Hakuchi ( or in Hakuchi Adyghe) is a variety of the
Shapsug
The Shapsug ( , , , , ) (also known as the Shapsugh or Shapsogh) are one of the twelve major Circassians, Circassian tribes. Historically, the Shapsug tribe comprised one of the largest groups of the Black Sea Adyghe (Причерноморск ...
sub-dialect of
West Adyghe dialect of the
Adyghe language
Adyghe ( or ; also known as West Circassian) is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken by the western subgroups of Circassians. It is spoken mainly in Russia, as well as in Turkey, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Israel, where Circassians settled after ...
spoken in
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
. It is considered to be the most archaic variety of Adyghe.
Since the
Hakuchi are considered an isolated Shapsug clan, their dialect differs little from that of the Shapsug dialect. It is also believed that the Hakuchis are a blend of various Circassian tribes: Shapsug, Ubykh, Abdzakh and others. This is why the Hakuchi dialect has some interesting phonetics in it.
Phonology
The Hakuchi has an
uvular ejective ʼand a
labialized uvular ejective ʷʼref name="adygeya-republic phonetic changes
adygeya-republic phonetic changes Ларингализация/ref> that correspond to
West Adyghe and
Kabardian Adyghe glottal stop
The glottal stop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many Speech communication, spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis. The symbol in the International Phonetic ...
and
labialized glottal stop
The glottal stop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many Speech communication, spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis. The symbol in the International Phonetic ...
ʷ
See also
*
Ubykh language
Ubykh is an extinct Northwest Caucasian language once spoken by the Ubykh people, an ethnic group of Circassian nation who originally inhabited the eastern coast of the Black Sea before being deported ''en masse'' to the Ottoman Empire during ...
*
Circassian languages
Circassian (; ), also known as Cherkess ( ), is a subdivision of the Northwest Caucasian language family, spoken by the Circassian people. There are two main variants of the Circassian language, defined by their literary standards, Adyghe (; a ...
**
Adyghe language
Adyghe ( or ; also known as West Circassian) is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken by the western subgroups of Circassians. It is spoken mainly in Russia, as well as in Turkey, Jordan, Syria, Iraq and Israel, where Circassians settled after ...
***
Abzakh Adyghe dialect
***
Bzhedug Adyghe dialect
***
Shapsug Adyghe dialect
The Shapsug dialect (; ) is a dialect of Adyghe. The Shapsug dialect is spoken by the Shapsugs, which are one of the largest Circassian population in the diaspora outside Republic of Adygea, alongside Abzakhs. The Shapsug dialect is very s ...
****
Kfar Kama Adyghe dialect
**
Kabardian language
Kabardian (), also known as , is a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian language, that is widely considered to be the eastern dialect of Adyghe language, Adyghe. While some Soviet linguists have treated the two as distinct language ...
***
Besleney Kabardian dialect
References
*
John Colarusso
John Colarusso is a linguist specializing in Caucasian languages. Since 1976, he has taught at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.
Colarusso has published more than sixty-five articles on linguistics, myths, politics, and the Caucasus; he ...
, ''A grammar of the Kabardian language'', University of Calgary Press, 1992, , p. 2
* Henricus Joannes Smeets, ''Studies in West Circassian phonology and morphology'', Hakuchi Press, 1984, pp. 3,361,452
Adyghe language
Endangered Caucasian languages
Languages of Turkey
Shapsugs
{{NorthwestCaucasian-lang-stub