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Shakkanakku
Shakkanakku (Sumerian: , GIR.NITA or ''šagina'', , ''Shakkanakku''), was an Akkadian language title designating a military governor. Mari was ruled by a dynasty of hereditary Shakkanakkus which was originally set by the Akkadian Empire and gained independence following Akkad's collapse. It is considered that the Shakkanakka gained some form of independence and came to be considered as "Kings" from the time of Apil-Kin. A critical analysis of the Shakkanakku List of Mari has been published. The title is also known around the same time in Elam, where several "Shakkanakku (Military Governor) of the country of Elam" with typically Akkadian names ruled for the Akkadian kings.Translation into French in The title also existed in Qatna in the 14th century BC, and Dilmun under the Kassites. Shakkanakkus under the Akkadians Shakkanakkus, or ''Shagina'' military governors are known from the time of the Akkadian Empire. For example, Shar-kali-sharri had a military governor in Nippur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statue Of Iddi-Ilum
The ''Statue of Iddi-Ilum'' is a 21st-century BCE statue of the praying figure of Iddi-ilum (, ''i-ti-ilum''), the military governor, or ''Shakkanakku'', of the ancient city-state of Mari in eastern Syria. The headless statue was discovered at the Royal Palace of Mari during excavations directed by French archaeologist André Parrot. The statue was made of soapstone and bears an inscription identifying the figure and dedicating it to the goddess Ishtar or Inanna. The statue is now displayed at the Musée du Louvre in Paris. He was contemporary of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and probably their vassal. Overview The soapstone statue depicts the standing figure in a traditional prayer posture with the hands clasped against the chest. The figure's head is lost, but his beard is still visible. The beard is sculpted in eight symmetrical braids that are curled at the end.Aruz; Benzel; Evans, 2008, p. 30. The statue's right arm and elbow are also lost.Parrot, 1938, p. 17. The figure is dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iddi-ilum
Iddi-ilum, also Iddi-El or Iddin-El (, ''i-ti-ilum'', ruled 2090-2085 BCE), was a military governor, or ''Shakkanakku'', of the ancient city-state of Mari, Syria, Mari in eastern Syria, following the conquest, the destruction and the control of the city by the Akkadian Empire. Iddi-ilum was contemporary of the Third Dynasty of Ur, and probably their vassal. His headless statue, the ''Statue of Iddi-Ilum'' was discovered at the Royal Palace of Mari during excavations directed by French people, French archaeologist André Parrot. The statue was made of soapstone and bears an inscription identifying the figure and dedicating it to the goddess Ishtar or Inanna. The statue is now displayed at the Musée du Louvre in Paris. The inscription on the statue reads: Statue of Iddi-ilum File:Idi-ilum Louvre AO 19486 n02.jpg, The inscription on the bottom of the statue (front). File:Idi-ilum Louvre AO 19486 n03.jpg, The inscription on the bottom of the statue (back). File:Mari-ki in cun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shar-kali-sharri
Shar-Kali-Sharri (, '' DShar-ka-li-Sharri''; reigned c. 2217–2193 BC middle chronology, c. 2153–2129 BC short chronology) was a king of the Akkadian Empire. Rule Succeeding his father Naram-Sin in c. 2217 BC, he came to the throne in an age of increasing troubles. The raids of the Gutian, who had established a capital at Adab, that began in his father's reign were becoming more and more frequent, and he was faced with a number of rebellions from vassal kings against the high taxes they were forced to pay to fund the defence against the Gutian threat. Contemporary year-names for Shar-kali-sharri of Akkad indicate that in one unknown year of his reign, he captured Sharlag, king of Gutium, while in another year, "the yoke was imposed on Gutium". Year names of Shar-Kali-Sharri Lists of year names can be found for many rulers from the time of the Akkadian Empire, including Shar-Kali-Sharri. They shed light on the length of his reign and the main events: Submission of Sumerian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishtup-Ilum
Ishtup-Ilum, also Ishtup-El (, ''Ish-dub-ilum'', c. 2147–2136 BCE) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as '' Shakkanakku'' in northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire. He was probably contemporary with the Second Dynasty of Lagash, around the time of Gudea. He was the son of Ishma-Dagan and brother of Nûr-Mêr, both Shakkanakkus of Mari before him, and, according to the dynastic lists, he ruled after them for a period of 11 years. He is known from inscriptions mentioning the building of a temple, as well as from a monumental statue, discovered in Mari. Statue of Ishtup-Ilum His statue was discovered by the team of André Parrot on 14 March 1936, Syria. It has a rather simple and coarse design, a provincial characteristic during this period, and is significantly less sophisticated than the statues of his successors, such as Puzur-Ishtar. The statue is now in the Aleppo National Museum, Syria. File:Ishtup-Ilum excavation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lugal
Lugal (Sumerian: ) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man." In Sumerian, ''lu'' "𒇽" is "man" and ''gal'' "𒃲" is "great," or "big." It was one of several Sumerian titles that a ruler of a city-state could bear (alongside '' en'' and '' ensi'', the exact difference being a subject of debate). The sign eventually became the predominant logograph for "King" in general. In the Sumerian language, ''lugal'' is used to mean an owner (e.g. of a boat or a field) or a head (of a unit such as a family). As a cuneiform logograph ( Sumerogram) LUGAL (Unicode: 𒈗, rendered in Neo Assyrian). Cuneiform The cuneiform sign LUGAL 𒈗 (Borger nr. 151, Unicode U+12217) serves as a determinative in cuneiform texts (Sumerian, Akkadian and Hittite), indicating that the following word is the name of a king. In Akkadian orthography, it may also be a syllabogram ''šàr'', acrophonically based on the Akkadian for "king", ''šarrum''. Unicode also includes th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishgum-Addu
Ishgum-Addu or Ishgum-Addad ( ''iš-gum DIŠKUR''), or more probably Ishkun-Dagan ( ''iš-kun Dda-gan''), was a ruler of the city of Mari, northern Mesopotamia, for eight years c. 2135-2127 BCE, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire . He had a son named Apil-kin, according to the ''Shakkanakku Dynasty List'', who ruled after him. Ishgum-Addu appears in the ''Shakkanakku Dynasty Lists'' after Ishtup-Ilum Ishtup-Ilum, also Ishtup-El (, ''Ish-dub-ilum'', c. 2147–2136 BCE) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as '' Shakkanakku'' in northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire. He was probably contempo .... Besides his mention on the Shakkanakku List, no inscriptions are known of him. References {{Early Rulers of Mesopotamia 22nd-century BC rulers Kings of Mari 22nd-century BC people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishtup-Ilum Statue (front, Wider)
Ishtup-Ilum, also Ishtup-El (, ''Ish-dub-ilum'', c. 2147–2136 BCE) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as ''Shakkanakku'' in northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of the Akkadian Empire. He was probably contemporary with the Second Dynasty of Lagash, around the time of Gudea. He was the son of Ishma-Dagan and brother of Nûr-Mêr, both Shakkanakkus of Mari before him, and, according to the dynastic lists, he ruled after them for a period of 11 years. He is known from inscriptions mentioning the building of a temple, as well as from a monumental statue, discovered in Mari. Statue of Ishtup-Ilum His statue was discovered by the team of André Parrot on 14 March 1936, Syria. It has a rather simple and coarse design, a provincial characteristic during this period, and is significantly less sophisticated than the statues of his successors, such as Puzur-Ishtar. The statue is now in the Aleppo National Museum, Syria. File:Ishtup-Ilum excavation in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
