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Shapsugh
The Shapsug ( ady, шапсыгъ , russian: шапсуги, tr, Şapsığlar, ar, الشابسوغ, he, שפסוגים) (also known as the Shapsugh or Shapsogh) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes. Historically, the Shapsug tribe comprised one of the largest groups of the Black Sea Adyghe (Причерноморские адыги). They inhabited the region between the Dzhubga (in ady, Жьыбгъэ means "Winds" or "The Valley of Winds") River and the Shakhe Rivers (the so-called Maly Shapsug, or Little Shapsug) and high-altitude mountainous areas of the northern slopes of the Caucasus range along the Antkhir, Abin, Afips, Bakan, Ships, and other rivers (Bolshoy Shapsug, or Greater Shapsug). In Russia, the remaining Shapsug population mainly live in the Tuapsinsky District (Tuapse) of Krasnodar Krai, Lazarevsky City District of Sochi, and in the Republic of Adygea (mainly in District of Takhtamukaysky and District of Teuchezksky), which were a small part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassians
The Circassians (also referred to as Cherkess or Adyghe; Adyghe and Kabardian: Адыгэхэр, romanized: ''Adıgəxər'') are an indigenous Northwest Caucasian ethnic group and nation native to the historical country-region of Circassia in the North Caucasus. As a consequence of the Circassian genocide, which was perpetrated by the Russian Empire in the 19th century during the Russo-Circassian War, most Circassians were exiled from their homeland in Circassia to modern-day Turkey and the rest of the Middle East, where the majority of them are concentrated today. The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization estimated in the early 1990s that there are as many as 3.7 million Circassians in diaspora in over 50 countries. The Circassian language is the ancestral language of the Circassian people, and Islam has been the dominant religion among them since the 17th century. Circassia has been subject to repeated invasions since ancient times; its isolated terrain co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakuchi Adyghe Dialect
Hakuchi (Xakuchi; Хьакӏуцубзэ ''Kh′ak′ucubză'' or Къарацхаибзэ ''Qaracxaibză'' in Hakuchi Adyghe) is a variety of the Shapsug sub-dialect of West Adyghe dialect of the Adyghe language spoken in Turkey. Since the Hakuchi are considered an isolated Shapsugh clan, their dialect differs little from that of the Shapsugh dialect. Phonology The Hakuchi has an uvular ejective ʼand a labialized uvular ejective ʷʼref name="adygeya-republic phonetic changes adygeya-republic phonetic changes Ларингализация/ref> that correspond to West Adyghe and Kabardian Adyghe glottal stop �and labialized glottal stop �ʷ See also * Adyghe language ** West Adyghe dialect *** Abzakh Adyghe sub-dialect *** Bzhedug Adyghe sub-dialect *** Shapsug Adyghe sub-dialect ** Ubykh Adyghe dialect ** Kabardian Adyghe dialect *** Besleney (Cherkessian) Adyghe sub-dialect References * John Colarusso John Colarusso is a linguist specializing in Caucas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kfar Kama
Kfar Kama ( he, כְּפַר כַּמָא, ar, كفر كما, ) is a Circassian town located in the Lower Galilee of Israel's northern district, located along road 767, that leads from Kfar Tavor to the Kinneret. It is one of the only two Circassian towns in Israel, the other being Rehaniya. The residents of the town are descended from the Shapsug tribe exilees from Circassia. In 2008, the town had a population of 2,900. History Antiquity Archaeologists have proposed that Kfar Kama was the village Helenoupolis that Constantine established in honor of his mother Helen.Tsafrir, Di Segni and Green, 1994, 142 Excavations carried out in 1961 and 1963 revealed 4th century tombs.Dauphin, 1998, p. 727 Two churches dated to the early 6th century, one dedicated to Saint Thecla, were uncovered, with multicolored mosaics of floral, animal and geometric patterns. In the Crusader period it was known as ''Kapharchemme'' or ''Capharkeme.''Pringle, 1997, p. 117/ref> Ruins and parts of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassia
Circassia (; also known as Cherkessia in some sources; ady, Адыгэ Хэку, Адыгей, lit=, translit=Adıgə Xəku, Adıgey; ; ota, چرکسستان, Çerkezistan; ) was a country and a historical region in the along the northeast shore of the Black Sea. It was conquered and occupied by Russia during the Russian-Circassian War (1763–1864). 90% of the Circassian people were either exiled from the region or massacred in the Circassian genocide. The Circassians also dominated the north of the Kuban river in the early medieval and ancient times, but with the raids of the Mongol Empire, Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate, they were withdrawn south of the Kuban, from the Taman Peninsula to North Ossetia. During the Medieval Era, Circassian lords subjugated and vassalized the neighboring Karachay-Balkars and Ossetians. The term Circassia is also used as the collective name of Circassian states established on Circassian territory. Legally and internationally, the T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassian Languages
Circassian , also known as Cherkess , is a subdivision of the Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian language family, spoken by the Circassians, Circassian people. There are two Circassian languages, defined by their literary standards, Adyghe language, Adyghe (; also known as West Circassian), with half a million speakers, and Kabardian language, Kabardian (; also known as East Circassian), with a million. The languages are highly Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible with one another, but differ to a degree where they would be considered clear-cut dialects. The earliest extant written records of the Circassian languages are in the Arabic script, recorded by the Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi in the 17th century.Papşu, Murat (2006)Çerkes-Adığe yazısının tarihçesi". ''Nart, İki Aylık Düşün ve Kültür Dergisi'', Sayı 51, Eylül-Ekim 2006. There is consensus among the linguistic community about the fact that Adyghe and Kabardian are typologicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takhtamukaysky District
Takhtamukaysky District (russian: Тахтамука́йский райо́н; ady, Тэхъутэмыкъуае къедзыгъо) is an administrativeLaw #171 and a municipalLaw #220 district (raion), one of the list of administrative and municipal divisions of the Republic of Adygea, seven in the Republic of Adygea, Russia. It is located in the west of the republic and borders with Krasnoarmeysky District, Krasnodar Krai, Krasnoarmeysky District of Krasnodar Krai and with the territory of the City of federal subject significance, City of Krasnodar in the north, Teuchezhsky District in the east, the territory of the Town of Goryachy Klyuch, Krasnodar Krai, Goryachy Klyuch of Krasnodar Krai in the south, and with Seversky District of Krasnodar Krai in the south and west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality (an ''aul'') of Takhtamukay. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, the total populat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abzakhs
The Abzakh ( Circassian: Абдзэх, ''Abdzekh''; Russian: абадзехи; also known as Abdzakhs or Abadzekhs) are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. Historically, they lived in the mountainous part of the modern Russian republics of Adygea and Krasnodar Krai. Major settlements or villages were located in the river valleys Kurdzhips, Psheha, Pshish, and Psekups. However, today the vast majority of them live in diaspora in Turkey — about 500,000 people, which are the descendants of those expelled from their homeland as a result of the Russian–Circassian War. After Kabardians, the Abzakh are the second-largest Adyghe tribe in Turkey, other diaspora countries, and in the world in general. They are also the second-largest Adyghe tribe in Israel (after Shapsugs), largest in Jordan, and the sixth-largest in Russia. The Abzakhs are not to be confused with the Abkhazians or the Abaza, yet th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabardians
The Kabardians ( Highland Adyghe: Къэбэрдей адыгэхэр; Lowland Adyghe: Къэбэртай адыгэхэр; russian: Кабардинцы) or Kabardinians are one of the twelve major Circassian tribes, representing one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. They are also commonly known by the plural terms Kabardin, Kebertei, or Kabarday. Along with the Besleney tribe, they speak a distinctive dialect of the Adyghe language. Historically the Kabardians lived in Kabardia, a region of the north Caucasus. In modern times the Kabardians live mostly in the Russian republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, which partly corresponds to the historic region. Despite the Soviet administrative divisions that placed Circassians under four different designations and political units, namely ''Adygeans'' (Adyghe in Adygea), ''Cherkessians'' (Adyghe in Karachay-Cherkessia), ''Kabardians'' (Adyghe in Kabardino-Balkaria), and ''Shapsugians'' (Adyghe in Krasno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Downtown
''Downtown'' is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers to refer to a city's sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart. It is often synonymous with its central business district (CBD). Downtowns typically contain a small percentage of a city’s employment. In some metropolitan areas it is marked by a cluster of tall buildings, cultural institutions and the convergence of rail transit and bus lines. In British English, the term " city centre" is most often used instead. History Origins The Oxford English Dictionary's first citation for "down town" or "downtown" dates to 1770, in reference to the center of Boston. Some have posited that the term "downtown" was coined in New York City, where it was in use by the 1830s to refer to the original town at the southern tip of the island of Manhattan.Fogelson, p. 10. As the town of New York grew into a city, the only direction it could grow on the island was toward the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berkayel -Akkar
Berqayel or Berkayel ( ar, برقايل) is one of the largest and the most historical towns in Akkar Governorate in northern Lebanon. Berkail is about 25 km north Tripoli. Berkail is well known by its olive production and green fields. It is a Sunni Muslim community. History In 1838, Eli Smith noted the village, whose inhabitants were Sunni Muslim, located west of esh-Sheikh Mohammed Cheikh Mohammad ( ar, الشيخ محمد) is a village situated in Akkar Governorate, Lebanon. Situated 400 metres above sea level, in between two mountains, it overlooks the Akkar plains and sea. It is made up of approximately 450 houses, with ....Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p183/ref> Economy Much of Berkail's population is employed by the Lebanese Army. Olives are the main agricultural product. References Bibliography * External links Localiban Populated places in Akkar District Sunni Muslim communities in Lebanon {{Lebanon-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tripoli, Lebanon
Tripoli ( ar, طرابلس/ALA-LC: ''Ṭarābulus'', Lebanese Arabic: ''Ṭrablus'') is the largest city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country. Situated north of the capital Beirut, it is the capital of the North Governorate and the Tripoli District, Lebanon, Tripoli District. Tripoli overlooks the eastern Mediterranean Sea, and it is the northernmost seaport in Lebanon. It holds a string of four small islands offshore. The Palm Islands Nature Reserve, Palm Islands were declared a protected area because of their status of haven for endangered loggerhead turtles (''Chelona mydas''), rare monk seals and migratory birds. Tripoli borders the city of El Mina, the port of the Tripoli District, which it is geographically conjoined with to form the greater Tripoli conurbation. The history of Tripoli dates back at least to the 14th century BCE. The city is well known for containing the Mansouri Great Mosque and the largest Crusader States, Crusader fortress in L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wadi Al-Seer
Wadi Al-Seer or Wadi as-Seer ( ar, وادي السير, meaning "Valley of the Orchards") is an area in the Greater Amman Municipality named after a prehistoric queen that ruled the area, Queen Seer. It consists of ten neighborhoods, some of which are residential, other commercial, or both. Neighborhoods Wadi Al-Seer district contains ten neighbourhoods; Al-Rawabi, Swefieh, Jandaweel, Al-Rawnaq, Al-Sahl, Al-Diyar, Bayader, Al-Sina'a, Al-Kursi and west Umm Uthaina. Bayader Wadi Al-Seer Bayader Wadi as-Seer neighbourhood is a small Low-income housing, low-income town on the outskirts of the Greater Amman Municipality. It contains some Ottoman Empire, Ottoman-era buildings and mosques from the early 20th century. 10 kilometres outside Wadi as-Seer are the ruins of the Qasr al Abd, Qasr al-Abd castle and the related caves of Iraq Al-Amir, Iraq al-Amir. Wadi as-Seer city contains a well known historical courthouse, an old fort, an entire Ottoman-style neighbourhood standing on ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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