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Tanjung Priok Massacre
The Tanjung Priok massacre was an incident that occurred on 12 September 1984, in the port area of Tanjung Priok, Jakarta, Indonesia. Government reports give a total of 24 killed and 54 injured, while survivors report over 100 killed when military personnel opened fire on protestors. Background On 10 September 1984, Sergeant Hermanu, a member of the Community Advisory Non-Commissioned Officer () arrived at As Saadah Mosque in Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta, and told the caretaker, Amir Biki, to remove brochures and banners critical of the government. Biki refused, so Hermanu removed them himself; to do so, he reportedly entered the prayer area of the mosque without removing his shoes (a serious violation of mosque etiquette). In response, local residents, led by mosque caretakers Syarifuddin Rambe and Sofwan Sulaeman, burned his motorcycle and attacked Hermanu while he was talking with another officer. The two then arrested Rambe and Sulaeman, as well as another caretaker, Achmad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanjung Priok
Tanjung Priok is a district in the administrative city of North Jakarta, Indonesia. It hosts the western part of the city's main harbor, the Port of Tanjung Priok (located in Tanjung Priok District and Koja District). The district of Tanjung Priok is bounded by Ir. Wiyoto Wiyono Toll Road and Sunter River canal to the east, by Kali Japat, Kali Ancol, and the former Kemayoran Airport to the southwest, by Sunter Jaya Road and Sunter Kemayoran Road to the south, and by Jakarta Bay to the north. History Before human development, the coastal area of what is now Tanjung Priok was an area of brackish water with swamp and mangrove forest. The old harbor of Jakarta During the colonial era, Batavia at first relied on the Sunda Kelapa harbor area. This meant that Batavia had a harbor system like many others cities. I.e. an anchorage at sea at some distance from the city, and a city harbor where smaller ships could attach to a quay. It meant that big ships like the Dutch East Indiamen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Defenders Front
The Islamic Defenders Front (; ) was an Indonesian hardline Islamist organization founded in 1998 by Muhammad Rizieq Shihab with backing from military and political figures. Since 2015, Ahmad Shabri Lubis has been the organization's leader, while Rizieq Shihab holds the title of ''Grand Imam'' (Indonesian: ''Imam Besar'') of the FPI for life. The FPI originally positioned itself as an Islamic religious police, mostly by conducting illegal and unauthorized vigilante operations. It also acted as an Islamist pressure group with prominent social media activism and mass mobilizations against pro-government activists, ethnic Chinese, Christian minority, as well as liberal and reformist politicians. The organization staged a number of religious and political mass protests, including the November 2016 Jakarta protests and other rallies against the then-Jakarta governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama. The FPI also rallied outside the American Embassy in Jakarta in 2003 in order to condemn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Special Rapporteur
Special rapporteur (or independent expert) is the title given to independent human rights experts whose expertise is called upon by the United Nations (UN) to report or advise on human rights from a thematic or country-specific perspective. Depending on the specific mandate, there can also be working groups composed of an independent expert from each of the five UN regional groupings: Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, and the Western group. Their work falls within the scope of "special procedure" mechanisms under the United Nations Human Rights Council, and their contributions can advance human rights through a variety of activities, including, but not limited to improving access to redress, policy reform, mainstreaming human rights, raising human rights awareness, and acting to prevent or cease rights violations. The mandate by the United Nations has been to "examine, monitor, advise, and publicly report" on human rights problems through "activit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Indonesia
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia () is the independent judicial arm of the state. It maintains a system of courts and sits above the other courts and is the final court of appeal. It can also re-examine cases if new evidence emerges. Jurisdiction The Supreme Court is independent as of the third amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia. The Supreme Court has oversight over the high courts (''Pengadilan Tinggi'') and district courts (''Pengadilan Negeri''). There are about 68 high courts: 31 General Courts, 29 Religious Courts, 4 Administrative Courts and 4 Military Courts. There are around 250 district courts with additional district courts being created from time to time.In late 2011, the former chief justice of the Supreme Court, Harifin A. Tumpa, said that the Indonesian government could only aim to establish district courts in 400 of the nation's 530 provinces, regencies (''kabupaten'') and municipalities (''kotamadya''). The Supreme Court is the final cour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ismail Saleh
Lieutenant General Ismail Saleh (7 November 1926 – 21 October 2008) was Prosecutor General and later Minister of Justice of Indonesia. Biography Saleh was born in Pati, Central Java on 7 November 1926. He graduated from a school for native Indonesians in 1941. Four years later, he graduated from the Middle School of Agriculture, and in 1950 he graduated from high school; during high school he enrolled in the army. His first position in the army was in intelligence, serving with Third Division in Yogyakarta. In 1948, he transferred to the Ronggolawe Squad of Fifth Division in Pati and Wonosobo. After finishing his education, he switched to the legal division in 1950. Rising through the ranks, by 1964 he was mid-level officer in the investigative division. In 1967 Saleh became active in politics, serving as Cabinet Presidium Secretary from 1967 to 1968. This was followed by posts as Deputy Cabinet Secretary for Government Administration in 1972, Cabinet Secretary in 1978, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suharto
Suharto (8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian Officer (armed forces), military officer and politician, and dictator, who was the second and longest serving president of Indonesia, serving from 1967 to 1998. His 32 years rule, characterised as authoritarian and kleptocratic, was marked by widespread corruption, political repression, and human rights abuses. Suharto's regime Fall of Suharto, ultimately collapsed in 1998 amid May 1998 riots of Indonesia, mass protests, violent unrest, and the fallout of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, leading to his resignation. Suharto was born in Kemusuk, near the city of Yogyakarta, during the Dutch East Indies, Dutch colonial era. He grew up in humble circumstances. His Javanese people, Javanese Muslim parents divorced not long after his birth, and he lived with foster parents for much of his childhood. During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Japanese occupation, Suharto served in the Japanese-organized Indones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Rupiah
The rupiah (Currency symbol, symbol: Rp; ISO 4217, currency code: IDR) is the official currency of Indonesia, issued and controlled by Bank Indonesia. Its name is derived from the Sanskrit word for silver, (). Sometimes, Indonesians also informally use the word ( in Indonesian language, Indonesian) in referring to rupiah in coins. The rupiah is divided into 100 Cent (currency), cents (), although high inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in cents obsolete. The rupiah was introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists Indonesian National Revolution, fighting for independence. It replaced the Japanese government-issued currency in the Dutch East Indies, Japanese-issued version of the Netherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years, the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdurrahman Wahid
Abdurrahman Wahid ( ; né ad-Dakhil, 7 September 1940 – 30 December 2009), more colloquially known as Gus Dur (), was an Indonesian politician and Islam in Indonesia, Islamic Kyai, religious leader who served as the fourth president of Indonesia, from his 1999 Indonesian presidential election, election in 1999 until he was Impeachment of Abdurrahman Wahid, removed from office in 2001. A long time leader within the Nahdlatul Ulama organization, he was the founder of the National Awakening Party (PKB). He was the son of Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia), Minister of Religious Affairs Wahid Hasyim, and the grandson of Nahdatul Ulama founder Hasyim Asy'ari. Due to a visual impairment caused by glaucoma, he was blind in the left eye and partially blind in his right eye. He was the first (and to date only) president of Indonesia to have had physical disabilities. Wahid was instrumental in lifting the ban on Chinese New Year (). Until 1998, the spiritual practice to celebrate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ad Hoc
''Ad hoc'' is a List of Latin phrases, Latin phrase meaning literally for this. In English language, English, it typically signifies a solution designed for a specific purpose, problem, or task rather than a Generalization, generalized solution adaptable to collateral instances (compare with ''a priori and a posteriori, a priori''). Common examples include ad hoc committees and commissions created at the national or international level for a specific task, and the term is often used to describe arbitration (ad hoc arbitration). In other fields, the term could refer to a military unit created under special circumstances (see ''task force''), a handcrafted network protocol (e.g., ad hoc network), a temporary collaboration among geographically-linked franchise locations (of a given national brand) to issue advertising coupons, or a purpose-specific equation in mathematics or science. Ad hoc can also function as an adjective describing temporary, provisional, or improvised methods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crescent Star Party (Indonesia)
The Crescent Star Party () is a conservative political party in Indonesia based on Islam and Muslim values.Al-Hamdi, Ridho (2017). ''Moving towards a Normalised Path: Political Islam in Contemporary Indonesia''. JURNAL STUDI PEMERINTAHAN (Journal of Givernment & Politics). Vol. 8 No. 1, February 2017. pp. 53, 57, 62. History The party's origins go back to the banning of the Islamic Masyumi Party by Sukarno in 1960. After the ban, supporters and followers of the party established the Crescent Star Family (''Keluarga Bulan Bintang'') to continue to press for the implementation of Sharia law and Islamic teaching in Indonesia. Following the fall of Sukarno and the transition to the New Order in which Suharto came to power, members of the organization wanted to revive the Masyumi Party, but this was not allowed by the new regime. In the 1970s, in a meeting in Malang, a new party called Parmusi (''Partai Muslimin Indonesia'', Muslim Party of Indonesia) was formed. It came fourth in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 East Timorese Crisis
The 1999 East Timorese crisis began with attacks by pro-Indonesia militia groups on civilians, and expanded to general violence throughout the country, centred in the capital Dili. The violence intensified after a majority of eligible East Timorese voters 1999 East Timorese independence referendum, voted for independence from Indonesia. A Scorched Earth Operation by militia groups destroyed 80% of Dili's infrastructure. At least 1,400 civilians are believed to have been murdered both before and after voting. A UN-authorized force (INTERFET) consisting mainly of Australian Defence Force personnel was deployed to East Timor to establish and maintain peace. Background Independence for East Timor, or even limited regional autonomy, was not allowable under Suharto's New Order. Notwithstanding Indonesian public opinion in the 1990s occasionally showing begrudging appreciation of the Timorese position, it was widely feared that an independent East Timor would destabilise Indonesian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yusril Ihza Mahendra
Yusril Ihza Mahendra (born 5 February 1956) is an Indonesian lawyer, politician and academic, who served as the leader of the Crescent Star Party (PBB) from 2015 to 2024. Previously, he served as the leader of the PBB from 1998 until 2005, Minister of Justice and Human Rights from 2004 until 2007 and 2024 until 2029, and member of the People's Representative Council from 1999 until 2009. Born on 5 February 1956, he attended the University of Indonesia. Graduating with a Bachelor's Degree in Philosophy. He would go on to work as a speechwriter for presidents Suharto and B. J. Habibie. He founded the PBB in 1998, and was later elected a member of the People's Representative Council in the 1999 legislative elections, and was subsequently appointed as Minister of Justice and Human Rights in 2001 by president Megawati Sukarnoputri. He served as minister until 2004, when he became the State Secretary of Indonesia, going on to serve from 2004 until 2007. Yusril is married with Rika ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
