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Tokhi
Tokhi (Pashto; توخئ) is a Ghilji tribe found in Afghanistan. Tokhi are one of the largest branches of the Ghilji confederation. The mythical patriarch of the Ghilji confederacy is Madhnai Nika (مړنئ نيکه) who had three sons ranches ''Thoraan (توران)'', ''Tholar (تولر)'' and ''Bolar (بولر)''. The ''Thoraan'' has two Branches, the first one being the Hotak (هوتک) and the second one is the Tokhi tribe. They are the largest branches. The Ghilji historically offered strong resistance against many enemies and also ruled over the Persian Asfahan Empire as well as ruling India.Naval Postgraduate School - Program for Culture and Conflict Studies Zabul Provincial Overview' History The Tokhi hikmat chiefs arose in the Ghilzai revolt of 1801 to 1802 against Shāh Mahmud but were put down and executed. The Tokhi were among the first in the disturbance of British Colonial Occupation during the First Afghan War and were among many troops led to attack th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazo Tokhi
Nāzo Tokhī (نازو توخۍ), commonly known as Nāzo Anā (, "Nazo the grandmother"), was an Afghans, Afghan poet and writer in the Pashto language. Mother of the famous early-18th century List of monarchs of Afghanistan, Afghan king Mirwais Hotak, she grew up in an influential family in the Kandahar region. She is remembered as a brave Women in warfare and the military in the early modern era, woman warrior in history of Afghanistan, Afghan history and as the "Mother of the Afghan Nation". Early life and family background Nazo Tokhi was born into a powerful and wealthy Pashtun people, Pashtun family in the village of Spozhmayiz Gul, near Thazi, in the Kandahar Province of Afghanistan, in or about the year 1651. Her father, Sultan Malakhai Tokhi, was a prominent head of the Tokhi Pashtun tribes, Pashtun tribe and governor of the Ghazni region. She was married to Salim Khan Hotak, son of Karam Khan. The famous Afghan ruler of the Hotak dynasty, Mirwais Hotak, was her son, and M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghilji Pashtun Tribes
The Ghiljī (, ; ) also spelled Khilji, Khalji, or Ghilzai and Ghilzay (), are one of the largest Pashtun tribes. Their traditional homeland is Ghazni and Qalati Ghilji in Afghanistan but they have also settled in other regions throughout the Afghanistan-Pakistan Pashtun belt. The modern nomadic Kochi people are predominantly made up of Ghilji tribes. The Ghilji make up around 20–25% of Afghanistan's total population. They mostly speak the central dialect of Pashto with transitional features between the southern and northern varieties of Pashto. Etymology According to historian C.E. Bosworth, the tribal name "Ghilji" is derived from the name of the '' Khalaj'' () tribe. According to historian V. Minorsky, the ancient Turkic form of the name was ''Qalaj'' (or ''Qalach''), but the Turkic / q/ changed to / kh/ in Arabic sources (''Qalaj'' > ''Khalaj''). Minorsky added: "''Qalaj'' could have a parallel form ''*Ghalaj''."; excerpts from "The Turkish Dialect of the Khalaj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghilji
The Ghiljī (, ; ) also spelled Khilji, Khalji, or Ghilzai and Ghilzay (), are one of the largest Pashtuns, Pashtun tribes. Their traditional homeland is Ghazni and Qalati Ghilji in Afghanistan but they have also settled in other regions throughout the Afghanistan-Pakistan Pashtun belt. The modern nomadic Kochi people are predominantly made up of Ghilji tribes. The Ghilji make up around 20–25% of Afghanistan's total population. They mostly speak the Central Pashto, central dialect of Pashto with transitional features between the Southern Pashto, southern and Northern Pashto, northern varieties of Pashto. Etymology According to historian Clifford Edmund Bosworth, C.E. Bosworth, the tribal name "Ghilji" is derived from the name of the ''Khalaj people, Khalaj'' () tribe. According to historian Vladimir Minorsky, V. Minorsky, the ancient Turkic languages, Turkic form of the name was ''Qalaj'' (or ''Qalach''), but the Turkic /voiceless uvular stop, q/ changed to /Voiceless vel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotak
The Hotak () or Hotaki () is a tribe of the Ghilji confederacy of the Pashtun people who live mainly in Afghanistan. History The first king to take power in Kandahar, Afghanistan, was Mirwais Hotak (1673–1715). Mirwais Hotak led a revolt against the Safavid dynasty and successfully established the Hotak dynasty in 1709. After his death in 1715, he was succeeded by Abdul Aziz Hotak. Abdul Aziz was killed in 1717 by his nephew, Mahmud Hotak, who would go on to war with the Safavids. Mahmud successfully captured Isfahan and established Hotak rule in Iran. Mahmud Hotak was assassinated in 1725 by his cousin, Ashraf Hotak. Under Ashraf's rule, the Hotaks would be kicked out of Persia. After Ashraf's death, Hussain Hotak would succeed him and would be deposed from power by Nader Shah in the Siege of Kandahar, ending the Hotak dynasty. Later Hotak rulers include Mullah Omar, who founded the Taliban, and was the ruler of the Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001. The Taliban would regain p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zabul Province
Zabul (Pashto/Dari: ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the south of the country. It has a population of 249,000. Zabul became an independent province from neighbouring Kandahar in 1963. Historically, it was part of the Zabulistan region. Qalat serves as the capital of the province. The major ethnic group are Pashtuns. Primary occupations within Zabul are agriculture and animal husbandry. Geography Zabul borders Uruzgan in the north, Kandahar in the west and in the south, Ghazni and Paktika in the east. It borders Pakistan in the east. The province covers an area of 17293 km2. Two-fifths of the province is mountainous or semi mountainous terrain (41%) while more than one quarter of the area is made up of flat land (28%). The primary ecoregion of the province is the central Afghan mountains xeric woodlands. Common vegetation is listed as dry shrub-land and pistachio. The high mountains of the northern portion of the province are in the Ghor-Hazarajat a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashto Language
Pashto ( , ; , ) is an eastern Iranian language in the Indo-European language family, natively spoken in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. It has official status in Afghanistan and the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is known in historical Persian literature as Afghani (). Spoken as a native language mostly by ethnic Pashtuns, it is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan alongside Dari, Constitution of Afghanistan �''Chapter 1 The State, Article 16 (Languages) and Article 20 (Anthem)''/ref> and it is the second-largest provincial language of Pakistan, spoken mainly in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan. Likewise, it is the primary language of the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is at least 40 million, (40 million) although some estimates place it as high as 60 million. Pashto is "one of the primary markers of ethnic identity" amongst Pashtuns. Geograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirwais Hotak
Mirwais Khan Hotak (Pashto/Dari: ; 1673-1715) was an Afghan ruler from the Ghilji tribe of Pashtuns of Kandahar, Afghanistan, and the short-lived founder of the Hotak dynasty. In 1709, after overthrowing and assassinating George XI of Kartil, the Safavid Persian governor, Hotak declared independence of the Loy Kandahar region, now southern Afghanistan. Hotak is widely known as ''Mīrwais Nīkə'' () or ''Mīrwais Bābā'' ()—"Mirwais the Grandfather" in Pashto. Background George XI of Kartli was a Georgian-Safavid general who was defeated by the Safavid Empire for trying to revolt in Georgia, and lent his services to the empire. He was ordered to quell a suspected rebellion and to govern in Kandahar. The Safavid ruler Sultan Husayn strongly suspected the Ghilji had revolted and sent George to Kandahar ahead of a large Persian army. When he arrived, he saw that the Ghilji were not revolting, resisting oppression. Although the Ghilji were loyal to George, he preferred to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud Shah Durrani
Mahmud Shah Durrani (Pashto/ Persian: ); 1769 – 18 April 1829) was born prince and later ruler of the Durrani Empire (Afghanistan) between 1801 and 1803, and again between 1809 and 1818. From 1818 to 1829 he was the ruler of Herat. From an ethnic Sadduzai tribe section of the Popalzai sub-clan of the Durrani Pashtuns, he was the son of Timur Shah Durrani and grandson of Ahmad Shah Durrani. Reign Mahmud Shah Durrani was the half-brother of his predecessor, Zaman Shah. On July 25, 1801, Zaman Shah was deposed, and Mahmud Shah ascended to ruler-ship. He had a chequered career, being deposed in 1803, restored in 1809, and finally deposed again in 1818. Struggles with the Barakzais The elder brother of Dost Mohammad Khan, the chief of the Barakzai, Fateh Khan, took an important part in raising Mahmud Shah Durrani to the sovereignty of Afghanistan in 1800 and in restoring him to the throne in 1809. The son of Mahmud Shah Durrani, Shahzada Kamran Durrani, was always in trouble w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Groups In Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a multinational state, multiethnic and mostly tribe, tribal society. The population of the country consists of numerous ethnolinguistics, ethnolinguistic groups: mainly the Pashtun people, Pashtun, Tajik people, Tajik, Hazara people, Hazara, and Uzbek people, Uzbek, as well as the minorities of Aimaq people, Aimaq, Afghan Turkmens, Turkmen, Baloch of Afghanistan, Baloch, Pashayi people, Pashai, Nuristani people, Nuristani, Gurjar people, Gujjar, Brahui people, Brahui, Afghan Qizilbash, Qizilbash, Pamiri people, Pamiri, Kyrgyz people, Kyrgyz, Moghol people, Moghol, and others. Altogether they make up the Afghan people. The former Afghan National Anthem and the Constitution of Afghanistan, Afghan Constitution (before 2021 Taliban offensive, 2021) each mention fourteen of them. Fertility rate by Ethnic origins National identity The term "Afghan (ethnonym), Afghan" is synonymous with the ethnonym "Pashtun", but in modern times the term became the Afghans, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pashtun Tribes
The Pashtun tribes (), are tribes of the Pashtun people, a large Eastern Iranian ethnic group who speak the Pashto language and follow Pashtunwali, the social code of conduct for Pashtuns. They are found primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan and form the world's largest tribe, tribal social group, society, comprising over 60 million people and between 350 and 400 tribes and clans. They are traditionally divided into four tribal confederacies: the Sarbani (), the Bettani (), the Ghurghusht (), the Karlani () and a few allied tribes of those that are Ismailkhel, Khel (clan), Khel, Ludin, Sakzai, and Zai (tribe), Zai. Folklore, Folkloric genealogies trace the ancestors of the Pashtuns to Qais Abdur Rashid and his three sons ''Saṛban'' (), ''Bēṭ'' (), and ''Gharghax̌t'' () as well as an adopted son, not directly adopted by Qais Abdul Rashid, but the identity of the adoptee, Karlāņ (), as well as the man who adopted him. According to some books written on the history of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and international security, security, to develop friendly Diplomacy, relations among State (polity), states, to promote international cooperation, and to serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of states in achieving those goals. The United Nations headquarters is located in New York City, with several other offices located in United Nations Office at Geneva, Geneva, United Nations Office at Nairobi, Nairobi, United Nations Office at Vienna, Vienna, and The Hague. The UN comprises six principal organizations: the United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, Security Council, the United Nations Economic and Social Council, Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the United Nations Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Indian Army
The Indian Army was the force of British Raj, British India, until Indian Independence Act 1947, national independence in 1947. Formed in 1895 by uniting the three Presidency armies, it was responsible for the defence of both British India and the princely states, which could also have their own Imperial Service Troops, armies. As stated in the ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', the "British Government has undertaken to protect the dominions of the Native princes from invasion and even from rebellion within: its army is organized for the defence not merely of British India, but of all possessions under the suzerainty of the Emperor of India, King-Emperor." The Indian Army was a vital part of the British Empire's military forces, especially in World War I and World War II. The Indian Presidencies and provinces of British India, Presidency armies were originally under East India Company command, and comprised the Bengal Army, Madras Army, and Bombay Army. After the Indian Rebellion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
