|
Synthetoceratinae
Synthetoceratinae is an extinct subfamily of Protoceratidae, deer-like herbivorous mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla. They were endemic to North America during the Miocene epoch, living 23.03—3.9 Ma, existing for approximately . Taxonomy Synthetoceratinae was named by Frick (1937). Its type genus is ''Synthetoceras''. It was considered monophyletic by Webb ''et al.'' (2003). It was assigned to Protoceratidae by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998),D. R. Prothero. 1998. Protoceratidae. In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), ''Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America'' 431-438 Webb et al. (2003),S. D. Webb, B. L. Beatty, and G. Poinar, Jr. 2003. ''New evidence of Miocene Protoceratidae including a new species from Chiapas, Mexico. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History'' 279:348-367 Hulbert and Whitmore (2006)R. C. Hulbert and F. C. Whitmore. 2006. Late Miocene mammals from the Mauvilla Local Fauna, Alabama.' Bulletin of the Florida Museu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synthetoceratini
Synthetoceratini is an extinct tribe of the subfamily Synthetoceratinae within the family Protoceratidae belonging to the order Artiodactyla endemic to North America during the Miocene, living epoch 20.6—4.9 Ma, existing for approximately . Taxonomy Synthetoceratini was named by Webb (1981). Its type is ''Synthetoceras''. It was assigned to Synthetoceratinae by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998), Webb ''et al.'' (2003) and Prothero and Ludtke (2007).D. R. Prothero and J. A. Ludtke. 2007. Family Protoceratidae. in D. R. Prothero and S. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls 169-176 Members ''Lambdoceras'', ''Prosynthetoceras'', ''Synthetoceras ''Synthetoceras tricornatus'' is a large, extinct protoceratid, endemic to North America ( Nebraska ) during the Late Miocene, 10.3—5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . Fossils have been recovered from Nebraska and Texas Texas (, ; Spa ...'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4050514 Protoceratids Miocene even-toed ungulates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lambdoceras
''Lambdoceras'' is an extinct genus of Protoceratidae belonging to the order Artiodactyla (subfamily Synthetoceratinae) endemic to North America during the Miocene, living epoch 20.6—13.6 Ma, existing for approximately . Taxonomy A description of the genus ''Lambdoceras'' by Ruben A. Stirton was published in 1967. Its type is ''Lambdoceras hessei''. It was synonymized subjectively with ''Prosynthetoceras'' by Patton (1969), Patton and Taylor (1971) and Patton and Taylor (1973). It was assigned to Protoceratidae by Stirton (1967), Tedford et al. (1987) and Albright (1999); and to Synthetoceratini Synthetoceratini is an extinct tribe of the subfamily Synthetoceratinae within the family Protoceratidae belonging to the order Artiodactyla endemic to North America during the Miocene, living epoch 20.6—4.9 Ma, existing for approximately . T ... by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998), Webb et al. (2003) and Prothero and Ludtke (2007).D. R. Prothero and J. A. Ludtke. 2007. Family Proto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyptoceratini
Kyptoceratini is an extinct tribe of the subfamily Synthetoceratinae, deer-like mammals within the family Protoceratidae belonging to the order Artiodactyla, endemic to North America during the Miocene through Pliocene, living 23.03—3.6 Ma, existing for approximately . Taxonomy Kyptoceratini is a sister taxa to Synthetoceratini. Kyptoceratini was named by Webb (1981). Its type is ''Kyptoceras''. It was assigned to Synthetoceratinae by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998), Webb ''et al.'' (2003) and Prothero and Ludtke (2007).D. R. Prothero and J. A. Ludtke. 2007. Family Protoceratidae. in D. R. Prothero and S. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls 169-176 Members '' Kyptoceras'' (type genus), ''Syndyoceras ''Syndyoceras'' is a small extinct genus of Artiodactyla, of the family Protoceratidae, endemic to central North America from the Miocene epoch (24.8—20.6 Ma), existing for approximately . Taxonomy ''Syndyoceras'' was named by Barbour ...'' References {{Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protoceratidae
Protoceratidae is an extinct family of herbivorous North American artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) that lived during the Eocene through Pliocene at around 46.2—4.9 Mya, existing for about 41 million years. Classification Protoceratidae was erected by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1891, with the type genus ''Protoceras'' and assigned to the Artiodactyla. It was later assigned to Pecora, and more recently to Ruminantia or Tylopoda. However, recently a relationship to chevrotains in the infraorder Tragulina has been proposed. Morphology When alive, protoceratids would have resembled deer, though they were not directly related. Protoceratids ranged from 1 to 2 m in length, from about the size of a roe deer to an elk. Unlike many modern ungulates, they lacked cannon bones in their legs. Their dentition was similar to that of modern deer and cattle, suggesting they fed on tough grasses and similar foods, with a complex stomach similar to that of camels. At least some forms are beli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syndyoceras
''Syndyoceras'' is a small extinct genus of Artiodactyla, of the family Protoceratidae, endemic to central North America from the Miocene epoch (24.8—20.6 Ma), existing for approximately . Taxonomy ''Syndyoceras'' was named by Barbour (1905). Its type is ''Syndyoceras cooki''. It was assigned to Protoceratidae by Barbour (1905) and Carroll (1988); and to Kyptoceratini by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998), Webb ''et al.'' (2003) and Prothero and Ludtke (2007). Morphology The skull decoration of ''Syndyoceras'' looked quite unlike those of a deer. It had two pairs of horns. The first was a V-shaped pair on the snout, fused at the base. The second pair was placed between the eyes and the ears and was curved inwards, the horns facing towards each other in a semicircular shape. Like giraffe ossicones, these protrusions were covered with skin. They were probably used for display and fighting. In addition to the horns, ''Syndyoceras'' also possessed tusk-like canine teeth, tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene Mammals Of North America
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miocene Even-toed Ungulates
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synthetoceras
''Synthetoceras tricornatus'' is a large, extinct protoceratid, endemic to North America ( Nebraska ) during the Late Miocene, 10.3—5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . Fossils have been recovered from Nebraska and Texas Texas (, ; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2 .... Description With a length of and a mass of , ''Synthetoceras'' was the largest member of its family. It was also the last, and had what is considered to be the protoceratids' strangest set of horns.Geist, V. (1966). The Evolution of Horn-Like Organs. Behaviour, 27(1-2), 175–214. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853966x00155 The two horns above its eyes looked fairly normal and similar to those of many modern horned mammals, but on its snout it had a bizarre, long horn with a forked tip that gave it a Y shape. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosynthetoceras
''Prosynthetoceras'' is an extinct genus of Artiodactyla, of the family Protoceratidae, endemic to North America. It lived from the Early to Middle Miocene 20.6—13.6 Ma, existing for approximately . In appearance, ''Prosynthetoceras'' looked much like '' Syndyoceras'', '' Kyptoceras'', and ''Synthetoceras ''Synthetoceras tricornatus'' is a large, extinct protoceratid, endemic to North America ( Nebraska ) during the Late Miocene, 10.3—5.3 Ma, existing for approximately . Fossils have been recovered from Nebraska and Texas Texas (, ; S ...'' with three horns, one on the snout, and two above the eyes. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q7251128 Protoceratids Serravallian extinctions Miocene even-toed ungulates Miocene mammals of North America Aquitanian genus first appearances Fossil taxa described in 1967 Prehistoric even-toed ungulate genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily ( Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoological names with "-inae". See also * International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants The ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (ICN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms, all those "trad ... * International Code of Zoological Nomenclature * Rank (botany) * Rank (zoology) Sources {{biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyptoceras
''Kyptoceras'' is a small extinct artiodactyl ungulate mammal of the family Protoceratidae, endemic to southeastern North America from the Miocene to Early Pliocene epoch 23.03—3.6 Ma, existing for approximately .D. R. Prothero and J. A. Ludtke. 2007. Family Protoceratidae. in D. R. Prothero and S. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls 169-176 The species name, ''amatorum'', comes in honor of all amateur fossil collectors, including Frank Garcia (Ruskin, Florida) the amateur who found it and donated it to the Florida Museum of Natural History. Taxonomy ''Kyptoceras'' is the last known member of the family. The protoceratids were believed to have been driven to extinction by more advanced grazing herbivores, but in Florida, where there were still relatively large tracts of forest, the protoceratids were able to survive. The genus name comes from its bent horns, in which the two horns above the eyes curved over its head, and the two nasal horns pointed forward. Fossil dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
