|
Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)
Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 4 in E-flat major, WAB 104, is one of the composer's most popular works. It was written in 1874 and revised several times through 1888. It was dedicated to Prince Konstantin of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. It was premiered in 1881 by Hans Richter (conductor), Hans Richter in Vienna to great acclaim. The symphony's nickname of ''Romantic'' was used by the composer himself. This was at the height of the Romantic movement in the arts as depicted, amongst others, in the operas ''Lohengrin (opera), Lohengrin'' and ''Siegfried (opera), Siegfried'' of Richard Wagner.Constantin Floros, as reported in According to Albert Speer, the symphony was performed before the Battle of Berlin, fall of Berlin, in a concert on 12 April 1945. Speer chose the symphony as a signal that the Nazis were about to lose the war. Description The symphony has four movement (music), movements. Bruckner revised the symphony multiple times and it exists in three major versions. The i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-flat Major
E-flat major is a major scale based on E, consisting of the pitches E, F, G, A, B, C, and D. Its key signature has three flats. Its relative minor is C minor, and its parallel minor is E minor, (or enharmonically D minor). The E-flat major scale is: Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E-flat harmonic major and melodic major scales are: Scale degree chords The scale degree chords of E-flat major are: * Tonic – E-flat major * Supertonic – F minor * Mediant – G minor * Subdominant – A-flat major * Dominant – B-flat major * Submediant – C minor * Leading-tone – D diminished Characteristics The key of E-flat major is often associated with bold, heroic music, in part because of Ludwig van Beethoven's usage. His ''Eroica Symphony'', ''Emperor Concerto'' and ''Grand Sonata'' are all in this key. Beethoven's (hypothetical) 10th Symphony is also in E-flat. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruckner Gesamtausgabe
The ''Bruckner Gesamtausgabe'' (Brucker's Complete Edition) is a critical edition of the works of Anton Bruckner. Published by ' in Vienna, it comprises three successive editions. *''Alte Gesamtausgabe'' (1930–1944, Editorial Head: Robert Haas)This first edition (12 volumes issued) included 'hybrid' scores for Symphonies Nos. 2 and 8 and other similar conflations for some other revised works (Mass No. 3). *''Neue Gesamtausgabe'' (1951–1989, Editorial Head: Leopold Nowak)In this new edition Nowak ''et al.'' went about publishing several versions of some works, in the process correcting some mistakes of Haas. From 1990 onwards (Editorial Head: Herbert Vogg), William Carragan, Paul Hawkshaw, Benjamin-Gunnar Cohrs ''et al.'' were in the process of reviewing and further correcting the work of Haas and Nowak. *''Anton Bruckner Gesamtausgabe'' (Editorial board: Paul Hawkshaw, Thomas Leibnitz, Andreas Lindner, Angela Pachovsky, Thomas Röder)In 2011 it has been decided to issue a ne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuplet
In music, a tuplet (also irrational rhythm or groupings, artificial division or groupings, abnormal divisions, irregular rhythm, gruppetto, extra-metric groupings, or, rarely, contrametric rhythm) is "any rhythm that involves dividing the beat into a different number of equal subdivisions from that usually permitted by the time-signature (e.g., triplets, duplets, etc.)" This is indicated by a number, or sometimes two indicating the fraction involved. The notes involved are also often grouped with a bracket or (in older notation) a slur. The most common type of tuplet is the triplet. Terminology The modern term 'tuplet' comes from a rebracketing of compound words like quintu(s)-(u)plet and sextu(s)-(u)plet, and from related mathematical terms such as "tuple", "-uplet" and "-plet", which are used to form terms denoting multiplets (''Oxford English Dictionary'', entries "multiplet", "-plet, ''comb. form''", "-let, ''suffix''", and "-et, ''suffix''1"). An alternative modern ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military March (Bruckner)
The '' Marsch'' in E-flat major, WAB 116, is a military march composed by Anton Bruckner in 1865. History Bruckner composed this for him unique work on 12 August 1865 during his stay in Linz, at the time when he was composing his first symphony,van Zwol, pp. 681–682 He composed this occasional work for the ' (Military band of the hunting troop) in Linz, as a gesture of appreciation for its participation in performances of two of his works, the festive cantata ''Preiset den Herrn'' and '' Germanenzug''.C. Howie, Chapter III, p. 125 However, it is not known whether it ever was performed by this military band. In the ''Bruckner-Handbuch'' is only noted that the march was presumably performed in Linz in 1865. Bruckner's manuscript is stored in the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. It was first edited in Band III/2, pp. 226–233 of the Göllerich/Auer biography. The work is put in Band XII/8 of the '. Music The work, a march of 32-bar and a trio of 32 bars to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ternary Form
Ternary form, sometimes called song form, is a three-part musical form consisting of an opening section (A), a following section (B) and then a repetition of the first section (A). It is usually schematized as A–B–A. Prominent examples include the da capo aria "The trumpet shall sound" from Handel's '' Messiah'', Chopin's Prelude in D-Flat Major "Raindrop", ( Op. 28) and the opening chorus of Bach's '' St John Passion''. Simple ternary form In ternary form each section is self-contained both thematically as well as tonally (that is, each section contains distinct and complete themes), and ends with an authentic cadence. The B section is generally in a contrasting but closely related key, usually a perfect fifth above or the parallel minor of the home key of the A section (V or i); however, in many works of the Classical period, the B section stays in tonic but has contrasting thematic material. It usually also has a contrasting character; for example section A might ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird Song
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs (often simply ''birdsong'') are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, songs (relatively complex vocalizations) are distinguished by function from calls (relatively simple vocalizations). Definition The distinction between songs and calls is based upon complexity, length, and context. Songs are longer and more complex and are associated with Territory (animal), territory and Bird#Breeding, courtship and mating, while calls tend to serve such functions as Alarm signal, alarms or keeping members of a herd, flock in contact. Other authorities such as Howell and Webb (1995) make the distinction based on function, so that short vocalizations, such as those of pigeons, and even non-vocal sounds, such as the drumming of woodpeckers and the "Drumming (snipe), winnowing" of snipes' wings in display flight, are considered songs. Still others require song ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Helm
Theodor Otto Helm (9 April 1843 – 25 December 1920) was an Austrian music critic and writer. Theodor Otto Helm was a leading figure in Viennese musical life and a prominent music critic in Vienna for fifty years (1866–1916). While Helm specialized in criticism of the works of Ludwig van Beethoven, Anton Bruckner, Johannes Brahms, Richard Wagner, Franz Liszt, and Antonín Dvořák, he also wrote on younger composers including Béla Bartók, Gustav Mahler, and Arnold Schoenberg. Heavily involved in the Vienna music scene, including the Wiener Akademischer Wagner Verein, Helm counted both Bruckner and Brahms as close acquaintances. Biography In 1853 Helm began his studies at the Benedictine Schottengymnasium in Vienna. He eventually focused his efforts on studying law. Helm received his PhD in 1870. He taught as an instructor of the history of music and aesthetics at the conservatory of since beginning in 1874. In 1900 he was named professor. Helm began his writing career i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Tit
The great tit (''Parus major'') is a small passerine bird in the tit family Paridae. It is a widespread and common species throughout Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and east across the Palearctic to the Amur River, south to parts of North Africa where it is generally resident in any sort of woodland; most great tits do not migrate except in extremely harsh winters. Until 2005 this species was lumped with numerous other subspecies. DNA studies have shown these other subspecies to be distinct from the great tit and these have now been separated as two distinct species, the cinereous tit (''Parus cinereus'') of southern Asia, and the Japanese tit (''Parus minor'') of East Asia. The great tit remains the most widespread species in the genus ''Parus''. The great tit is a distinctive bird with a black head and neck, prominent white cheeks, olive upperparts and yellow underparts, with some variation amongst the numerous subspecies. It is predominantly insectivorous in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Heyse
Paul Johann Ludwig von Heyse (; 15 March 1830 – 2 April 1914) was a German writer and translator. A member of two important literary societies, the '' Tunnel über der Spree'' in Berlin and '' Die Krokodile'' in Munich, he wrote novels, poetry, 177 short stories, and about sixty dramas. The sum of Heyse's many and varied productions made him a dominant figure among German men of letters. He was awarded the 1910 Nobel Prize in Literature "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories." Wirsen, one of the Nobel judges, said that "Germany has not had a greater literary genius since Goethe." Heyse is the fifth oldest laureate in literature, after Alice Munro, Jaroslav Seifert, Theodor Mommsen and Doris Lessing. Life Berlin (1830–54) Paul Heyse was born on 15 March 1830 in Heiliggeiststraße, Berlin. His father, the di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge Companions To Music
The Cambridge Companions to Music form a book series published by Cambridge University Press Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessme .... Each book is a collection of essays on the topic commissioned by the publisher. The first was published in 1993, the ''Cambridge Companion to the Violin''. Since then numerous volumes have been published nearly every year, covering a variety of instruments, composers, performers, compositions genres and traditions. Volumes References External links Cambridge music series {{DEFAULTSORT:Cambridge Companions Book series introduced in 1993 Cambridge University Press books Book series Music guides Lists of books ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Levi
Hermann Levi (7 November 1839 – 13 May 1900) was a History of the Jews in Germany, German Jewish orchestral conductor. Levi was born in Giessen, Germany, the son of a rabbi. He was educated at Giessen and Mannheim, and came to Vinzenz Lachner's notice. From 1855 to 1858 Levi studied at the Leipzig Conservatory, and after a series of travels which took him to Paris, he obtained his first post as music director at Saarbrücken, which post he exchanged for that at Mannheim in 1861. From 1862 to 1864 he was chief conductor of the German Opera in Rotterdam, then until 1872 at Karlsruhe, when he went to Munich, a post he held until 1896, when ill health compelled him to resign. Levi also taught at the Leipzig Conservatory, where his pupils included the conductor Emil Steinbach (conductor), Emil Steinbach. Levi's name is indissolubly connected with the increased public appreciation of Richard Wagner's music. He was a longtime friend of Wagner; when preparing for the inaugural Bayr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorale
A chorale is the name of several related musical forms originating in the music genre of the Lutheran chorale: * Hymn tune of a Lutheran hymn (e.g. the melody of " Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme"), or a tune in a similar format (e.g. one of the themes in the Finale of Saint-Saëns's Third Symphony) * Such tune with a harmonic accompaniment (e.g. chorale monody, chorales included in '' Schemellis Gesangbuch'') * Such a tune presented in a homophonic or homorhythmic harmonisation, usually four-part harmony (e.g. Bach's four-part chorales, or the chorale included in the second movement of Mahler's Fifth Symphony) * A more complex setting of a hymn(-like) tune (e.g. chorale fantasia form in Bach's '' Schübler Chorales'', or a combination of compositional techniques in César Franck's ') The chorale originated when Martin Luther translated sacred songs into the vernacular language (German), contrary to the established practice of church music near the end of the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
