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Serpulaceae
The Serpulaceae are a family of fungi in the Boletales order. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the family contains 4 genera and 20 species. However, a molecular phylogenetics study showed that the genus '' Neopaxillus'', which was formerly placed in this family, belongs in the family Crepidotaceae in the order Agaricales The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms (for their distinctive gills) or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13,000 described species, a .... References Boletales Basidiomycota families {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serpula (fungus)
''Serpula'' is a genus of fungi in the family Serpulaceae. Taxonomy and evolution The term was originally defined by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon as a section (biology), section of the genus ''Merulius'' in 1801. British botanist Samuel Frederick Gray raised it to genus status in his 1821 work ''The Natural Arrangement of British Plants''. The name is derived from the Latin verb ''serpěre'' "to creep". Synonyms include Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link's 1809 ''Xylophagous'', Christian Hendrik Persoon's 1825 ''Xylomyzon'', Narcisse Théophile Patouillard's 1874 ''Gyrophora'', and Patouillard's 1897 ''Gyrophana''. ''Serpula'' forms a clade with at least two other closely related genera, ''Austropaxillus'' and ''Gymnopaxillus'', the three composing the family Serpulaceae. It is thought that the common ancestor was saprotrophic, and that ancestor to the latter two genera became mycorrhizal. Using molecular clock analysis, the split between ''Austropaxillus'' and ''Serpula'' has been e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austropaxillus
''Austropaxillus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Serpulaceae, containing nine species found in Australia, New Zealand and South America. Taxonomy and naming In 1999, Andreas Bresinsky and colleagues studied the genus ''Paxillus'', which appeared to have a centre of diversity in the Southern Hemisphere as a number of species had been described from Australia and New Zealand, and Chile and Argentina in southern South America. Genetic analysis revealed that members of what had been broadly construed as ''Paxillus'' fell into three distinct clades. The Southern Hemisphere species were found to be in a lineage that is most closely related to the brown rot genus '' Serpula''. Supporting this is the finding that the compound 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid has been isolated from members of both ''Austropaxillus'' and ''Serpula''. Hence they moved these species into the new genus ''Austropaxillus''. Later analysis revealed a relationship to ''Gymnopaxillus'', a small genus o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnopaxillus
''Gymnopaxillus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Serpulaceae. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the family contains four species found in temperate South America and Australia. ''Gymnopaxillus'' was circumscribed by mycologist Egon Horak in 1966 with '' G. morchelliformis'' as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen .... '' G. crubensis'', described from Argentina, was added in 1989, while the Australasian species '' G. nudus'' and '' G. vestitus'' were added to the genus in 2001. References External links * Boletales Boletales genera Taxa named by Egon Horak {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletales
The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. The Boletales are now known to contain distinct groups of agarics, puffballs, and other fruiting-body types. Taxonomy The order Boletales originally was created to describe boletes, but based on micromorphological and molecular phylogenetic characteristics, a large number of nonbolete species have recently been reclassified to belong to this group, as well. The order also includes some gilled mushrooms, in the families Gomphidiaceae, Serpulaceae, Tapinellaceae, Hygrophoropsidaceae, and Paxillaceae, which often have the same flesh texture as the boletes, spore-bearing tissue which is also easily separable from the cap, and similar microscopic characteristics of spores and cystidia. Taxonomic studies using secondary metabolites an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neopaxillus
''Neopaxillus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Crepidotaceae. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the family contains five species found in Central and South America; a sixth, '' N. dominicanus'', was reported in 2011. It was formerly considered to belong in the family Serpulaceae in the order Boletales, but molecular analysis showed that ''Neopaxillus'' is better placed in the Agaricales as a sister group to ''Crepidotus'' (of the family Crepidotaceae). See also *List of Agaricales genera This is a list of mushroom-forming fungi genera in the order Agaricales. Genera * See also * List of Agaricales families References Notes References {{reflist, 2, refs= {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=1983 , title=Beitrag zur ... References Crepidotaceae Agaricales genera Taxa named by Rolf Singer {{Agaricales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serpula Lacrymans
''Serpula lacrymans'' is one of the fungi that cause damage to timber referred to as dry rot. It is a basidiomycete in the order Boletales. The ''Serpula lacrymans'' has the ability to rapidly colonise sites through unique and highly specialised mycelium which also leads to greater degradation rates of wood cellulose. Taxonomy The species was first described under the name ''Boletus lacrymans'' by Franz Xavier von Wulfen in 1781. It was transferred to the genus '' Serpula'' by Petter Karsten in 1884. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin words ''serpula'' for "creeping" (as in a serpent) and ''lacrymans'', meaning "making tears". Environment ''Serpula lacrymans'' has a preference for temperatures of but can survive any temperature from . It is not clear how much light is needed to promote ''Serpula lacrymans'' growth. In terms of aeration ''Serpula lacrymans'' often grows near ventilation shafts which shows a preference for concentrated oxygen. A moisture content of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Frederick Gray
Samuel Frederick Gray (10 December 1766 – 12 April 1828) was a British botanist, mycologist, and pharmacologist. He was the father of the zoologists John Edward Gray and George Robert Gray. Background He was the son of Samuel Gray, a London seedsman. He received no inheritance and, after failing to qualify for medicine, turned to medical and botanical writing. He married Elizabeth Forfeit in 1794 and moved to Walsall, Staffordshire, where he established an assay office before he moved back to London in 1800. He set up an apothecary business in Wapping, which failed within a few years. Then, he seems to have maintained himself by writing and lecturing. Medical writings Gray wrote a ''Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia'', published in 1818 with several subsequent editions. In 1819, he became co-editor of the ''London Medical Repository'', to which he contributed many articles on medical, botanical, and other topics. He published, in 1823, ''The Elements of Pharmacy'' and, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Hendrik Persoon
Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (1 February 1761 – 16 November 1836) was a German mycologist who made additions to Linnaeus' mushroom taxonomy. Early life Persoon was born in South Africa at the Cape of Good Hope, the third child of an immigrant Pomeranian father and Dutch mother. His mother died soon after he was born; at the age of thirteen his father (who died a year later) sent him to Europe for his education. Education Initially studying theology at Halle, at age 22 (in 1784) Persoon switched to medicine at Leiden and Göttingen. He received a doctorate from the "Kaiserlich-Leopoldinisch-Carolinische Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher" in 1799. Later years He moved to Paris in 1802, where he spent the rest of his life, renting an upper floor of a house in a poor part of town. He was apparently unemployed, unmarried, poverty-stricken and a recluse, although he corresponded with botanists throughout Europe. Because of his financial difficulties, Persoon agr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus (plural, : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of Eukaryote, eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and Mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a Kingdom (biology), kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricomycetes
The Agaricomycetes are a class of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The taxon is roughly identical to that defined for the Homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes) by Hibbett & Thorn, with the inclusion of Auriculariales and Sebacinales. It includes not only mushroom-forming fungi, but also most species placed in the deprecated taxa Gasteromycetes and Homobasidiomycetes. Within the subdivision Agaricomycotina, which already excludes the smut and rust fungi, the Agaricomycetes can be further defined by the exclusion of the classes Tremellomycetes and Dacrymycetes, which are generally considered to be jelly fungi. However, a few former "jelly fungi", such as ''Auricularia'', are classified in the Agaricomycetes. According to a 2008 estimate, Agaricomycetes include 17 orders, 100 families, 1147 genera, and about 21000 species. Modern molecular phylogenetic analyses have been since used to help define several new orders in the Agaricomycetes: Amyloco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
