Suphannaphum Kingdom
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Suphannaphum Kingdom
Suphannabhum or Suvarnabhumi; later known as Suphan Buri () was a Siamese city-state, that emerged in the early "Siam proper" which stretched from present-day west central Thailand to the north of the Kra Isthmus, with key historical sites at Mueang Uthong, Uthong, Nakhon Pathom, Suphan Buri, and . The kingdom is referred to as ''Xiān'' in the Chinese records since 1349, but according to the archaeological evidence in Suphan Buri, it was speculated to have emerged around the mid-12th century. However, a calculation made by Borihan Thepthani based on the information provided in the says that the city of Suphan Buri was founded in 877 and became a free city-state after Nakhon Pathom of Kamalanka fell to Phetchaburi in 913. Suphannabhum became the center of ''Xiān'', succeeding Phip Phli, no later than 1349, when ''Xiān'' was defeated by ''Luó hú'' (Lavo Kingdom, Lavo) and the tribute sent to China under the name of ''Xiānluó hú'' (Siam-Lavo or Ayutthaya Kingdom) was led by ...
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Kamalanka
Kamalanka (''Chia-mo-lang-chia'', ''Lang-chia'', ''Lang-ya-hsiu'') or Kolo (''Gē Luó'') in the Chinese texts, or Balangka/Kalonga in the ''Geography (Ptolemy), Geographike Hyphegesis'' of Ptolemy, or Mevilimbangam in the Tamil inscriptions in Malay world#Tanjore Inscription, Tanjore Inscription, was an ancient political entity located in the west Chao Phraya River basin in central Thailand. It existed from the late 1st or early 2nd century CE to 1058. Its chief city, located at the ancient Nakhon Pathom, was possibly destroyed by the troops of Pagan kingdom, Pagan's Anawrahta in 1058 during his Chao Phraya River, Menam invasion to attack the Lavo Kingdom. This marks the ending of Kamalanka. Previously, it was raided by the Chola Empire during the South-East Asia campaign of Rajendra I in 1030. Its successor, Chen Li Fu centered at ''Suvarnapura'', appeared around the 12th century, 90 kilometers northward in the present-day Don Chedi District, Don Chedi, Suphan Buri provi ...
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