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Tabahatan
The ''Ṭabahatan'' (), also known as the ''Abahatan Qadmaiia'',. is one of the most commonly recited prayers in Mandaeism, in which the reciter asks for the forgiveness of sins. As a commemoration prayer with a long list of names, the prayer starts with the line ''ṭab ṭaba l-ṭabia'' (). A different version of this prayer is found in DC 42, ''Šarḥ ḏ-Ṭabahata'' ("The Scroll of Ṭabahata" arents, which is used during Parwanaya rituals. The ''Ṭabahatan'' prayer is numbered as Prayer 170 in E. S. Drower's version of the Qulasta, which was based on manuscript 53 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 53). The ''Šal Šulta'' (Prayer 171) directly follows the ''Ṭabahatan'' prayer. Prayer Drower's (1959) version of the Tabahatan lists the following uthras and ancestors. See also *'' Scroll of the Ancestors'' * Brakha (daily prayer in Mandaeism) *'' Asut Malkia'' * Shumhata * Rahma (Mandaeism) *Qulasta * List of Qulasta prayers * Litany of the Saints *Intercessio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scroll Of The Ancestors
The ''Scroll of the Ancestors'' ( ) is a Mandaean religious text that describes the rituals of the Ṭabahata (ancestors') masiqta, held during the 5-day Parwanaya festival. Manuscripts Copies of the scroll include Manuscript 42 of the Drower Collection (DC 42), currently held at the Bodleian Library. The scroll was originally transcribed in 1743 and has 834 lines. It is similar to Prayer 170 of the Qulasta, but some names are different. DC 42 verso, copied at Basra in 1248 A.H. (1832–3 A.D.), contains six texts: *''Šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania b-iuma ḏ- paruanaiia'' *''Aprišata ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania ḏ-tarmida ʿu ganzibra kḏ napiq'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-ṭabahata qria b-šuma ḏ-gabrauʿnta'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-dukrana ḏ-šumaiia'' *''Šarḥ ḏ- zidqa brika ḏ- paruanaiia'' Ṭabahata Masiqta The Ṭabahata Masiqta, or the "masiqta of the Parents", is held only once a year during the Parwanaya intercalary festival. Priests recite dozen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rahma (Mandaeism)
In Mandaeism, a rahma (; plural form: ''rahmia'' ) is a daily devotional prayer that is recited during a specific time of the day or specific day of the week. There is a total of approximately 60 rahma prayers, which together make up the '' Eniania ḏ-Rahmia'' ( modern Mandaic: ''Enyāni d-Rahmi''), a section of the Qulasta that follows the '' Asut Malkia'' prayer. Translations E. S. Drower's version of the Qulasta, the ''Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans'', has 64 rahma prayers translated into English that are numbered from 106 to 169. In Drower's ordering, the rahma prayers directly follow the '' Asut Malkia'' prayer (''CP'' 105), while the '' Ṭabahatan'' prayer (''CP'' 170) comes after the rahma prayers. Part 1 of the Oxford Collection in Mark Lidzbarski's '' Mandäische Liturgien'' (1920) contains 60 rahma prayers translated into German that correspond to prayers 106–160 and 165–169 in Drower (1959).Lidzbarski, Mark. 1920. ''Mandäische Liturgien''. Abhandlungen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qulasta
The Qulasta, also spelled Qolastā in older sources (; ), is a compilation of Mandaean prayers. The Mandaic word ''qolastā'' means "collection". The prayerbook is a collection of Mandaic prayers regarding baptisms ('' maṣbuta'') and other sacred rituals involved in the ascension of the soul ('' masiqta''). In Mandaic, individual prayers are generally called ''buta'' (plural form: ''bawata''), although some prayers also known as ''qaiamta'', ''šrita'' (loosing or deconsecration prayers), and other Mandaic designations. There is no standardized version of the Qulasta; different versions can contain varying numbers of prayers, and ordering of the prayers can also vary. The most commonly used Qulasta versions are those of E. S. Drower (1959 English translation) and Mark Lidzbarski (1920 German translation). The most complete versions have approximately 340 prayers, excluding duplicates. Eric Segelberg (1958) contains a detailed study of many of the first 90 Qulasta prayers (m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shumhata
The Shumhata () is one of the most commonly recited prayers in Mandaeism.Choheili, Shadan. Rishama and Barakha Rituals'. Liverpool, NSW: Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi. The Shumhata is numbered as Prayer 173 in E. S. Drower's version of the Qulasta, which was based on manuscript 53 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 53). Prayer Like the ''Asut Malkia'', the ''Shumhata'' is a litany which lists following the names (in Drower's 1959 version). #Hayyi Rabbi and Manda d-Hayyi #''aina'' (well-spring) #''sindirka'' (date palm or sandarac tree) #Shishlam Rabba # Ezlat # Yawar # Simat Hayyi #Yukabar #Mana and his counterpart #Great Mystery, the mystic Word #S'haq Ziwa # Sam Each of the names is followed by the phrase "is pronounced upon thee" (). See also *Brakha (daily prayer in Mandaeism) *''Asut Malkia'' *''Tabahatan'' * Rushuma *Rahma (Mandaeism) *Qulasta *List of Qulasta prayers *Rishama (ablution) *Tamasha (ablution) In Mandaeism, tamasha or ṭamaša () is an ablution ritual th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asut Malkia
The ''Asut Malkia'' ("Salutation of Kings") is one of the most commonly recited prayers in Mandaeism. In the prayer, the reciter wishes health and victory (''asuta u-zakuta'' ) upon dozens of heavenly and ancestral figures. According to E. S. Drower, it is recited daily by priests and also before all baptisms (''masbuta''), ritual meals ('' lofani''), and various rites. The ''Asut Malkia'' is numbered as Prayer 105 in E. S. Drower's version of the Qulasta, which was based on manuscript 53 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 53). Etymology ''Asut'' or ''asuta'' can be literally translated as 'healing' and can also mean 'salutation' or 'greeting', while ''malkia'' means 'kings' (singular form: ''malka''). Similarly, Mandaeans typically greet other individual Mandaeans with the phrase: :''Asuta nihuilak'' () Multiple people are greeted using the plural form: :''Asuta nihuilkun'' () Prayer The formula ''asuta u-zakuta nihuilkun'' ( "health and victory are yours") is recited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmut
In Mandaeism, a dmuta () or dmut is a spiritual counterpart or "mirror image" in the World of Light. People, spirits, and places are often considered to have both earthly and heavenly counterparts (''dmuta'') that can dynamically interact with each other. A few examples include: *The heavenly Adam Kasia corresponding to the earthly Adam Pagria *The heavenly Piriawis (or "Great Jordan") corresponding to earthly ''yardnas'' (rivers) *Abatur Rama ("Lofty Abatur") corresponding to Abatur Muzania ("Abatur of the Scales") A dmuta dwells in the Mshunia Kushta, a section of the World of Light. Merging of the soul A successful masiqta merges the incarnate soul ( ) and spirit ( ) from the Earth (Tibil) into a new merged entity in the World of Light called the ''ʿuṣṭuna''. The ''ʿuṣṭuna'' can then reunite with its heavenly, non-incarnate counterpart (or spiritual image), the ''dmuta'', in the World of Light, where it will reside in the world of ideal counterparts called the ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noah
Noah (; , also Noach) appears as the last of the Antediluvian Patriarchs (Bible), patriarchs in the traditions of Abrahamic religions. His story appears in the Hebrew Bible (Book of Genesis, chapters 5–9), the Quran and Baháʼí literature, Baha'i writings, and extra-canonical, extracanonically. The Genesis flood narrative is among the best-known stories of the Bible. In this account, God "regrets" making mankind because they filled the world with evil. Noah then labors faithfully to build the Noah's Ark, Ark at God's command, ultimately saving not only his own family, but mankind itself and all land animals, from extinction during the Great Flood, Flood. Afterwards, God makes a Covenant (biblical), covenant with Noah and promises never again to destroy the earth with a flood. Noah is also portrayed as a "tiller of the soil" who is the first to cultivate the vine. After the flood, God commands Noah and his sons to "be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth." The sto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brakha
Daily prayer in Mandaeism, called brakha in Mandaic (cognate with Hebrew ''berakhah'' and Arabic ''barakah'') or occasionally ''birukta'' (''birukhta''), consists of set prayers that are recited three times per day. Mandaeans stand facing north while reciting daily prayers. Unlike in Islam and Eastern Christianity, prostration is not practiced. Mandaean priests recite rahma prayersLidzbarski, Mark. 1920. ''Mandäische Liturgien''. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, phil.-hist. Klasse, NF 17.1. Berlin. three times every day, while laypeople also recite the '' Rushuma'' (signing prayer) and '' Asut Malkia'' ("Healing of Kings") daily. When priests lead laypeople during prayers, laypeople repeat each word or phrase of a prayer after the priest, similar to certain parts of Roman Catholic masses. In Mandaic, the generic term for an individual prayer is ''buta'' (plural form: ''bawata'' ). Prayer times The three prayer times in Mandaeism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zazai-d-Gawazta
Zazai of Gawazta (Zazai ḏ-Gawazta, ; also Zazai ḏ-Gawazta bar Hawa, or Zazai of Gawazta, son of Naṭar) was a 3rd-century Mandaean priest. He is listed as the first copyist in the colophons of many Mandaean texts. Zazai of Gawazta is mentioned as the first copyist in colophons 1 (CP 1–74), 4 (CP 104–169), 5 (CP 170–199), and 8 (CP 305–329) of DC 53. He is also attested in the colophons of '' 1012 Questions'', ''Scroll of Exalted Kingship'', ''Baptism of Hibil Ziwa'', ''Zihrun Raza Kasia'', '' Alma Rišaia Zuṭa'', and '' Dmut Kušṭa''. In the colophon of the '' Left Ginza'', Zazai's son and/or initiate Ṭabia (lit. 'gazelle') is listed as a copyist, but not Zazai himself. Zazai of Gawazta was a contemporary of Sasanian Emperor Bahram I (), who persecuted non-Zoroastrian minorities and was known for his execution of Mani. Zazai of Gawazta's role in initiating the systematic codification of Mandaean texts can be seen as an effort to protect Mandaeism during a tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnarch
Ethnarch (pronounced , also ethnarches, ) is a term that refers generally to political leadership over a common ethnic group or homogeneous kingdom. The word is derived from the Greek language, Greek words (''Ethnic group, ethnos'', "tribe/nation") and (''archon'', "leader/ruler"). ''Strong's Concordance'' gives the definition of 'ethnarch' as "the governor (not king) of a district". Antiquity The title first appeared in the Hellenistic Middle East, possibly in Judea.Kazhdan (1991), p. 734 In the 1 Maccabees, First book of Maccabees the word is used three times (1 Maccabees 14:47 and 15:1-2), where Simon Thassi is referred to as the High Priest of Israel, high priest and ethnarch of the Judeans. :el:Γεώργιος Γρατσέας, Γεώργιος Γρατσέας. ''"Έθνάρχης."'' Θρησκευτική και Ηθική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια (:el:Θρησκευτική και Ηθική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια, ΘΗΕ). Τόμος 5 (Διοκλητιανό ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganzibria
A ganzibra (singular form in , plural form in , literally 'treasurer' in Mandaic; ) is a high priest in Mandaeism. Tarmidas, or junior priests, rank below the ganzibras.Drower, E. S. 1960. ''The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Symbolically, ganzibras are considered to be uthras on earth (Tibil). Their responsibilities include performing masbuta, masiqta, wedding ceremonies, and other rituals, all of which can only be performed by priests. They must prepare their own food to maintain ritual purity. Ganzibra priests are also prohibited from consuming stimulants such as wine, tobacco, and coffee. Ordination The ganzibras go through an elaborate set of initiation rituals that are separate from those performed for the tarmidas. According Drower (1937), a ganzibra can only be initiated immediately before the death of a pious member of the Mandaean community. Two ganzibras and two shgandas are required to perform the initiation. Drower, E. S. 1937. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Priest
A Mandaean priest or ''Tarmida'' () refers to an ordained religious leader in Mandaeism. Overview All priests must undergo lengthy ordination ceremonies, beginning with tarmida initiation. Mandaean religious leaders and copyists of religious texts hold the title in Arabic, Sheikh. In Iran, they are also occasionally referred to as Mullah. All Mandaean communities traditionally require the presence of a priest, since priests are required to officiate over all important religious rituals, including masbuta, masiqta, birth and wedding ceremonies. Priests also serve as teachers, scribes, and community leaders. Many Mandaean diaspora communities do not have easy access to priests. Due to the shortage of priests in the Mandaean diaspora, ''halala'' () or learned Mandaean laymen who are ritually clean (both individually and in terms of family background) can sometimes assume minor roles typically assumed by ordained priests. Such laymen taking on limited priestly roles are called ''paisa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
