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Soft Lithography
In technology, soft lithography is a family of techniques for fabricating or Replication (other), replicating structures using "elastomeric stamps, molds, and conformable photomasks". It is called "soft" because it uses elastomeric materials, most notably Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS. Soft lithography is generally used to construct features measured on the micrometer to nanometer Scale (measurement), scale. According to Rogers and Nuzzo (2005), Research and development, development of soft lithography expanded rapidly from 1995 to 2005. Soft lithography tools are now commercially available. Types * PDMS stamp * Microcontact printing * Multilayer soft lithography * Nanosphere lithography * Patterning by etching at the nanoscale Advantages Soft lithography has some unique advantages over other forms of lithography (such as photolithography and electron beam lithography). They include the following: *Lower cost than traditional photolithography in mass production *Well- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soft Lithography Proc1
Soft may refer to: * Softness, or hardness, a property of physical materials Arts and entertainment * ''Soft!'', a novel by Rupert Thomson, 1988 * Soft (band), an American music group * Soft (album), ''Soft'' (album), by Dan Bodan, 2014 * Softs (album), ''Softs'' (album), by Soft Machine, 1976 * "Soft", a song by Flo from ''Access All Areas (Flo album), Access All Areas'', 2024, or the remixed version, with Chlöe and Halle, 2024 * "Soft", a song by Kings of Leon from ''Aha Shake Heartbreak'', 2004 * Soft/Rock, "Soft"/"Rock", a song by Lemon Jelly, 2001 Other uses * Sorgenti di Firenze Trekking (SOFT), a system of walking trails in Italy * Soft matter, a subfield of condensed matter * Magnetically soft, material with low coercivity * soft water, which has low mineral content * Soft skills, a person's people, social, and other skills * Soft commodities, or softs *A flaccid penis, the opposite of "hard" See also * * * Softener (other) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multilayer Soft Lithography
Multilayer soft lithography (MSL) is a fabrication process in which microscopic chambers, channels, valves and vias are molded within bonded layers of elastomer. Commercial PDMS stamps can mold materials such as optical adhesive in a sequential process to create the bonded layers. See also * Soft lithography In technology, soft lithography is a family of techniques for fabricating or Replication (other), replicating structures using "elastomeric stamps, molds, and conformable photomasks". It is called "soft" because it uses elastomeric mate ... References {{Nanolith Lithography (microfabrication) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Wiley & Sons
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley (), is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Publishing, publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials. The company was founded in 1807 and produces books, Academic journal, journals, and encyclopedias, in print and electronically, as well as online products and services, training materials, and educational materials for undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education students. History The company was established in 1807 when Charles Wiley opened a print shop in Manhattan. The company was the publisher of 19th century American literary figures like James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, and Edgar Allan Poe, as well as of legal, religious, and other non-fiction titles. The firm took its current name in 1865. Wiley later shifted its focus to scientific, Technology, technical, and engineering subject areas, abandoning its literary interests. Wiley's son Joh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISTE Ltd
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley (), is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials. The company was founded in 1807 and produces books, journals, and encyclopedias, in print and electronically, as well as online products and services, training materials, and educational materials for undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education students. History The company was established in 1807 when Charles Wiley opened a print shop in Manhattan. The company was the publisher of 19th century American literary figures like James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, and Edgar Allan Poe, as well as of legal, religious, and other non-fiction titles. The firm took its current name in 1865. Wiley later shifted its focus to scientific, technical, and engineering subject areas, abandoning its literary interests. Wiley's son John (born in Flatbush, New York, October 4, 1808; died in East Orang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plastic Electronics
Organic electronics is a field of materials science concerning the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of organic molecules or polymers that show desirable electronic properties such as conductivity. Unlike conventional inorganic conductors and semiconductors, organic electronic materials are constructed from organic (carbon-based) molecules or polymers using synthetic strategies developed in the context of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry. One of the promised benefits of organic electronics is their potential low cost compared to traditional electronics. Attractive properties of polymeric conductors include their electrical conductivity (which can be varied by the concentrations of dopants) and comparatively high mechanical flexibility. Challenges to the implementation of organic electronic materials are their inferior thermal stability, high cost, and diverse fabrication issues. History Electrically conductive polymers Traditional conductive material ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and Engineering Science, engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services. Specialists in the field are known as biotechnologists. The term ''biotechnology'' was first used by Károly Ereky in 1919 to refer to the production of products from raw materials with the aid of living organisms. The core principle of biotechnology involves harnessing biological systems and organisms, such as bacteria, yeast, and plants, to perform specific tasks or produce valuable substances. Biotechnology had a significant impact on many areas of society, from medicine to agriculture to environmental science. One of the key techniques used in biotechnology is genetic engineering, which allows scientists to modify the genetic makeup of organisms to achieve desired outcomes. This can involve inserting genes from one organism into another, and con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electron Beam Lithography
Electron-beam lithography (often abbreviated as e-beam lithography or EBL) is the practice of scanning a focused beam of electrons to draw custom shapes on a surface covered with an electron-sensitive film called a resist (exposing). The electron beam changes the solubility of the resist, enabling selective removal of either the exposed or non-exposed regions of the resist by immersing it in a solvent (developing). The purpose, as with photolithography, is to create very small structures in the resist that can subsequently be transferred to the substrate material, often by etching. The primary advantage of electron-beam lithography is that it can draw custom patterns (direct-write) with sub-10 nm resolution. This form of maskless lithography has high resolution but low throughput, limiting its usage to photomask fabrication, low-volume production of semiconductor devices, and research and development. Systems Electron-beam lithography systems used in commercial application ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photolithography
Photolithography (also known as optical lithography) is a process used in the manufacturing of integrated circuits. It involves using light to transfer a pattern onto a substrate, typically a silicon wafer. The process begins with a photosensitive material, called a photoresist, being applied to the substrate. A photomask that contains the desired pattern is then placed over the photoresist. Light is shone through the photomask, exposing the photoresist in certain areas. The exposed areas undergo a chemical change, making them either soluble or insoluble in a developer solution. After development, the pattern is transferred onto the substrate through etching, chemical vapor deposition, or ion implantation processes. Ultraviolet, Ultraviolet (UV) light is typically used. Photolithography processes can be classified according to the type of light used, including ultraviolet lithography, deep ultraviolet lithography, extreme ultraviolet lithography, extreme ultraviolet lithography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarfus
''Sarfus'' is a genus of Elateroidea, click beetle allies in the subfamily Melasinae and Tribe (biology), tribe Dirhagini, erected by species:Edmond Jean-Baptiste Fleutiaux, Edmond Fleutiaux in 1925.Fleutiaux (1925) ''Rev. Zool. afric.'', 13. References External links Elateroidea genera Eucnemidae {{Elateroidea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patterning By Etching At The Nanoscale
{{More citations needed, date=May 2022 200px, Figure 1 - Example of a procedure using ammonium fluoride as an etchant and polymer brushes for visualisation Patterning by Etching at the nanoscale (PENs) is a soft lithographic technique in which the bonds in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix are broken to controlably etch PDMS (i.e. dissolve) at a slow rate along the outside of a PDMS channel formed with a patterned PDMS stamp applied to a surface. The channel in the stamp can be enlarged in the order of tens of nanometers to several micrometres. Exposing a fresh area of a surface that can be reacted with. Summary PDMS contains polymer chains of silicon-oxygen bonds, these bonds can be broken by fluoride containing species, in the same way that silicon wafers are prepared by etching with hydrofluoric acid, ammonium fluoride Ammonium fluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula NH4F. It crystallizes as small colourless prisms, having a sharp saline taste, and is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanosphere Lithography
Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is an economical technique for generating single-layer hexagonally close packed or similar patterns of nanoscale features on nanospheres. Generally, NSL applies planar ordered arrays of nanometer-sized latex or silica spheres as lithography masks to fabricate nanoparticle arrays. NSL uses self-assembled monolayers of spheres (typically made of polystyrene, often available commercially as an aqueous suspension) as evaporation masks. These spheres can be deposited using multiple methods including Langmuir-Blodgett, dip coating, spin coating, solvent evaporation, force-assembly, and air-water interface. This method has been used to fabricate arrays of various nanopatterns, including gold nanodots with precisely controlled spacings. Nanosphere monolayer preparation Monolayers of nanospheres, to be used as lithography masks can be created using multiple methods: Langmuir-Blodgett is a deposition method in which the nanoparticles are placed in a Langmu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcontact Printing
Microcontact printing (or μCP) is a form of soft lithography that uses the relief patterns on a master polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp or Urethane rubber micro stamp to form patterns of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of ink on the surface of a substrate through conformal contact as in the case of nanotransfer printing (nTP). Its applications are wide-ranging including microelectronics, surface chemistry and cell biology. History Both lithography and stamp printing have been around for centuries. However, the combination of the two gave rise to the method of microcontact printing. The method was first introduced by George M. Whitesides and Amit Kumar at Harvard University. Since its inception many methods of soft lithography have been explored. Procedure Preparing the master Creation of the master, or template, is done using traditional photolithography techniques. The master is typically created on silicon, but can be done on any solid patterned surface. Photoresist is ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
