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the abs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diatremes Of The United States
A diatreme, sometimes known as a maar-diatreme volcano, is a volcanic pipe formed by a gaseous explosion. When magma rises up through a crack in Earth's crust and makes contact with a shallow body of groundwater, rapid expansion of heated water vapor and volcanic gases can cause a series of explosions. A relatively shallow crater (known as a ''maar'') is left, and a rock-filled fracture (the actual diatreme) in the crust. Diatremes breach the surface and produce a steep, inverted cone shape. The term ''diatreme'' has been applied more generally to any concave body of broken rock formed by explosive or hydrostatic forces, whether or not it is related to volcanism. The word comes . Global distribution Maar-diatreme volcanoes are not uncommon, reported as the second most common type of volcano on continents and islands. Igneous intrusions cause the formation of a diatreme only in the specific setting where groundwater exists; thus most igneous intrusions do not produce diatreme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landforms Of Highland County, Virginia
A landform is a natural or anthropogenic land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. Landforms include hills, mountains, canyons, and valleys, as well as shoreline features such as bays, peninsulas, and seas, including submerged features such as mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, and the great ocean basins. Physical characteristics Landforms are categorized by characteristic physical attributes such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure and soil type. Gross physical features or landforms include intuitive elements such as berms, mounds, hills, ridges, cliffs, valleys, rivers, peninsulas, volcanoes, and numerous other structural and size-scaled (e.g. ponds vs. lakes, hills vs. mountains) elements including various kinds of inland and oceanic waterbodies and sub-surface features. Mountains, hills, plateaux, and plains are the fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Virginia
West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States.The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the Southern United States while the Bureau of Labor Statistics classifies the state as a part of the Mid-Atlantic regionMid-Atlantic Home : Mid-Atlantic Information Office: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics" www.bls.gov. Archived. It is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north and east, Maryland to the east and northeast, Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, and Ohio to the northwest. West Virginia is the 10th-smallest state by area and ranks as the 12th-least populous state, with a population of 1,793,716 residents. The capital and largest city is Charleston. West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key border state during the American Civil War. It was the only state to form by separating from a Confederate state, the second to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pendleton County, West Virginia
Pendleton County is a County (United States), county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the population was 6,143, making it the second-least populous county in West Virginia. Its county seat is Franklin, West Virginia, Franklin. The county was created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1788 from parts of Augusta County, Virginia, Augusta, Hardy County, West Virginia, Hardy, and Rockingham County, Virginia, Rockingham Counties and was named for Edmund Pendleton (1721–1803), a distinguished Virginia statesman and jurist. Pendleton County was strongly pro-Confederate States of America, Confederate during the American Civil War; however, there were pockets of Unionists who supported the state government in Wheeling, West Virginia, Wheeling. Spruce Knob, located in Pendleton County, is the highest point in the state and in the Allegheny Mountains, Alleghenies, its elevation being 4,863 feet. Parts of the Monongahela Nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ugly Mountain
Ugly Mountain is a summit in Pendleton County, West Virginia, in the United States. With an elevation of , Ugly Mountain is the 507th highest summit in the state of West Virginia. Ugly Mountain is a volcanic neck with a diatreme breccia Breccia () is a rock composed of large angular broken fragments of minerals or rocks cemented together by a fine-grained matrix. The word has its origins in the Italian language, in which it means "rubble". A breccia may have a variety of d ... that formed during the Middle Eocene.Garner, T.E., 1956, The igneous rocks of Pendleton County, West Virginia: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, Report of Investigations No. 12, 31 plink/ref> References Mountains of Pendleton County, West Virginia Mountains of West Virginia Volcanism of West Virginia Volcanoes of the United States {{PendletonCountyWV-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Igneous
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ''ignis'' meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses. Igneous rocks occur in a wide range of geological settings: shields, platforms, orogens, basins, large igneous provinces, extended crust and oceanic crust. Geological significance Igneous and metamorphic rocks make up 90–95% of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rockingham County, Virginia
Rockingham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 83,757. Its county seat is the independent city of Harrisonburg. Along with Harrisonburg, Rockingham County forms the Harrisonburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is also home of the Rockingham County Baseball League. History Settlement of the county began in 1727, when Adam Miller (Mueller) staked out a claim on the south fork of the Shenandoah River, near the line that now divides Rockingham County from Page County. On a trip through eastern Virginia, the German-born Miller had heard reports about a lush valley to the west which had been discovered by Governor Alexander Spotswood's legendary Knights of the Golden Horseshoe Expedition, and then moved his family down from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. In 1741, Miller purchased , including a large lithia spring, near Elkton, Virginia, and lived on this property for the remainder of his life. Much-increas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mole Hill (Virginia)
Mole Hill is a rounded hill composed of basalt, a volcanic rock, formed during the Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period. It is the eroded remnant of what was an active volcano approximately 47 million years ago, making it one of the youngest volcanoes on the east coast of North America. It is located west of Harrisonburg, Virginia, in Rockingham County. Description Mole Hill is an isolated, rounded, tree-covered ''monadnock'' in an otherwise relatively flat valley, surrounded by farmland. The peak of Mole Hill is approximately 1,893 feet (577 meters) above sea level. The basalt itself, outcropping at the crest of the hill, is "dark greenish gray to grayish black, medium grained, and moderately porphyritic. It is an olivine-spinel basalt with abundant large pale green pyroxene and minor yellow-brown olivine phenocrysts." The basalt intrudes through the Ordovician Beekmantown Group of carbonate rocks. Age The basalt at Mole Hill (and other igneous dikes in the area) was o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millboro Shale
The Hamilton Group is a Devonian-age geological group in the Appalachian region of the United States. It is present in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, West Virginia, northwestern Virginia and Ontario, Canada. It is mainly composed of marine shale with some sandstone. There are two main formations encompassed by the group: the Mahantango Formation and the Marcellus Shale. In southwestern Virginia, where the two sub-units are not easily distinguishable, the Hamilton Group is broadly equivalent to the Millboro Shale or Millboro Formation. The group is named for the village of Hamilton, New York. These rocks are the oldest strata of the Devonian gas shale sequence. Stratigraphic Setting The Hamilton Group consists of the Mahantango Formation, a gray, dark gray, brown, and olive laminated shale; siltstone; and very fine-grained sandstone or claystone containing marine fossils. The uppermost clay layers of the Mahantango Formation are particularly rich in fossils. It overlies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principle Of Cross-cutting Relationships
Cross-cutting relationships is a principle of geology that states that the geologic feature which cuts another is the younger of the two features. It is a relative dating technique in geology. It was first developed by Danish geological pioneer Nicholas Steno in ''Dissertationis prodromus'' (1669) and later formulated by James Hutton in '' Theory of the Earth'' (1795) and embellished upon by Charles Lyell in ''Principles of Geology'' (1830). Types There are several basic types of cross-cutting relationships: *Structural relationships may be faults or fractures cutting through an older rock. *Intrusional relationships occur when an igneous pluton or dike is intruded into pre-existing rocks. *Stratigraphic relationships may be an erosional surface (or unconformity) cuts across older rock layers, geological structures, or other geological features. *Sedimentological relationships occur where currents have eroded or scoured older sediment in a local area to produce, for exam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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