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Tarakaniv Fortress
Tarakaniv Fort (), also known as Dubno fort () is a 19th-century fortress located next to Tarakaniv village in the Dubno Raion of Rivne Oblast, Ukraine. It was commissioned and built by Alexander II of the Russian Empire and can be found next to Lviv-Kyiv Highway M06 on the right bank of the Ikva river. The fortress could accommodate up to 800 people. History Building After the Third Partition of Poland in the end of the 18th century (1795), Russian and Austrian empires started to share a common border. In order to secure the western frontiers of the newly annexed lands, the government under the rule of Alexander II decided to build a fortress next to a railroad going from Kyiv to Lviv, not far from the town of Dubno. The construction, however, was postponed for about 50 years due to the French invasion of Russia and Crimean War. The building of hillforts and provisional earthworks of the fortress commenced in the 1860s under supervision of Crimean War (1853) veteran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fortress
A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ("strong") and ("to make"). From very early history to modern times, defensive walls have often been necessary for cities to survive in an ever-changing world of invasion and conquest. Some settlements in the Indus Valley Civilization were the first small cities to be fortified. In ancient Greece, large cyclopean stone walls fitted without mortar had been built in Mycenaean Greece, such as the ancient site of Mycenae. A Greek '' phrourion'' was a fortified collection of buildings used as a military garrison, and is the equivalent of the Roman castellum or fortress. These constructions mainly served the purpose of a watch tower, to guard certain roads, passes, and borders. Though smaller than a real fortress, they acted as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Highway M06 (Ukraine)
Highway M06 ( Ukrainian: Автошлях М06) is a Ukrainian international highway ( M-highway) connecting Kyiv to the Hungarian border near Chop, where it continues as Hungarian main road 4 to Záhony and Budapest. General overview The M06 is a major transnational corridor and along with the M03 combines into European route E40. The highway is also part of the Pan-European Transportation corridors III and V as well as the "Europe-Asia" Transportation corridor. It is the second longest route spanning over (see Roads in Ukraine). The M06 connects four major European routes: E40, E50, E85, and E95. History The route from Lemberg via Stryj to the then Austro-Hungarian border belonged until 1918 to the Austrian crown land of Galicia and was called the ''Stryjer Reichsstraße''. Description From Kyiv to Lviv the M06 is part of European route E40, European route E471 from Lviv to Mukachevo, European route E50 from Stryi ( Lviv Region) to Uzhhorod, and European ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southwestern Front (Russian Empire)
The Southwestern Front () was an army group of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I as part of the Eastern Front war theater. During the conflict it was responsible for managing operations along a front line that stretched 615 kilometers across Ukraine, starting from what is now southern Belarus to northern Romania. To its left side (south), there was located Romanian Front which was a joint formation of the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Romania. To its right side (north), there was located Northwestern Front which in 1915 split and Western Front was one that covered right flank of the Southwestern Front. The front was facing primarily against Austro-Hungarian Army and in few operations against Imperial German Army. In 1917 the headquarters of the Front was located in Berdychiv and later moved west to Rivne. It was established in August 1914 based on units of the Kiev Military District and the Odessa Military District and lasted throughout the war until the unre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Karbyshev
Dmitry Mikhaylovich Karbyshev (; — 18 February 1945) was a Red Army general, professor of the General Staff Academy (Russia), Soviet General Staff Academy (Doktor nauk, Doctor of Military Sciences), and Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). Biography Early years Karbyshev was born in Omsk to the well-known Siberian Cossacks, Siberian Cossack Starshyna family of Kryashen Tatar origin and spoke both Russian language, Russian and Tatar of Kryashen accent . His father died when he was twelve, and he was raised by his mother. Despite financial difficulties, he graduated from the Siberian Cadet Corps (today Omsk Cadet Corps of Ministry of Defense) in 1898 and went on to attend the Saint-Petersburg Nikolaev Military Engineering College (Uchilishche), from which he graduated in 1900. He was assigned to serve in the 1st East Siberian Sapper Battalion, in charge of battlefield telegraph operations (chief of cable section of a telegraph company), and was stationed in Manchuria. Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hard Labor
''Hard Labor'' is the eleventh album by American rock band Three Dog Night, released in 1974. For this album, the band replaced long-time producer Richard Podolor with Jimmy Ienner, who was known for his production work with the Raspberries. Cover artwork The original album cover, depicting the birth of a record album, was deemed too controversial and was first included with a manila file folder covering most of the cover. This was soon reworked with a huge Band-Aid covering the "birth". Subsequent printings had the Band-Aid printed directly on the cover. The packaging also includes an attached "birth record sheet" for the album. The CD reissue by MCA Records in the 1990s restored the cover to its original look showing the record. Reception Tom Von Malder of the ''Daily Herald'' called ''Hard Labor'' the band's finest record up to that point, applauding the production and finding the choice of songs representing the band at "its most competent, most mature level". Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concrete Degradation
Concrete degradation may have many different causes. Concrete is mostly damaged by the corrosion of reinforcement bars, the carbonatation of hardened cement paste or chloride attack under wet conditions. Chemical damage is caused by the formation of expansive products produced by chemical reactions (from carbonatation, chlorides, sulfates and distillate water), by aggressive chemical species present in groundwater and seawater (chlorides, sulfates, magnesium ions), or by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi...) Other damaging processes can also involve calcium leaching by water infiltration, physical phenomena initiating cracks formation and propagation, fire or radiant heat, aggregate expansion, sea water effects, leaching, and erosion by fast-flowing water. The most destructive agent of concrete structures and components is probably water. Indeed, water often directly participates in chemical reactions as a reagent and is always necessary as a solvent, or a reacting medium, makin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruble
The ruble or rouble (; rus, рубль, p=rublʲ) is a currency unit. Currently, currencies named ''ruble'' in circulation include the Russian ruble (RUB, ₽) in Russia and the Belarusian ruble (BYN, Rbl) in Belarus. These currencies are subdivided into one hundred kopeks. No kopek is currently formally subdivided, although '' denga'' (½ kopek) and ''polushka'' (½ denga, thus ¼ kopek) were minted until the 19th century. Additionally, the Transnistrian ruble is used in Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway province of Moldova. Historically, the grivna, ruble and denga were used in Russia as measurements of weight. In 1704, as a result of monetary reforms by Peter the Great, the imperial ruble of the Russian Empire became the first decimal currency. The silver ruble was used until 1897 and the gold ruble was used until 1917. The Soviet ruble officially replaced the imperial ruble in 1922 and continued to be used until 1993, when it was formally replaced with the Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hillfort
A hillfort is a type of fortification, fortified refuge or defended settlement located to exploit a rise in elevation for defensive advantage. They are typical of the late Bronze Age Europe, European Bronze Age and Iron Age Europe, Iron Age. Some were used in the post-Roman Empire, Roman period. The fortification usually follows the contours of a hill and consists of one or more lines of Earthworks (Archaeology), earthworks or stone Rampart (fortification), ramparts, with stockades or defensive walls, and external ditches. If enemies were approaching, the inhabitants would spot them from a distance. Prehistoric Europe saw a growing population. It has been estimated that in about 5000 BC during the Neolithic between 2 million and 5 million lived in Europe; in the Late Iron Age it had an estimated population of around 15 to 30 million. Outside Greece and Italy, which were more densely populated, the vast majority of settlements in the Iron Age were small, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crimean War
The Crimean War was fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Second French Empire, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont from October 1853 to February 1856. Geopolitical causes of the war included the "Eastern question" (Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, the decline of the Ottoman Empire, the "sick man of Europe"), expansion of Imperial Russia in the preceding Russo-Turkish wars, and the British and French preference to preserve the Ottoman Empire to maintain the European balance of power, balance of power in the Concert of Europe. The flashpoint was a dispute between France and Russia over the rights of Catholic Church, Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox minorities in Palestine (region), Palestine. After the Sublime Porte refused Nicholas I of Russia, Tsar Nicholas I's demand that the Empire's Orthodox subjects were to be placed unde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Invasion Of Russia
The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign (), the Second Polish War, and in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (), was initiated by Napoleon with the aim of compelling the Russian Empire to comply with the Continental System, continental blockade of the United Kingdom. Widely studied, Napoleon's incursion into Russia stands as a focal point in military history, recognized as among the list of battles by casualties, most devastating military endeavors globally. In a span of fewer than six months, the campaign exacted a staggering toll, claiming the lives of nearly a million soldiers and civilians. On 24 June 1812 and subsequent days, the initial wave of the multinational Grande Armée crossed the Neman River, marking the entry from the Duchy of Warsaw into Russia. Employing extensive forced marches, Napoleon rapidly advanced his army of nearly half a million individuals through European Russia, Western Russia, encompassing present-day Belarus, in a b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dubno
Dubno (, ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality located on the Ikva River in Rivne Oblast (oblast, province) of western Ukraine. It serves as the capital city, administrative center of Dubno Raion (raion, district). The city is located on intersection of two major European routes, E40 and E85. The city is estimated to have a population of . It is located within the historic region of Volhynia. In Soviet times it was home to the Cold War facility Dubno (air base), Dubno air base. The city is also famous for its Dubno Castle, castle. History Middle Ages First mentioned in a chronicle of 1100, when it was in possession of Yaroslav the Wise's grandson David of Brest , Dubno was even a seat of local princes for a short period of time. In 1240 the town was raided by the Mongol Empire, Mongols. In the early 14th century the region was the subject of Kingdom of Poland (1025-1385), Polish-Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuanian rivalry, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a Multinational state, multinational European Great Powers, great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the Habsburg monarchy, realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, it was the third most populous monarchy in Europe after the Russian Empire and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom, while geographically, it was the third-largest empire in Europe after the Russian Empire and the First French Empire. The empire was proclaimed by Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II in 1804 in response to Napoleon's declaration of the First French Empire, unifying all Habsburg monarchy, Habsburg possessions under one central government. It remained part of the Holy Roman Empire until the latter's dissolution in 1806. It continued fighting against Napoleon throughout the Napoleonic Wars, except for a period between 1809 and 1813, when Austria was first allied with Napoleon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
