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Kandahar
Kandahar is a city in Afghanistan, located in the south of the country on Arghandab River, at an elevation of . It is Afghanistan's second largest city, after Kabul, with a population of about 614,118 in 2015. It is the capital of Kandahar Province and the centre of the larger cultural region called Loy Kandahar. The region around Kandahar is one of the oldest known areas of human settlement. A major fortified city existed at the site of Kandahar, probably as early as 1000–750 BC,F.R. Allchin (ed.)''The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The Emergence of Cities and States'' (Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp.127–130 and it became an important outpost of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC.Gérard Fussman"Kandahar II. Pre-Islamic Monuments and Remains", in ''Encyclopædia Iranica'', online edition, 2012 Alexander the Great laid the foundation of what is now Old Kandahar (in the southern section of the city) in the 4th century BC and named it Alexandria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Kandahar
Old Kandahar (locally known as Zorr Shaar, ; also Shahr-i-Kona, , meaning 'Old City') is a historical section of the city of Kandahar in southern Afghanistan. The citadel It is widely believed that after conquering Mundigak in 330 BC, Alexander the Great marched southeast with his army and laid out what is now Old Kandahar and named it Alexandria. The site was likely chosen as a way to protect its inhabitant from the occasional heavy sandstorms coming from nearby Reg District (Sand District). Others suggest that the foundation of the citadel was probably laid out during the Iron Age, and became a major fortress of the Achaemenid Empire. It served as the local seat of power for many rulers in the last 2,000 years. The region became part of many empires, including the Mauryans (322 BC–185 BC), Indo-Scythians (200 BC–400 AD), Sassanids, Arabs, Zunbils, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals, Safavids, Hotaks, and the Durranis. It was one of the main citie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirwais Hotak
Mirwais Khan Hotak (Pashto/Dari: ; 1673-1715) was an Afghan ruler from the Ghilji tribe of Pashtuns of Kandahar, Afghanistan, and the short-lived founder of the Hotak dynasty. In 1709, after overthrowing and assassinating George XI of Kartil, the Safavid Persian governor, Hotak declared independence of the Loy Kandahar region, now southern Afghanistan. Hotak is widely known as ''Mīrwais Nīkə'' () or ''Mīrwais Bābā'' ()—"Mirwais the Grandfather" in Pashto. Background George XI of Kartli was a Georgian-Safavid general who was defeated by the Safavid Empire for trying to revolt in Georgia, and lent his services to the empire. He was ordered to quell a suspected rebellion and to govern in Kandahar. The Safavid ruler Sultan Husayn strongly suspected the Ghilji had revolted and sent George to Kandahar ahead of a large Persian army. When he arrived, he saw that the Ghilji were not revolting, resisting oppression. Although the Ghilji were loyal to George, he preferred to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (; ; – 4 June 1772), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (), was the first ruler and founder of the Durrani Empire. He is often regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan. Throughout his reign, Ahmad Shah fought over fifteen major military campaigns. Nine of them being centered in India, three in Khorasan province, Khorasan, and three in Afghan Turkestan. Having rarely lost a battle, historians widely recognize Ahmad Shah as a brilliant military leader and tactician, typically being compared to rulers such as Mahmud of Ghazni, Babur, and as well as Nader Shah. Historian Hari Ram Gupta refers to Ahmad Shah as the "greatest general of Asia of his time", as well as one of the greatest conquerors in Asian history. Name and title His birth name was Ahmad Khan, born into the Durrani, Abdali tribe. After his accession to power in 1747, he became known as Ahmad Shah. His tribe also changed the name from Abdali, instead becoming the Durrani. Afghans often ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran border, west, Turkmenistan to the Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border, northwest, Uzbekistan to the Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border, north, Tajikistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, northeast, and China to the Afghanistan–China border, northeast and east. Occupying of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains Afghan Turkestan, in the north and Sistan Basin, the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kabul is the country's capital and largest city. Demographics of Afghanistan, Afghanistan's population is estimated to be between 36 and 50 million. Ancient history of Afghanistan, Human habitation in Afghanistan dates to the Middle Paleolithic era. Popularly referred to as the graveyard of empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kandahar University
Kandahar University (KDRU; ; ) is located in the north-western section of Kandahar, Afghanistan, next to the Lowala neighborhood. Established during the Presidency of Mohammad Najibullah in 1990, it is one of the largest public universities in the country. It is under the Ministry of Higher Education, which is headquartered in Kabul. The university was expanded in the last two decades with many new buildings and facilities being added. It also has a large library and a multipurpose sports ground. A 25 million afghanis development work on the university's campus is ongoing, which includes adding roads and sidewalks, and improving the overall landscape. Chancellors Toryalai Wesa, an Afghan Canadian who returned from Canada to Afghanistan and served as the governor of Kandahar Province from 2008 to 2014, was the first chancellor of Kandahar University. He was replaced by Hazrat Mir Totakhail. The current chancellor is Mohammad Ikram Shah Asim, who replaced Dr. Abdul Wahid Wasee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Districts Of Afghanistan
The districts of Afghanistan, known as ''wuleswali'' (, ''wuləswāləi''; , ''wuləswālī''; ''ulasvolik''), are secondary-level administrative units, one level below Provinces of Afghanistan, provinces. The Afghan government issued its first district map in 1973. It recognized 325 districts, counting ''wuleswalis'' (districts), ''alaqadaries'' (sub-districts), and ''markaz-e-wulaiyat'' (provincial center districts). In the ensuing years, additional districts have been added through splits, and some eliminated through merges. In June 2005, the Afghan government issued a map of 398 districts. It was widely adopted by many information management systems, though usually with the addition of ''Sharak-e-Hayratan'' for 399 districts in total. It remains the ''de facto'' standard as of late 2018, despite a string of government announcements of the creation of new districts. The latest announced set includes 421 districts. The country's Central Statistics Office (CSO) and the Indepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hotak Dynasty
The Hotak dynasty ( ) was an Afghan monarchy founded by Ghilji Pashtuns that briefly ruled portions of Iran and Afghanistan during the 1720s. It was established in April 1709 by Mirwais Hotak, who led a successful rebellion against the declining Persian Safavid empire in the region of Loy Kandahar ("Greater Kandahar") in what is now southern Afghanistan. In 1715, Mirwais died of natural causes and his brother Abdul Aziz succeeded him. He did not reign long as he was killed by his nephew Mahmud, who deposed the Safavid Shah and proclaimed his own rule over Iran. Mahmud in turn was succeeded by his cousin Ashraf following a palace coup in 1725. Ashraf also did not retain his throne for long, as the Iranian conqueror Nader-Qoli Beg (later Shah), leading the resurgent Safavid banner, defeated him at the Battle of Damghan of 1729. Ashraf Hotak was banished to what is now southern Afghanistan, confining Hotak rule to a small corner of their former empire. In 1738, Hotak rule ended ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taliban
, leader1_title = Supreme Leader of Afghanistan, Supreme leaders , leader1_name = {{indented plainlist, * Mullah Omar{{Natural Causes{{nbsp(1994–2013) * Akhtar Mansour{{Assassinated (2015–2016) * Hibatullah Akhundzada (2016–present) , leader2_title = Governing body , leader2_name = Leadership Council of Afghanistan, Leadership Council , clans = Primarily Pashtuns;{{Cite book , last=Giustozzi , first=Antonio , url=https://archive.org/details/decodingnewtalib00anto/page/249 , title=Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field , publisher=Columbia University Press , year=2009 , isbn=978-0-231-70112-9 , pag249}{{Cite book , last=Clements , first=Frank A. , title=Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict) , publisher=ABC-CLIO , year=2003 , isbn=978-1-85109-402-8 , page=219 minority Tajiks and Uzbeks , ideology = Majority: * Deobandi jihadism{{cite book, last=Maley, first=William, title=Fundamentalism Rebor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durrani Empire
The Durrani Empire, colloquially known as the Afghan Empire, or the Saddozai Kingdom, was an Afghanistan, Afghan empire founded by the Durrani tribe of Pashtuns under Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, which spanned parts of Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indian subcontinent. At its peak, it ruled over present-day Afghanistan, much of Pakistan, parts of northeastern and southeastern Iran, eastern Turkmenistan, and northwestern India. Next to the Ottoman Empire, the Durrani Empire is considered to be among the most significant List of Muslim states and dynasties, Islamic empires of the second half of the 18th century. Ahmad was the son of Muhammad Zaman Khan (an Afghan (ethnonym), Afghan chieftain of the Durrani, Abdali tribe) and the commander of Nader Shah, Nader Shah Afshar. Following Afshar's death in June 1747, Ahmad secured Afghanistan by taking Kandahar, Ghazni, Kabul, and Peshawar. After his accession as the nation's king, he changed his tribal name from ''Abdali'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loy Kandahar
Lōy Kandahār (, ) is a historical and cultural region of Afghanistan, comprising the modern Provinces of Afghanistan, Afghan provinces of Kandahar Province, Kandahar, Helmand Province, Helmand, Farah Province, Farah, Uruzgan Province, Uruzgan, as well as parts of Nimruz Province, Nimruz and Zabul Province, Zabul, and the Pashtuns, Pashtun majority northern part of Balochistan, Afghanistan, Balochistan including cities like Quetta, Chaman and many other areas (the latter known as "South Pashtunkhwa"). In 1709, Mirwais Hotak made the region an independent kingdom and turned Kandahar city into the capital of the Hotak dynasty. In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani, founder of the Durrani dynasty, made Kandahar the capital of the Durrani Empire, Afghan Empire. Loy Kandahar is vaguely defined by a common culture and history that is connected to the local indigenous tribes that reside in the region. Some people may refer to these areas as being under the "Kandahari cultural sphere of influence". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kandahar District
Kandahar District or Dand District is situated in the central part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, surrounding the city of Kandahar. It borders Panjwai District to the west, Arghandab District to the north, Shah Wali Kot District to the northeast and Daman District to the east and south. The population is 468,200 (2006). The district center is the city of Kandahar. History In March 2009, the Dand District Centre was destroyed by a suicide bombing by two Taliban insurgents. In December 2009 it was rebuilt by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Canadian civilian police of the Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team. The construction project was one of two major initiatives undertaken by the Canadians – the other was in Tahkta Pul (southeast of Kandahar city). Situated just outside the former Taliban capital Capital and its variations may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** Capital region, a metropolitan region containing t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandria Arachosia
Alexandria in Arachosia () also known as Alexandropolis (Ἀλεξανδρόπολις) was a city in ancient times that is now called Kandahar in Afghanistan. It was one of more than twenty cities founded or renamed by Alexander the Great. It was founded around 330 BC, on the foundations of an earlier Achaemenid fortress. Arachosia is the Greek name of an ancient province of the Achaemenid, Seleucid and Parthian empires. The province of ''Arachosia'' was centered around the Argandab valley in Kandahar. It did not reach the Hindu Kush, but it apparently extended east as far as the Indus River, although its exact extents are not yet clear. History Background The ancient region of Arachosia can be geographically defined as the territory within the drainage basins of the Helmand, Arghandab, Tarnak, and Arghestan rivers: in the north, it incorporated the area surrounding Ghazni; to the south, it was bordered by the Registan desert in the region of Gedrosia; in the west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
