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Sergio Carbó
Sergio Carbó (born 1891 - April 18, 1971) was a prominent Conservative journalist and leader of the Cuban Revolutionary Party, Cuban Revolutionary party. Early history Sergio Carbó was born in the La Habana Province of Cuba. Journalism Sergio Carbó was the founder and the editor-in-chief of ''La Semana'', a weekly political commentary journal, in 1925. He started ''Zig-Zag'' in 1938 which was later re-established in Miami in 1960. From 1941 to 1960, he was the owner and director of the daily Havana newspaper ''Prensa Libre (Cuba), Prensa Libre''. Carbó had been detained in the political prison at La Cabaña, La Cabaña Fortress in January 1931, for publishing content in his newspaper, ''La Semana'', that the government found objectionable prior to his eventual release in February 1931. Rise to power Revolutionary expedition In May 1931, Carbó and Carlos Hevia equipped and led an expeditionary force from the United States which landed in Gíbara, a small community in the Ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the northern Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean meet. Cuba is located east of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), south of both Florida and the Bahamas, west of Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic), and north of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Havana is the largest city and capital. Cuba is the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country in the Caribbean after Haiti and the Dominican Republic, with about 10 million inhabitants. It is the largest country in the Caribbean by area. The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited as early as the 4th millennium BC, with the Guanahatabey and Taino, Taíno peoples inhabiting the area at the time of Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish colonization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulgencio Batista
Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who played a dominant role in Cuban politics from his initial rise to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants. He ruled Cuba as a military dictator until his overthrow in the Cuban Revolution in 1959. He served as president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and again from 1952 to his 1959 resignation. Raised in humble circumstances, Batista first came to prominence in the Revolt of the Sergeants, which overthrew the provisional government of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada. Batista then appointed himself chief of the armed forces, with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member "pentarchy" that functioned as the collective head of state. He maintained control through a series of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was elected president on a populist platform. He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuban Revolutionary Council
The Cuban Revolutionary Council (, CRC) was a group formed, with CIA assistance, three weeks before the April 17, 1961, Bay of Pigs Invasion to "coordinate and direct" the activities of another group known as the Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front. Both groups were composed of Cuban exiles dedicated to overthrowing Fidel Castro's communist government in Cuba. José Miró Cardona, former Prime Minister of Cuba, was chairman of the Cuban Revolutionary Council. On its board of directors were: Antonio de Varona, Justo Carrillo, Carlos Hevia, Antonio Maceo, Manuel Ray, and Manuel Artime. The Bay of Pigs Invasion floundered and Miró Cardona, whose son had joined the invasion force, blamed the CIA for the failure. Miró Cardona concluded that the CIA had disregarded resistance groups within Cuba, ignored the paramilitary groups led by Manuel Ray, and misled the Cuban exiles over the role of the U.S. military in the invasion. After the October 1962 missile crisis, the Kennedy ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumner Welles
Benjamin Sumner Welles (October 14, 1892September 24, 1961) was an American government official and diplomat. He was a major foreign policy adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and served as Under Secretary of State from 1936 to 1943, during Roosevelt's presidency. Born in New York City to a wealthy, well-connected political family, Welles graduated from Harvard College in 1914. He entered the Foreign Service at the advice of Franklin Roosevelt, who was a family friend. Welles was excited by Woodrow Wilson's ideas about how American principles could reorder the international system based on liberal democracy, free-trade capitalism, international law, a league of nations, and an end to colonialism. Welles specialized in Latin American diplomatic affairs and served several posts in Washington and in the field. President Calvin Coolidge distrusted Welles because of his divorce, and dismissed him from the foreign service. Welles left public service for some years, and wrot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One Hundred Days Government
The One Hundred Days Government (Spanish: ''Gobierno de los Cien Días'') is the name normally used in Cuba to refer to the Cuban government of Ramon Grau which lasted from 10 September 1933 until 15 January 1934. Background Leading up to this period, there were numerous public political pressure activities culminating with a general strike in reaction to the demagoguery and repression of Gerardo Machado's government which ended in its overthrow. The One Hundred days Beginnings Following the Sergeants' Revolt on 4 September 1933, a de facto military government took shape formed by unofficial sergeants, corporals and other soldiers and aided by student activists in the Directorio Estudiantil Universitario. After a brief period of collegial government called the Pentarchy of 1933 formed by five officials that lasted only five days, a new government was formed on 10 September with Ramón Grau chosen as president at the request of the university students. The new heterog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentarchy Of 1933
Pentarchy of 1933, formally known as the Executive Commission of the Provisional Government of Cuba, was a coalition that ruled Cuba from September 5 to September 10, 1933 after Gerardo Machado was deposed on August 12, 1933. Prior to the Pentarchy, General Alberto Herrera (August 12–13, 1933) and Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada (August 13 - September 5, 1933) served as President of Cuba. The members of the Pentarchy were: * Sergio Carbó y Morera (1891–1971), journalist * Porfirio Franca y Álvarez de la Campa (1878–1950), attorney, banker and economist * Ramón Grau San Martín (1887–1969), faculty member at the University of Havana School of Medicine * José Miguel Irisarri y Gamio (1895–1968), an attorney * Guillermo Portela y Möller (1886–1958), faculty member at the University of Havana School of Law The first thing the Pentarchy did was to draft a proclamation which was written by Sergio Carbó and signed by eighteen civilians and one military ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Junta
A military junta () is a system of government led by a committee of military leaders. The term ''Junta (governing body), junta'' means "meeting" or "committee" and originated in the Junta (Peninsular War), national and local junta organized by the Spanish resistance to Peninsular War, Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808.Junta ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (last updated 1998). The term is now used to refer to an authoritarian form of government characterized by oligarchic military dictatorship, as distinguished from other categories of authoritarian rule, specifically Strongman (politics), strongman (autocratic military dictatorships); machine (oligarchic party dictatorships); and bossism (autocratic party dictatorships). A junta often comes to power as a result of a coup d'état. The junta may either formally take ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Directorio Estudiantil Universitario
The Directorio Estudiantil Universitario (DEU; ) was founded in 1927 by University of Havana students against the backdrop of a power grab by President Gerardo Machado consisting of constitutional reforms designed to prolong his presidential term by two years, and to promote his reelection to an additional term of six years. In the period between pushing for these reforms and their adoption by the corrupt Constitutional Assembly, a strong opposition composed chiefly of university students formed against this "Machadato" (Machado + ''mandato'', mandate). The DEU held various protests against Machado's regime and was at the political forefront of the One Hundred Days Government led by Ramón Grau. The group dissolved itself on November 6, 1933. Background Student activism flourished in the 1920s. In 1922–1923, students formed an organization called the Federación Estudiantil Universitaria (FEU; University Student Federation) which addressed political as well as scholastic issues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porfirio Franca
Porfirio Franca y Álvarez de la Campa (18781950) was a Cuban Conservative business man, banker and a member of the Pentarchy of 1933. Early history Porfirio Franca was born in Havana, Cuba in 1878. In 1902, Franca was founding member of the Vedado Tennis Club in Vedado which he presided over for 15 years. He managed the local Havana branch of the National City Bank of New York and was director of the Central Bank of Cuba, Banco Nacional de Cuba.Benjamin, J. R. (1977). The United States and Cuba: Hegemony and Dependent Development, 1880–1934. United States: University of Pittsburgh Press. In 1923, the International Olympic Committee, International Olympic Committee (IOC) elected Porfirio Franca, who held the Cuban seat until 1938. He was instrumental in staging the 1930 Central American and Caribbean Games in Havana. Politics After Gerardo Machado was deposed on August 12, 1933, Franca declined to accept an offer as the Secretary of the Treasury under the incoming Carlo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillermo Portela
Guillermo Portela y Möller (born November 1, 1886–1958) was a lawyer, law professor and member of the Pentarchy of 1933. Early History Guillermo Portela was born in La Habana, Cuba. He was the head of a law firm in Havana and professor of Criminal Law at the University of Havana. Politics In the early 1930s, Portela spent two years in prison for defending student opponents of deposed President Gerardo Machado. He was hospitalized for two months following his release. The university professor sought recovery in Hendersonville, North Carolina, during the winter of 1932 and stayed there for five months and a few weeks during the summer. With the fall of the Machado regime in 1933, he made his way back to Cuba. Pentarchy of 1933 As one of the five members of the Executive Commission of the Provisional Government of Cuba appointed on September 5, 1933, Portela served alongside José Irisarri, Porfirio Franca, Ramón Grau, and Sergio Carbó. The position of Minister of Justice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Irisarri
José Miguel Irisarri y Gamio (born 1895 - 1968) was a lawyer and a member of the Pentarchy of 1933. Biography Early life José Miguel Irisarri y Gamio was born in Abreus, Santa Clara Province (now Cienfuegos Province), Spanish Cuba, on August 31, 1895. He completed his early studies in Spain. From 1923 to 1924, he participated in the Veterans' And Patriots' Movement led by Carlos García Vélez in opposition to the Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso administration. He was educated as a lawyer. On January 17, 1930, he participated in a debate at the Havana Bar Association. Politics Irisarri was an early member of the Directorio Estudiantil Universitario () established at the University of Havana. For rejecting the presidency of a Gerardo Machado electoral district, he was imprisoned for two years in Castillo del Príncipe on the Isle of Pines. He went into exile in May 1931 and returned to Cuba amid the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada presidency. During this period, Sumner Welles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramón Grau
Ramón Grau San Martín (; 13 September 1881 – 28 July 1969) was a Cuban physician who served as President of Cuba from 1933 to 1934 and from 1944 to 1948. He was the last president (other than Carlos Manuel Piedra who was interim president for one day) born during Spanish rule. He is sometimes called Raymond Grau San Martin in English. Background His parents were Francisco Grau Vinals and Pilar San Martin y del Collado. Grau's father, a rich tobacco grower, wanted Ramón to continue in his footsteps, but Ramón himself wanted to be a doctor. He studied at the University of Havana and graduated in 1908 with a Doctor of Medicine degree, then expatriated to Europe in order to expand his medical knowledge. He returned to Cuba in 1921 and became a professor of physiology at the University of Havana. In the 1920s, he was involved with the student protests against then-President Gerardo Machado, and was jailed in 1931. Upon his release he was exiled from Cuba, temporarily migra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
