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Squaliform
The Squaliformes are an order of sharks that includes about 126 species in seven families. Members of the order have two dorsal fins, which usually possess spines, they usually have a sharp head, no anal fin or nictitating membrane, and five to seven gill slits. In most other respects, however, they are quite variable in form and size. Most species of the squaliform order live in saltwater or brackish water. They are found worldwide, from northern to tropical waters, and from shallow coastal seas to the open ocean. All members of the family Eptomeridae and Dalatiidae and ''Zameus squamulosus'' possess photophores, luminous organs, and exhibit intrinsic bioluminescence. Bioluminescence evolved once in Squaliformes, approximately 111–153 million years ago, and helped the Squaliformes radiate and adapt to the deep sea. The common ancestor of Dalatiidae, Etmopteridae, Somniosidae, and Oxynotidae possessed a luminous organ and used bioluminescence for camouflage by counteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrophorus
''Centrophorus'' is a genus of squaliform sharks. These deep-water sharks, found in temperate and tropical oceans throughout the world, are characterized by grey or brown bodies, large green eyes, and spines on both dorsal fins. These spines give them their name, from Greek κεντρον, ''kentron'' meaning "thorn" and φέρειν, ''pherein'' meaning "to bear". The genus is present in the fossil record from the Paleocene (''C. squamosus'') onwards. Species * '' Centrophorus atromarginatus'' Garman, 1913. (dwarf gulper shark) * '' Centrophorus granulosus'' Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (gulper shark) * '' Centrophorus harrissoni'' McCulloch, 1915 (dumb gulper shark) * '' Centrophorus isodon'' Y. T. Chu, Q. W. Meng & J. X. Liu, 1981 (blackfin gulper shark) * '' Centrophorus lusitanicus'' Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (lowfin gulper shark) * '' Centrophorus moluccensis'' Bleeker, 1860 (smallfin gulper shark) * '' Centrophorus seychellorum'' Baranes, 2003 (Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euprotomicroides
The taillight shark (''Euprotomicroides zantedeschia'') is a little-known species of shark in the family Dalatiidae and the only member of its genus.Stehmann, M.F.W., Van Oijen, M. & Kamminga, P. (2016): Re-description of the rare taillight shark ''Euprotomicroides zantedeschia'' (Squaliformes, Dalatiidae), based on third and fourth record from off Chile. ''Cybium, 40 (3): 187-197.'' It is known from only four specimens collected from deep oceanic waters in the southern Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean. A small shark with a laterally compressed body and a bulbous snout, this species has unusual adaptations that indicate a specialized lifestyle: its pectoral fins are paddle-like and may be used for propulsion, unlike other sharks and it has a pouch-like gland on its abdomen that emits clouds of luminescent blue fluid. This shark is likely aplacental viviparous and a formidable predator for its size. Taxonomy and phylogeny The first specimen of the taillight shark was collected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinorhinidae
''Echinorhinus'' is the only extant genus in the family Echinorhinidae. Taxonomy Echinorhinidae are traditionally classified in the order Squaliformes, together with kitefin and gulper sharks.Compagno, 2005. "Sharks of the World". However, a phylogenetic estimate based on gene capture data and mitochondrial data suggests that they are not squaliform sharks, but may be more likely to be appropriately classed in their own group, as a sister group to angel sharks and sawsharks. Phylogenetic placement of Echinorhinidae has been ambiguous in morphological and molecular studies, either being included within Squaliformes, considered sister to Squaliformes, or placed in a separate group with Sawsharks (Pristiophoriformes) or angel sharks (Squatiniformes). For this reason they are sometimes given their own order, Echinorhiniformes. Etymology The name is from Greek ''echinos'' meaning "spiny" and ''rhinos'' meaning "nose". Species * ''Echinorhinus brucus'' Bonnaterre, 1788 (bramble sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrophoridae
The Centrophoridae are a family of squaliform sharks. The family contains just two genera and about 15 species. They are sometimes called gulper sharks, but this is also the name of a specific species in the family, '' Centrophorus granulosus''. These are generally deepwater fish. While some, such as the gulper shark ''C. granulosus'', are found worldwide and fished commercially, others are uncommon and little-known. Their usual prey is other fish; some are known to feed on squid, octopus, and shrimp. Some species live on the bottom (benthic), while others are pelagic. They are ovoviviparous, with the female retaining the egg-cases in her body until they hatch. They are small to medium sharks, ranging from in adult body length. The members of the genus ''Deania'' generally have a long flattened snout. Gulper shark (''Centrophorus granulosus'') Dumb gulper shark (''Centrophorus harrissoni'') Leafscale gulper shark (''Centrophorus squamosus'') Birdbeak dogfish (''D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euprotomicrus
The pygmy shark (''Euprotomicrus bispinatus''), the second-smallest of all the shark species after the dwarf lanternshark, is a squaliform shark of the family Dalatiidae, the only member of the genus ''Euprotomicrus''. Their lengths are up to about 25 cm (10 in) for females and about 22 cm (8.7 in) for males. Pygmy sharks are ovoviviparous and produce about eight young in each litter. Conservation status In June 2018 the New Zealand Department of Conservation classified the pygmy shark as "Not Threatened" with the qualifier "Secure Overseas" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System The New Zealand Threat Classification System is used by the Department of Conservation to assess conservation priorities of species in New Zealand. The system was developed because the IUCN Red List, a similar conservation status system, had some .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Pygmy shark Dalatiidae Taxa named by Jean René Constant Quoy Taxa named by Joseph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squaliolus
''Squaliolus'' is a genus of deep-sea squaliform sharks in the family Dalatiidae. Species * ''Squaliolus aliae'' Teng, 1959 ( smalleye pygmy shark) * ''Squaliolus laticaudus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 (spined pygmy shark) See also * List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish This list of prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the class chondrichthyes ''and'' are known from the fossil record. This list excludes purely vernacula ... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2355052 Shark genera Taxa named by Hugh McCormick Smith Taxa named by Lewis Radcliffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinorhinus
''Echinorhinus'' is the only extant genus in the family Echinorhinidae. Taxonomy Echinorhinidae are traditionally classified in the order Squaliformes, together with kitefin and gulper sharks.Compagno, 2005. "Sharks of the World". However, a phylogenetic estimate based on gene capture data and mitochondrial data suggests that they are not squaliform sharks, but may be more likely to be appropriately classed in their own group, as a sister group to angel sharks and sawsharks. Phylogenetic placement of Echinorhinidae has been ambiguous in morphological and molecular studies, either being included within Squaliformes, considered sister to Squaliformes, or placed in a separate group with Sawsharks (Pristiophoriformes) or angel sharks (Squatiniformes). For this reason they are sometimes given their own order, Echinorhiniformes. Etymology The name is from Greek ''echinos'' meaning "spiny" and ''rhinos'' meaning "nose". Species * ''Echinorhinus brucus'' Bonnaterre, 1788 ( bramble s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squalus Acanthias
The spiny dogfish (''Squalus acanthias''), spurdog, mud shark, or piked dogfish is one of the best known species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks, which is part of the Squaliformes order. While these common names may apply to several species, ''Squalus acanthias'' is distinguished by two spines (one anterior to each dorsal fin) and no anal fin. It lives in shallow waters and further offshore in most parts of the world, especially in temperate waters. Those in the northern Pacific Ocean were reevaluated in 2010 and found to constitute a separate species, now called the Pacific spiny dogfish (''Squalus suckleyi''). Description and behaviour The spiny dogfish has dorsal fins, no anal fin, and white spots along its back. The caudal fin has asymmetrical lobes, forming a heterocercal tail. The species name ''acanthias'' refers to the shark's two spines. These are used defensively. If captured, the shark can arch its back to pierce its captor with spines near the dorsal fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Gill
Theodore Nicholas Gill (March 21, 1837 – September 25, 1914) was an American ichthyologist, mammalogist, malacologist and librarian. Career Born and educated in New York City under private tutors, Gill early showed interest in natural history. He was associated with J. Carson Brevoort in the arrangement of the latter's entomological and ichthyological collections before going to Washington D.C. in 1863 to work at the Smithsonian Institution. He catalogued mammals, fishes and mollusks most particularly although maintaining proficiency in other orders of animals. He was librarian at the Smithsonian and also senior assistant to the Library of Congress. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1867. Gill was professor of zoology at George Washington University. He was also a member of the Megatherium Club at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. Fellow members frequently mocked him for his vanity. He was president of the American Associat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoology, zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray (1766–1828). The same is used for a zoological name. Gray was Keeper of Zoology, keeper of zoology at the British Museum in London from 1840 until Christmas 1874, before the natural history holdings were split off to the Natural History Museum, London, Natural History Museum. He published several catalogues of the museum collections that included comprehensive discussions of animal groups and descriptions of new species. He improved the Zoological specimens, zoological collections to make them amongst the best in the world. Biography Gray was born in Walsall, but his family soon moved to London, where Gray studied medicine. He assisted his father in writing ''The Natural Arrangement of British Plants'' (1821). After being Blackballing, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etmopteridae
The Etmopteridae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as lantern sharks. Their name comes from the presence of light-producing photophores on their bodies. The members of this family are small, under long, and are found in deep waters worldwide. The 45 species are placed in five genera. Three-quarters of the species are in the genus ''Etmopterus''. Genera * '' Aculeola'' * ''Centroscyllium ''Centroscyllium'' is a genus of big-eyed, deepwater dogfishes with no anal fin, a grey or black-brown body, and dorsal spines, with the second one being much larger than the first. Seven extant species are described. Species * '' Centroscyll ...'' * '' Etmopterus'' * †'' Paraetmopterus'' * '' Trigonognathus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q720466 Shark families Taxa named by Henry Weed Fowler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isistius
''Isistius'' is a genus of dogfish sharks in the family Dalatiidae. They are commonly known as cookiecutter sharks. Members of the genus are known for their unusual behaviour and dentition. Species *''Isistius brasiliensis'' Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 ( cookiecutter shark) *''Isistius plutodus'' Garrick & S. Springer, 1964 ( largetooth cookiecutter shark) *†'' Isistius triangulus Probst, 1879 *†'' Isistius trituratus Winkler, 1876 Habits The cookiecutter sharks, or cigar sharks, are unusual in the manner in which they replace their teeth. Instead of replacing teeth singly as they get damaged or lost, for example in hunting, such sharks replace the whole set. They can repeat such replacement throughout their lifetimes. Cookiecutter sharks often attack large shoals of fish, but have been known to circle fishing vessels to get an easy meal. They are particularly notorious for biting small chunks off of a prey animal in passing. Large prey, such as swordfish and cetaceans, may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
