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Tokugawa Ienari
Tokugawa Ienari (, 18 November 1773 – 22 March 1841) was the eleventh and longest-serving ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.'' (1991) ''Early Modern Japan'', p. 21./ref> He was a great-grandson of the eighth shōgun Tokugawa Yoshimune through his son Munetada (1721–1764), head of the Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda, Hitotsubashi branch of the family, and his grandson Harusada (1751–1827). Ienari died in 1841 and was given the Buddhist name Bunkyouin and buried at Kan'ei-ji. Events of Ienari's ''bakufu'' * 1787 (''Tenmei 7''): Ienari becomes the 11th ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa shogunate, bakufu government. * 1788 (''Tenmei 7''): Riots in rice shops in Edo and Osaka. * 6 – 11 March 1788 (''Tenmei 8, 29th day of the 1st month – 4th day of the second month''): Great Fire of Kyoto. A fire in the city, which begins at 3 o'clock in the morning of March 6 burns uncontrolled until the 1st day of the second month ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa (surname)
Tokugawa (Shinjitai spelling: ; Kyūjitai spelling: ) is a Japanese name, surname in Japan literally meaning "virtuous river". It originated with Tokugawa Ieyasu, who took the surname in 1567, reviving an Tokugawa clan#History, ancestral placename. He and his fourteen successors were ''shōguns'' during the Edo period of History of Japan, Japanese history. Some of his sons also bore the Tokugawa surname, and three cadet branches of his line, the Owari Province, Owari, Kii Province, Kii, and Mito, Ibaraki, Mito Tokugawa, continued as ''daimyōs'' through the Edo period. Descendants of Ieyasu who were not permitted to take the Tokugawa name normally bore the Matsudaira surname. See also *Tokugawa clan *:Tokugawa clan Japanese-language surnames {{surname-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opperhoofd
is a Dutch word (plural ) that literally translates to "upper-head", meaning "supreme headman". The Danish cognate , which is a calque derived from a Danish pronunciation of the Dutch or Low German word, is also treated here. The standard German cognate is . In modern Dutch, remains in use for a native tribal chief, such as a ''sachem'' of Native Americans. Despite the superlative etymology, it can be applied to several chiefs in a single native community. The derived Danish word also carries this same meaning. However, this article is devoted to its more former, historical use as a gubernatorial title, comparable to the English chief factor, for the chief executive officer of a Dutch in the sense of trading post, as led by a factor, i.e. agent. The etymologically cognate title of Danish (singular) had a similar gubernatorial use (sometimes rendered in English as station chief), notably on the Danish Gold Coast. Dutch colonial ''opperhoofden'' In Asia The factory e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyūshū
is the third-largest island of Japan's four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa and the other Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Islands). In the past, it has been known as , and . The historical regional name referred to Kyushu and its surrounding islands. Kyushu has a land area of and a population of 14,311,224 in 2018. In ancient times, there is a theory that Kyushu was home to its own independent dynasty, where a unique, southern-influenced culture and tradition distinct from that of Honshu flourished. In the 8th-century Taihō Code reforms, Dazaifu was established as a special administrative term for the region. Geography The island is mountainous, and Japan's most active volcano, Mount Aso at , is on Kyūshū. There are many other signs of tectonic activity, including numerous areas of hot springs. The most famous of these are in Beppu, on the east shore, and around Mt. Aso in central Kyūshū. The island is separated f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satsuma Domain
The , briefly known as the , was a Han system, domain (''han'') of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871. The Satsuma Domain was based at Kagoshima Castle in Satsuma Province, the core of the modern city of Kagoshima, located in the south of the island of Kyushu. The Satsuma Domain was ruled for its existence by the ''Tozama daimyō, Tozama'' ''daimyō'' of the Shimazu clan, who had ruled the Kagoshima area since the 1200s, and covered territory in the Provinces of Japan, provinces of Satsuma, Ōsumi Province, Ōsumi and Hyūga Province, Hyūga. The Satsuma Domain was assessed under the ''Kokudaka'' system and its value peaked at 770,000 ''koku'', the second-highest domain in Japan after the Kaga Domain.Conrad Totman, Totman, Conrad. (1993) ''Early Modern Japan'', p. 119 The Satsuma Domain was one of the most powerful and prominent of Japan's domains during the Edo period, conquering the Ryukyu Kingdom as a vassal state after the invasion of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tozama Daimyō
was a class of powerful magnates or ''daimyō'' (大名) considered to be outsiders by the ruler of Japan during the Edo period (江戸時代). ''Tozama daimyō'' were classified in the Tokugawa shogunate (江戸幕府) as ''daimyō'' who became hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa after the Battle of Sekigahara (関ヶ原の戦い). ''Tozama daimyō'' were discriminated against by the Tokugawa and opposed to the ''fudai daimyō'', who were allies or vassals of Tokugawa before Sekigahara. Origins Originally, the concept of ''tozama daimyō'' emerged in Japan along with the ''daimyō'' after the rise of the Kamakura shogunate (鎌倉幕府) in the 12th century. ''Tozama'' applied to a ''daimyō'' who was considered an "outsider" by successive ''Shōguns'', Emperors, and ''shikkens'' (執権) that ruled over Japan at any given time. Typically, a ''tozama'' had a loose or indirect relationship with the current ruler, and this definition remained intact during the subsequent Ashika ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenpō Famine
The Tenpō famine (天保の飢饉, ''Tenpō no kikin''), also known as the Great Tenpō famine (天保の大飢饉, ''Tenpō no daikikin''), was a famine that affected Japan during the Edo period. Considered to have lasted from 1833 to 1837, it was named after the Tenpō era (1830–1844), during the reign of Emperor Ninkō. The death toll was estimated between 200,000 and 300,000. The ruling shōgun during the famine was Tokugawa Ienari. Causes The famine was most severe in northern Honshū and was caused by flooding and cold weather. The countryside experienced severe rains that drowned crops and unseasonable cold temperatures. In an effort to stem the effects of the famine, the northern domain of Hirosaki banned all exports of rice from 1833 to 1838 - nevertheless, the population of the city decreased by 80,000, more than half of which was from people fleeing the domain itself. The famine was further deepened by repeat insect infestations and outbreaks of disease. Although ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titia Bergsma
Titia Bergsma (Leeuwarden, 13 February 1786 – The Hague, 2 April 1821) was a Dutch woman who visited Dejima Island, Japan, in August 1817 with her husband, Jan Cock Blomhoff. She was believed to be the first Western woman to visit Japan. Under the Tokugawa shogunate's ''sakoku'' policy Japan was extremely secluded. The Dutch and Chinese were allowed to visit the country, but only for trade, and no women were permitted. The governor of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Nagasaki allowed Bergsma to enter the island. Five weeks later when the ''shōgun'' Tokugawa Ienari became aware of her presence, he ordered that Titia and the wetnurse Petronella Muns had to leave. In December the women went back to Batavia, Dutch East Indies, Batavia and Holland and Bergsma never saw her husband again. In the meanwhile, Japanese painters and sculptors had made 500 images of Bergsma. Her images had such popularity in Japan that they outsold all other prints in 19th century Japan. Images can be found all over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mount Miyama
is a {{Convert, 790.5, m, ft, 0, abbr=on mountain, located on the border of Nose, Osaka and Nantan, Kyoto, Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea .... Outline Mount Miyama is the tallest mountain of Hokusetsu Mountains. This mountain is one of Osaka 50 mountains, and a part of Hokusetsu Natural Park. Route There are three major routes to the top of this mountain. One is from Okururi Valley and it takes one hour and 50 minutes to the top of the mountain. Second one is from Hirono, and it takes two hours 50 minutes. The last one is from Fukuzumi, in Sasayama, Hyōgo and it takes two and half hours. Access * Okururikei Bus Stop of Chukyo Bus * Hirono Bus Stop of Chukyo Bus * Fukuzumi Bus Stop of Shinki Bus Gallery Image:Misen_1.JPG, Miyama Shrine on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earthquake
An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they cannot be felt, to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, damage critical infrastructure, and wreak destruction across entire cities. The seismic activity of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a particular time. The seismicity at a particular location in the Earth is the average rate of seismic energy release per unit volume. In its most general sense, the word ''earthquake'' is used to describe any seismic event that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes can occur naturally or be induced by human activities, such as mining, fracking, and nuclear weapons testing. The initial point of rupture is called the hypocenter or focus, while the ground level directly above it is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shimabara, Nagasaki
270px, Shimabara City Hall 270px, view from Shimabara Castle 270px, view from Shimabara port of Mount Unzen 270px, The old samurai residence town Shimabara is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 42,181 in 19917 households, and a population density of 510 people per km2. The total area of the city is . Geography Shimabara is located at the north-eastern end of the Shimabara Peninsula, facing the Ariake Sea in the east and Mount Unzen (including Fugendake) in the west. Climate Shimabara has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen:''Cfa'') with hot summers and cool winters. The average annual temperature in Shimabara is . The average annual rainfall is with June as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . Its record high is , reached on 11 August 2016, and its record low is , reached on 25 January 2016. Demographics Per Japanese census data ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
