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Simbakubwa
''Simbakubwa'' ("great lion") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in Kenya during the early Miocene. Etymology The name of this genus comes from Swahili language for "great lion". Species name ''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' means "great lion of Africa". Description Different regression models produce a wide range of body mass estimates for ''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'': from a low estimate of , comparable to the largest lions, to an upper estimate possibly reaching up to , which would surpass the modern polar bear in size. The fossils of ''Simbakubwa'' were first discovered by rural Kenyans at Meswa Bridge, Western Kenya. Thereafter Matthew Borths and Nancy Stevens published the findings after examining the fossils which had been stored at the Nairobi National Museum in Kenya for decades. The type specimen consists of a mandible from the lower jaw, a right upper maxilla and some postcranial remains. The light w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaenodonta
Hyaenodonta ("hyena teeth") is an extinct order of hypercarnivorous placental pan-carnivoran mammals from mirorder Ferae. Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the early Paleocene in Europe and persisted well into the late Miocene. Characteristics Hyaenodonts are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While '' Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' may have been up to (surpassing the modern polar bear in size) and ''Hyaenodon gigas'' (the largest species from genus '' Hyaenodon'') was as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder, 3.0 m long and weighed about 330 kg, most of hyaenodonts were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. Because of their size range, it is probable tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouridae
Hyainailouridae ("hyena-cats") is a paraphyletic family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyaenodontids arose during the middle Eocene and persisted well into the middle Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. General characteristics Hyainailourids are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While some measured as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder with head-body length up to 3.2 m and weighed up to 1,500 kg, most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. At least one hyainailourid lineage, Apterodontinae, was specialised for aquatic, otter-like habits. Rang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailourinae
Hyainailourinae ("hyena-cats") is an extinct paraphyletic subfamily of hyainailourid hyaenodonts that lived in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe during the middle Eocene to middle Miocene. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Subfamily: †Hyainailourinae (paraphyletic subfamily) ** Genus: †'' Megistotherium'' *** †''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' ** Genus: †'' Mlanyama'' *** †''Mlanyama sugu'' ** Genus: †''Orienspterodon'' *** †''Orienspterodon dahkoensis'' ** Genus: †'' Pakakali'' *** †''Pakakali rukwaensis'' ** Genus: †'' Simbakubwa'' *** †''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' ** (unranked): †''Akhnatenavus'' clade *** Genus: †'' Akhnatenavus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus leptognathus'' **** †''Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon'' *** Genus: †'' Hemipsalodon'' **** †''Hemipsalodon grandis'' **** †''Hemipsalodon viejaensis'' *** Genus: †'' Ischnognathus'' **** †''Ischnognathus savagei'' ** Tribe: † Hyainailourini (polyphyletic tribe) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinopidae
Sinopidae ("swift foxes") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early to middle Eocene deposits in North America, Europe and Asia. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Sinopidae ** Genus: †'' Acarictis'' *** †''Acarictis ryani'' ** (unranked): †''Sinopa'' clade *** Genus: †'' Prototomus'' (paraphyletic genus) **** †''Prototomus deimos'' **** †''Prototomus girardoti'' **** †''Prototomus martis'' **** †''Prototomus minimus'' **** †''Prototomus phobos'' **** †''Prototomus robustus'' **** †''Prototomus secundarius'' **** †''Prototomus viverrinus'' *** Genus: †''Sinopa'' **** †''Sinopa jilinia'' **** †''Sinopa lania'' **** †''Sinopa longipes'' **** †''Sinopa major'' **** †''Sinopa minor'' **** †''Sinopa piercei'' **** †''Sinopa pungens'' **** †''Sinopa rapax'' **** †''Sinopa'' sp. A 'AMNH FM 11538'' *** ''Incertae sedis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tritemnodon
''Tritemnodon'' ("three cutting teeth") was a genus of hyaeanodontids that lived during the early Eocene.Naoko Eg (2004."A new genus and species of hyaenodontid creodont from the Pondaung Formation (Eocene, Myanmar)"''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 24(2): 502–506 Fossils of ''Tritemnodon agilis'' have been found in Utah and Wyoming (Willwood Formation of Big Horn County and the Lower Bridger Formation of Uinta County), and it was the size of a wolf The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, and gray wolves, as popularly u .... Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Tritemnodon'' are shown in the following cladogram. References Hyaenodonts Eocene mammals of North America Prehistoric placental genera {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galecyon
''Galecyon'' ("polecat-dog") is a genus of hyaenodonts that lived during the early Eocene in Europe and North America (found in the Clarks Fork and Powder River basins of Wyoming Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the sou ...). Description ''Galecyon'' had robust canines and short, deep jaws. Prior to 2015, little was known about its post-cranial skeleton. However, following the discovery of more complete fossils, it is now known to have been a primarily terrestrial animal weighing between , lacking the adaptations for climbing found in some of its close relatives. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Galecyon'' are shown in the following cladogram. References Hyaenodonts Eocene mammals Prehistoric mammals of North America Prehistoric mammals of Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boualitomidae
Boualitomidae ("Bou Alian cutters") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from middle Paleocene to late Eocene deposits in Africa. Boualitomids had only three pairs of premolars in the lower dentition, lacking the first one.E. Gheerbrant, M. Iarochene, M. Amaghzaz and B. Bouya (2006."Early African hyaenodontid mammals and their bearing on the origin of the Creodonta."Geological Magazine 143(4):475-489Borths, Matthew R., Heritage, Steven, Gunnell, Gregg, Friscia, Anthony, Seiffert, Erik (2020) "Persistence of the oldest hyaenodont clade through the Eocene of Africa", in "The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 80th annual meeting - Virtual 2020"' Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Boualitomidae ** Genus: †'' Boualitomus'' *** †''Boualitomus marocanensis'' ** Genus: †'' Lahimia'' *** †''Lahimia selloumi'' ** ''Incertae sedis'': *** †Boualitomidae sp. (Locality BQ-2, Fayum, Eg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indohyaenodontidae
Indohyaenodontidae ("indian ''Hyaenodonts''") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early to late Eocene deposits in Asia.R. S. Rana, K. Kumar, S. P. Zack, F. Solé, K. D. Rose, P. Missiaen, L. Singh, A. Sahni and T. Smith (2015."Craniodental and postcranial morphology of ''Indohyaenodon raoi'' from the early Eocene of India, and its implications for ecology, phylogeny, and biogeography of hyaenodontid mammals."Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35(5):e965308:1-22 Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Indohyaenodontidae ** Genus: †''Indohyaenodon ''Indohyaenodon'' ("indian ''Hyaenodon''") is a genus of extinct hyaenodont mammals from family Indohyaenodontidae, that lived during the early Eocene in India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. ...'' *** †''Indohyaenodon raoi'' ** Genus: †'' Yarshea'' *** †''Yarshea cruenta'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrocyon
''Pyrocyon'' ("fire dog") is a genus of small carnivorous hyaenodontids that lived in North America during the early Eocene. Fossils of ''Pyrocyon'' have been found in Wyoming and Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the wes .... Weight of ''Pyrocyon dioctetus'' has been estimated at around 2.6 kilograms. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''Pyrocyon'' are shown in the following cladogram. References Hyaenodonts Eocene mammals Eocene mammals of North America Eocene genus first appearances Prehistoric placental genera {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaenodontoidea
Hyaenodontoidea ("hyena teeth") is a superfamily of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early Eocene to early Miocene deposits in North America, Europe and Asia. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Superfamily: †Hyaenodontoidea ** Family: †Hyaenodontidae ** Family: †Proviverridae Proviverridae ("before civets") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct superfamily Hyaenodontoidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from early to late Eocene deposits in Europe. Classif ... Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of superfamily Hyaenodontoidea are shown in the following cladogram: References {{Hyaenodonta Hyaenodonts Paleogene mammals of North America Paleogene mammals of Asia Paleogene mammals of Europe Vertebrate superfamilies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnocyonidae
Limnocyonidae ("swamp dogs") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta. Fossil remains of these mammals are known from late Paleocene to late Eocene deposits in North America and Asia. Limnocyonids had only two molars in the upper and lower dentition. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy * Family: †Limnocyonidae ** Genus: †'' Iridodon'' *** †''Iridodon datzae'' ** Genus: †''Limnocyon ''Limnocyon'' ("swamp dog") is an extinct paraphyletic genus of limnocyonid hyaenodonts that lived in North America during the middle Eocene. Fossils of this animal have been found in California, Utah and Wyoming Wyoming () is a U.S. sta ...'' (Paraphyly, paraphyletic genus) *** †''Limnocyon cuspidens'' *** †''Limnocyon potens'' *** †''Limnocyon verus'' ** Genus: †''Oxyaenodon'' *** †''Oxyaenodon dysodus'' ** Genus: †''Prolaena'' *** †''Prolaena parva'' ** Genus: †''Prolimnocyon'' (paraphyletic genus) *** †''Prolimnocyo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouros
''Hyainailouros'' ("hyena-cat") is an extinct polyphyletic genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the polyphyletic tribe Hyainailourini within paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae, that lived during the early to middle Miocene, of which there were at least three species spread across Europe, Africa, and Asia. Closely related to other large African hyaenodonts such as '' Simbakubwa'' and ''Megistotherium'', ''Hyainailouros'' walked with a semi-digitigrade stance and was probably capable of large, leaping bounds. Alongside its African relatives and the last members of the genus ''Hyaenodon ''Hyaenodon'' ("hyena-tooth") is an extinct genus of carnivorous hyaenodont mammals from tribe Hyaenodontini, within subfamily Hyaenodontinae in family Hyaenodontidae,Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell (1997."Classification of Mammals: Above t ...'' from Asia, ''Hyainailouros'' was among the largest hyaenodonts that existed. Phylogeny The phylogenetic relationships of genus ''H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
