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Hyainailourinae
Hyainailourinae ("hyena-like Felidae, cats") is a Paraphyly, paraphyletic subfamily of Hyaenodonta, hyaenodonts from extinct paraphyletic family Hyainailouridae. They arose during the Bartonian, Middle Eocene in Africa, and persisted well into the Late Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Africa, Asia, North America and Europe. General characteristics Hyainailourins are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While some measured as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder with head-body length up to 3.2 m and weighed up to 500 kg, most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. Classification and phylogeny Taxonomy References {{Taxonbar, from=Q34463832 Hyaenodonts Cenozoic mamm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouridae
Hyainailouridae ("hyena-like Felidae, cats") is a Paraphyly, paraphyletic family of extinct predatory mammals within the Polyphyly, polyphyletic superfamily Hyaenodonta, Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Hyainailourids arose during the middle Eocene and persisted well into the middle Miocene. Fossils of this group have been found in Asia, Africa, North America and Europe. General characteristics Hyainailourids are characterized by long skulls, slender jaws, slim bodies, and a plantigrade stance. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While some measured as much as 1.4 m high at the shoulder with head-body length up to 3.2 m and weighed up to 500 kg, most were in the 5–15 kg range, equivalent to a mid-sized dog. The anatomy of their skulls show that they had a particularly acute sense of smell, while their teeth were adapted for shearing, rather than crushing. At least one hyainailourid lineage, Apterodontinae, was specia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bastetodon
''Bastetodon'' (meaning "Bastet tooth") is an extinct genus of carnivorous hyaenodont mammals from the Early Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation of Egypt. The genus contains single species, ''B. syrtos'', which was originally assigned to the genus '' Pterodon''. Discovery and naming In 1999, paleontologist Patricia A. Holroyd described a partial right maxilla from 'Quarry M' of the Jebel Qatrani Formation near the Faiyum Oasis of Egypt as belonging to a new species of ''Pterodon'', ''P. syrtos''. The specific name, ''syrtos'', is a Greek word meaning "carried along by a stream", referencing the preservation of the holotype in a point bar depositional environment. In 2025, Al-Ashqar et al. revised the record of African species assigned to ''Pterodon'', a historic wastebasket taxon. As in previous analyses, they observed that the species referred to this genus form a polyphyletic assemblage. Based on a more recently-collected complete skull from 'Quarry I', they established a new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaenodonta
Hyaenodonta (" hyena teeth") is an extinct order of hypercarnivorous placental mammals of clade Pan-Carnivora from mirorder Ferae. Hyaenodonts were important mammalian predators that arose during the early Paleocene in Europe and persisted well into the late Miocene. Characteristics Hyaenodonts are characterized by long, often disproportionately large skulls, slender jaws, and slim bodies. They generally ranged in size from 30 to 140 cm at the shoulder. While '' Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' may have been up to (surpassing the modern polar bear in size), this estimate is suspect due to being based on skull-body size ratios derived from felids, which have much smaller skulls for their body size. Other large hyaenodonts include two close and later-surviving relatives of ''Simbakubwa'', '' Hyainailouros'' and '' Megistotherium'' (the latter likely being the largest in the group), and the much earlier-living '' Hyaenodon gigas'' (the largest species from genus '' Hyaenodo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falcatodon
''Falcatodon'' ("curved tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts of the subfamily Hyainailourinae, from the Early Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Faiyum Oasis depression in Egypt. Description Morales and Pickford (2017, p. 344) diagnose ''Falcatodon'' as follows: "Medium sized Hyainailourinae, differing from ''Metapterodon'' by the reduction of the protocone in the upper molars (M1 – M2), which is located in a very anterior position. It differs from ''Hyainailouros'' by the more sectorial morphology of the upper molars, with more advanced fusion of the paracone-metacone with, nevertheless, a groove separating the cusps visible in the M1. Lower molars sectorial with reduced talonid and without a metaconid. It differs from '' Isohyaenodon'', ''Sectisodon ''Sectisodon'' ("cutting tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the subfamily Hyainailourinae from early Oligocene to early Miocene deposits in Egypt and Uganda Uganda, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simbakubwa
''Simbakubwa'' ("great lion") is an extinct genus of hyaenodonts to the family Hyainailourinae that lived in Kenya during the Early Miocene. Discovery and Etymology The fossils of ''Simbakubwa'' were first discovered by rural Kenyans at Meswa Bridge, Western Kenya. Thereafter, Matthew Borths and Nancy Stevens published the findings after examining the fossils which had been stored at the Nairobi National Museum in Kenya for decades. The type specimen consists of a mandible from the lower jaw, a right upper maxilla and some postcranial remains. The light wear patterns on the dentition indicate that the holotype specimen was a young adult at the time of its death. The name of this genus comes from the Swahili language, meaning "great lion". The species name ''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'' means "great lion of Africa”. Description Different regression models produce a wide range of body mass estimates for ''Simbakubwa kutokaafrika'': from a low estimate of , based on an equation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyainailouros
''Hyainailouros'' ("hyena-cat") is an extinct polyphyletic genus of hyaenodont belonging to the family Hyainailouridae that lived during the Early to Late Miocene, of which there were at least three species spread across Eurasia and Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac .... Closely related to other large African hyaenodonts such as '' Simbakubwa'' and '' Megistotherium'', ''Hyainailouros'' walked with a semi-digitigrade stance and was probably capable of large, leaping bounds. References Hyaenodonts Miocene mammals of Europe Miocene mammals of Africa Miocene mammals of Asia Prehistoric placental genera Fossil taxa described in 1863 {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemipsalodon
''Hemipsalodon'' ("half-scissor tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodonts from the subfamily Hyainailourinae that lived in North America during the middle to late Eocene The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes ....G. F. Gunnell (1998.) "Creodonta". In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.)"Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America, Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals" Cambridge University Press, 703 pages Description The skull of ''Hemipsalodon grandis'' is in length, with a lower jaw length of . The most complete skull (''O.M.S.I. No. 619''), belonged to an old individual. It is powerfully-built, and overall superficially resembles the mesonychid '' Harpagolestes''. The nasal opening is quite large. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maocyon
''Maocyon'' ("dog from Maoming") is an extinct genus of hyaenodonts from extinct paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae within paraphyletic family Hyainailouridae, that lived during the late Eocene in China. It is a monotypic genus that contains the species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ... ''M. peregrinus''. References {{Taxobar, from=Q116968493 Hyaenodonts Monotypic prehistoric mammal genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orienspterodon
''Orienspterodon'' ("eastern '' Pterodon''") is an extinct genus of hyaenodonts from extinct paraphyletic subfamily Hyainailourinae within paraphyletic family Hyainailouridae, that lived from middle to late Eocene in China and Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has .... Type species ''O. dahkoensis'' was originally assigned to genus '' Pterodon'' in 1975, but was eventually assigned to its own genus in 2007. References Hyaenodonts Eocene mammals of Asia Prehistoric placental genera {{paleo-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Exiguodon
''Exiguodon'' ("strict tooth") is an extinct genus of hyainailourid hyaenodont mammal of the subfamily Hyainailourinae. Remains are known from early Miocene deposits in Kenya and Uganda, in East Africa. Description ''Exiguodon'' is distinguished from other hyainailourines by the following features: diminutive dimensions, lower molars (m3 – m2) with greatly reduced talonid; protoconid and paraconid similar in size. Paraconid of the molars lingually oriented. M2 and M1 close in size and morphology. Occlusal outline sub-triangular, with greatly reduced protocone, which appears like an antero-lingual cingulum which extends anteriorly and buccally. Presence of a strong parastyle in an antero-buccal position, united to the apex of the paracone by a well defined crista. The buccal cingulum borders a wide buccal platform, particularly large in the M2. Paracone tall and narrow, elongated blade-like metastyle. P4 broadened, with reduced protocone and presence of a notch between the mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megistotherium
''Megistotherium'' is an extinct genus of hyaenodont belonging to the family Hyainailouridae that lived in Africa and possibly Asia as well. It first appeared in Early Miocene to late Middle Miocene from 22.5 to 12.0 million years ago, existing for . Taxonomy The name of this genus comes and . The name of species ''Megistotherium osteothlastes'' comes and (with ''-es'' being an agent noun: 'bone-crusher'). The family Hyainailouridae comprised a diverse group of hyaenodont predators that were most successful during the Eocene before being possibly ecologically displaced by the order Carnivora during the late Oligocene. ''Megistotherium'' emerged in the Miocene towards the end of the hyaenodonts' flourishing; it was a part of a radiation of African hyaenodontids that occurred at that time. '' Hyainailouros sulzeri'' is very closely related to ''Megistotherium'', extremely similar in size, structure and ratios - with a long tail, short limbs and robust body. Other authorities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mlanyama
''Mlanyama'' is an extinct genus of hyaenodont that lived during the Late Oligocene. Distribution ''M. sugu'' lived in northwestern Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ..., having been found at Benson's Site. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q121417449 Monotypic prehistoric mammal genera Fossil taxa described in 2009 Hyaenodonts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
