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Stop Prisoner Rape
Just Detention International (JDI) is an American human rights organization dedicated to ending prison rape. As of 2011, JDI was the only NGO exclusively devoted to combatting the sexual abuse of prisoners. JDI is based in Los Angeles. History JDI grew out of People Organized to Stop Rape of Imprisoned Persons (POSRIP), founded in 1980 by Russell D. Smith, a survivor of prison rape. The organization's name was eventually changed to Stop Prisoner Rape (SPR). Smith was succeeded by Stephen Donaldson. Donaldson, a fellow survivor and longtime gay rights activist, incorporated SPR as a legal entity (in 1994), expanded its media presence, and coordinated the amicus curiae brief it filed in '' Farmer v. Brennan'' (1994), the first Supreme Court decision to address the issue of sexual assault in prisons. In his capacity as the president of SPR, Donaldson also testified on behalf of the American Civil Liberties Union in '' Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union'' (1996), the first Supre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Rights
Human rights are universally recognized Morality, moral principles or Social norm, norms that establish standards of human behavior and are often protected by both Municipal law, national and international laws. These rights are considered inherent and inalienable, meaning they belong to every individual simply by virtue of being human, regardless of characteristics like nationality, ethnicity, religion, or socio-economic status. They encompass a broad range of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights, such as the right to life, freedom of expression, protection against enslavement, and right to education. The modern concept of human rights gained significant prominence after World War II, particularly in response to the atrocities of the Holocaust, leading to the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. This document outlined a comprehensive framework of rights that countries are encouraged t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollsmoor Prison
Pollsmoor Prison, officially known as Pollsmoor Maximum Security Prison, is located in the Cape Town suburb of Tokai in South Africa. Pollsmoor is a maximum security penal facility that continues to hold some of South Africa's most dangerous criminals. Although the prison was designed with a maximum capacity of 4,336 offenders attended by a staff of 1,278, the current inmate population is over 7,000 (a figure which fluctuates daily). Structure of the prison Since it was established in 1964, the prison has been systematically expanded, so that Pollsmoor today comprises five prisons: * The Admission Centre serves a number of the courts in the Cape Peninsula (Cape Town, Mitchell's Plain, Somerset West and Wynberg). * Medium A Prison houses both awaiting trial and sentenced juveniles between the ages of 14 and 17. * Medium B Prison houses sentenced adult males. * Medium C Prison houses sentenced adult males with sentences of up to a year, sentenced adult males on day-parole or so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Advocacy Groups In The United States
Politics () is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of status or resources. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. Politics may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but the word often also carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizations Established In 1980
An organization or organisation ( Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is an entity—such as a company, or corporation or an institution ( formal organization), or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. Organizations may also operate secretly or illegally in the case of secret societies, criminal organizations, and resistance movements. And in some cases may have obstacles from other organizations (e.g.: MLK's organization). What makes an organization recognized by the government is either filling out incorporation or recognition in the form of either societal pressure (e.g.: Advocacy group), causing concerns (e.g.: Resistance movement) or being considered the spokesperson of a group of people subject to negotiation (e.g.: the Polisario Front being recognized as the sole representative of the Sahrawi people and forming a partially recognized state.) Compare the concept of social groups, which may include non-or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prison Rape In The United States
Prison rape commonly refers to the rape of inmates in prison by other inmates or prison staff. In 2001, Human Rights Watch estimated that at least 4.3 million inmates had been raped while incarcerated in the United States. A United States Department of Justice report, ''Sexual Victimization in Prisons and Jails Reported by Inmates'', states that "In 2011–12, an estimated 4.0% of state and federal prison inmates and 3.2% of jail inmates reported experiencing one or more incidents of sexual victimization by another inmate or facility staff in the past 12 months or since admission to the facility, if less than 12 months." However, advocates dispute the accuracy of the numbers, saying they under-report the real numbers of sexual assaults in prison, especially among juveniles. A meta-analysis published in 2004 found a prevalence of 1.91% with a 95% confidence interval between 1.37 and 2.46%. In a survey of 1,788 male inmates in Midwestern prisons by ''Prison Journal'', about 21% cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford Law And Policy Review
Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University, is a private research university in Stanford, California, United States. It was founded in 1885 by railroad magnate Leland Stanford (the eighth governor of and then-incumbent United States senator representing California) and his wife, Jane, in memory of their only child, Leland Jr. The university admitted its first students in 1891, opening as a coeducational and non-denominational institution. It struggled financially after Leland died in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, university provost Frederick Terman inspired an entrepreneurial culture to build a self-sufficient local industry (later Silicon Valley). In 1951, Stanford Research Park was established in Palo Alto as the world's first university research park. By 2021, the university had 2,288 tenure-line faculty, senior fellows, center fellows, and medical fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ProPublica
ProPublica (), legally Pro Publica, Inc., is a nonprofit investigative journalism organization based in New York City. ProPublica's investigations are conducted by its staff of full-time reporters, and the resulting stories are distributed to news partners for publication or broadcast. In some cases, reporters from both ProPublica and its partners work together on a story. ProPublica has partnered with more than 90 different news organizations and has won several Pulitzer Prizes. In 2010, ProPublica became the first online news source to win a Pulitzer Prize; the story chronicled the urgent life-and-death decisions made by one hospital's exhausted doctors when they were cut off by the floodwaters of Hurricane Katrina,''The Guardian'', April 13, 2010Pulitzer progress for non-profit newsProPublicaPulitzer Prize in Investigative Reporting: Deadly Choices at Memorial and it was published both in the ''New York Times Magazine'' Sheri Fink, ''New York Times Magazine'', August 25, 2009 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrea Marra
Andrea Hong Marra is an American politician and human rights activist who ran to represent Queens' District 13 in the New York State Senate. She used to work in communications at the Arcus Foundation. She serves on the boards of Freedom for All Americans and Just Detention International. In November 2018, Marra was appointed executive director of Transgender Legal Defense & Education Fund (TLDEF). Personal life Marra was born in Seoul, South Korea and was adopted as an infant. She grew up in Albany, New York, raised by a mother who worked as a dietician. Marra came out to her parents as gay in sixth grade, and was bullied after coming out in middle school. She advocated for the Dignity for All Students Act in high school, planting her aspirations for public office. In 2003, she took a job with GLSEN in upstate New York, and came out as transgender. She graduated from Pace University in 2008 and moved to Jackson Heights in 2009, after being attacked in her previous neighborhood ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prison Rape
Prison rape or jail rape is sexual assault of people while they are incarcerated. The phrase is commonly used to describe rape of inmates by other inmates. It is a significant, if controversial, part of what is studied under the wider concept of prison sexuality. United States In the United States, the overwhelming majority of prison rape cases involve men who are raped by other men. This is due in part to the fact that in the United States the vast majority of incarcerated people are men. Sexual contact with inmates by prison staff is illegal, regardless of supposed consent. Public awareness of common prison rape is a relatively recent development, and estimates of its prevalence have varied widely over the past several decades. In 1974, Carl Weiss and David James Friar wrote that 46 million Americans would one day be incarcerated; of that number, they held that 10 million would be raped. According to a US Department of Justice report from 2013, an estimated 5.0% of peo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Kaiser (philanthropist)
David Walter Kaiser (July 27, 1969 – July 15, 2020) was an American philanthropist and president of the Rockefeller Family Fund, known for his environmental activism. He was a grandson of David Rockefeller, the great grandson of American financer John D. Rockefeller Jr. and great-great-grandson of Standard Oil founder John D. Rockefeller. Early life and education Kaiser was born on July 27, 1969, in Cambridge, Massachusetts to Neva Rockefeller Goodwin and Walter Kaiser. His mother is a daughter of David Rockefeller and a great-granddaughter of John D. Rockefeller. She is the director of the Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University and a distinguished fellow at Boston University. His father Walter Kaiser, who died in 2016, was a professor of English and comparative literature at Harvard University as well as the director of Villa I Tatti, the Harvard University Center for Italian Renaissance Studies in Florence. In 1981, his mother divorced Kaiser and re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prison Rape Elimination Act Of 2003
The Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA) is the first United States federal law intended to deter the sexual assault of prisoners. The bill was signed into law on September 4, 2003. Background Public awareness of prison rape is relatively recent and estimates of its prevalence vary widely. In 1974, Carl Weiss and David James Friar wrote that 46 million Americans would one day be incarcerated; of that number, they claimed, 10 million would be raped. A 1992 estimate from the Federal Bureau of Prisons estimated that between 9 and 20 percent of inmates had been sexually assaulted. Studies in 1982 and 1996 both concluded that the rate was somewhere between 12 and 14 percent. A 1986 study by Daniel Lockwood put the number at around 23 percent for maximum security prisons in New York. In contrast, in Christine Saum's 1994 survey of 101 inmates, only five admitted to have had been sexually assaulted. In 2001, Human Rights Watch (HRW) released a paper called '' No Escape: Male ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
