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Sarna (religion)
Sarnaism is a Indian religions, religious faith of the Indian subcontinent, predominantly followed by Adivasi, indigenous communities of the Chota Nagpur Plateau region across states such as Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh. The essence of the Sarna faith revolves around nature worship. Its core principles emphasize ''jal'' (water), ''jaṅgal'' (forest) and ''jamīn'' (land), with adherents offering prayers to trees and hills while believing in the protection of forests. This belief centers around the reverence of Sarna (place), Sarna, the Sacred groves of India, sacred groves of village communities, where the village deity, known as Grāmadevatā, Gram Deota resides, and where Animal sacrifice, sacrificial offerings are made twice a year. It is also referred to as "Sarna Dharma" or the "Religion of the Holy Woods", and it holds the distinction of being India's largest tribal religion. Etymology The term "Sarna (place), Sarna", derived from the Mundari l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santals
The Santal (or Santhal) are an Austroasiatic-speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent. Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha, Bihar, Assam and Tripura. They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division. They have a sizeable population in Nepal. The Santals speak Santali, the most widely spoken Munda languages of Austroasiatic language family. Etymology Santal is most likely derived from an exonym. The term refers to inhabitants of in erstwhile Silda in Medinapore region in West Bengal. The Sanskrit word ''Samant'' or Bengali ''Saont'' means plain land. Their ethnonym is ("child of human"). History Origins According to linguist Paul Sidwell, Austro-Asiatic language speakers probably arrived on the coast of Odisha from Indochina about 4,000–3,500 years ago ( BCE). The Austroasiatic speakers spread from Southeast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaherthan
Jaherthan, also known as Jahirathan or Jahergarh (Hindi: जाहेरथान, जाहिराथान, जाहेरगढ़), is a sacred grove that is considered the residence of Jaher Ayo and is a worship site for the Santal, Bhumij, Paharia and Bedia tribes in India and Bangladesh. It is a characteristic feature of Bhumij and Santal villages, typically located on the village's outskirts, where many holy spirits reside and where a series of annual festivals take place. The grove is designated during the village's founding and remains undisturbed except during festivals. Inside the grove, a series of uncut stones represent the ''Bongas'' (spirits), for which they are not considered substitutes except during festival rituals. Religion The Jaherthan is a sacred worship site for followers of Sarna and Sari Dharam, notably the Santal, Bhumij, Bedia and other tribes. Role in tribal society Among the Santals and Bhumijs, the Jaherthan is a communal space where the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raghunath Murmu
Raghunath Murmu (5 May 1905 – 1 February 1982) was an Indian Santali writer and educator. He developed the Ol Chiki script for Santali language. Until the nineteenth century, Santali people had no written language and knowledge was transmitted orally from one generation to other. Later European researchers and Christian missionaries started to use Bengali, Odia, and Roman scripts to document the Santali language. However, Santalis did not have their own script. His development of the Ol Chiki script enriched the cultural identity of the Santali society. He wrote many songs, plays and school text books in the Ol Chiki script. Biography Raghunath Murmu was born on the day of Baisakhi Purnima (Buddha Purnima), 1905 in the Dandbose (Dahardih) village (near Rairangpur town) of Mayurbhanj State (now in Odisha), India. He is the son of Nandlal Murmu and Salma Murmu. His father, Nandlal Murmu, was a village head and his paternal uncle was a Munsi in the court of King Pratap Chan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaipal Singh Munda
Jaipal Singh Munda (3 January 1903 – 20 March 1970) was an Indian politician, writer, and sportsman. He was a member of the Constituent Assembly, which debated the new Constitution of the Indian Union. He also captained the Indian field hockey team to a gold medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. Later, he emerged as a campaigner for the causes of Adivasis and the creation of a separate homeland for them in central India. As a member of the Constituent Assembly of India, he advocated for the rights of the entire tribal community. Early life Jaipal Singh Munda, also known as Pramod Pahan, was born in a Christian Munda family, on 3 January 1903 in Takra-Hatudami, Pahan Toli village, which was then part of the Khunti subdivision (now a district) of Ranchi in the Bengal presidency of British India (present-day Jharkhand). During his childhood, Munda's job responsibility was to look after the cattle herd. After receiving his early education in the village, he was broug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Ranchi
Ranchi district is one among the twenty-four districts of the state of Jharkhand in Eastern India. This region was under the control of the Magadha Empire, then it was a part of the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka and later a part of the Gupta Empire. After the fall of the Gupta Empire a legendary king named Phanimukut established the Nagvanshi dynasty and controlled the Chota Nagpur plateau region for several centuries thereafter. Early history The early evidence of use of several Iron slag, pot sheds, Iron tools found in Chota Nagpur Plateau region around 1400 BCE. Samudragupta, while marching through the present-day Chotanagpur region, directed the first attack against the kingdom of Dakshina Kosala in the Mahanadi valley. Medivial period Nagvanshi dynasty was ruling in the region. The region was free from any external influence until the accession of Akbar the Great to the Mughal throne. In the year 1585, Akbar's forces defeated the Raja of Kokrah Madhu Singh and exploited t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurukh People
The Kurukh or Oraon, also spelt Uraon or Dhangad, ( Kurukh: ''Karḵẖ'' and ''Oṛāōn'') are a Dravidian speaking ethnolinguistic group inhabiting Chhotanagpur Plateau and adjoining areas - mainly the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal. They predominantly speak Kurukh as their native language, which belongs to the Dravidian language family. In Maharashtra, Oraon people are also known as Dhangad. Traditionally, Oraons depended on the forest and farms for their ritual practices and livelihoods, but in recent times, they have become mainly settled agriculturalists. Many Oraon migrated to tea gardens of Assam, West Bengal and Bangladesh as well as to countries like Fiji, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago and Mauritius during British rule, where they were known as ''Hill Coolies''. They are listed as a Scheduled Tribe in seven Indian states for the purpose of reservation system. Etymology According to Edward Tuite Dalton, "Oraon" is an exonym assi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam In India
Islam is India's Religion in India, second-largest religion, with 14.2% of the country's population, or approximately 172.2 million people, identifying as adherents of Islam in a 2011 census. India also has the Islam by country, third-largest number of Muslims in the world. The majority of India's Muslims are Sunni, with Shia making up around 15% of the Muslim population. Islam spread in Indian communities along the Arab coastal trade routes in Gujarat and in Malabar Coast shortly after the religion emerged in the Arabian Peninsula. Islam arrived in the inland of Indian subcontinent in the 7th century when the Arabs invaded and conquered Sindh and later arrived in Punjab and North India in the 12th century via the Ghaznavids and Ghurid dynasty, Ghurids conquest and has since become a part of India's Culture of India, religious and cultural heritage. The Barwada Mosque in Ghogha, Gujarat built before 623 CE, Cheraman Juma Mosque (629 CE) in Methala, Kerala and Palaiya Jumma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity In India
Christianity is Religion in India, India's third-most followed religion with about 28 million adherents, making up 2.3 percent of the population as of the 2011 Census of India, 2011 census. Christianity is the largest religion in parts of Northeast India, specifically in Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya. It is also a significant religion in Arunachal, where about 30 percent of the state is Christian. Nearly two-thirds (65 percent) of India's Christians are found in South India, Goa and Bombay. The oldest known Christian group in North India are the Hindustani language, Hindustani-speaking Bettiah Christians of Bihar, formed in the early 1700s through a Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin, Capuchin mission and under the patronage of ''Rajas'' (kings) in the Moghal Empire. The Church of North India and the Church of South India are a United Protestant denomination; which resulted from the evangelism/ ecumenism of Anglicans in India, Anglicans, Calvinists, Methodists and other Protesta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinduism
Hinduism () is an Hypernymy and hyponymy, umbrella term for a range of Indian religions, Indian List of religions and spiritual traditions#Indian religions, religious and spiritual traditions (Sampradaya, ''sampradaya''s) that are unified by adherence to the concept of ''dharma'', a Ṛta, cosmic order maintained by its followers through rituals and righteous living, as expounded in the Vedas. The word ''Hindu'' is an exonym, and while Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, it has also been described by the modern term ''Sanātana Dharma'' () emphasizing its eternal nature. ''Vaidika Dharma'' () and ''Arya dharma'' are historical endonyms for Hinduism. Hinduism entails diverse systems of thought, marked by a range of shared Glossary of Hinduism terms, concepts that discuss God in Hinduism, theology, Hindu mythology, mythology, among other topics in Hindu texts, textual sources. Hindu texts have been classified into Śruti () and Smṛti (). The major Hin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Religion
Indigenous religion or native religion is a category used in the study of religion to demarcate the religious belief systems of communities described as being " indigenous". This category is often juxtaposed against others such as the " world religions" and " new religious movements". The term is commonly applied to a range of different belief systems across the Americas, Australasia, Asia, Africa, and Northern Europe, particularly to those practiced by communities living under the impact of colonialism. The term "indigenous religions" is usually applied to the localised belief systems of small-scale societies. These belief systems do not typically engage in proselytization, thus distinguishing them from movements like Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism that all seek converts and which are typically classified as "world religions". They are also often characterised as being distinct from the "world religions" because they are orally transmitted, intertwined with traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature Religion
A nature religion is a religious movement that believes nature and the natural world is an embodiment of divinity, sacredness or spiritual power. Beyer 1998. p. 11. Nature religions include indigenous religions practiced in various parts of the world by cultures who consider the environment to be imbued with spirits and other sacred entities. It also includes modern Pagan faiths, which are primarily concentrated in Europe and North America. The term "nature religion" was first coined by the American religious studies scholar Catherine Albanese, who used it in her work ''Nature Religion in America: From the Algonkian Indians to the New Age'' (1991), and she later went on to use it in other studies. After Albanese developed the term, it has been used by other academics working in the discipline. Definition Catherine Albanese described nature religion as "a symbolic center and the cluster of beliefs, behaviours, and values that encircles it", deeming it to be useful for shining ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarnaism In 1961
Sarnaism is a religious faith of the Indian subcontinent, predominantly followed by indigenous communities of the Chota Nagpur Plateau region across states such as Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh. The essence of the Sarna faith revolves around nature worship. Its core principles emphasize ''jal'' (water), ''jaṅgal'' (forest) and ''jamīn'' (land), with adherents offering prayers to trees and hills while believing in the protection of forests. This belief centers around the reverence of Sarna, the sacred groves of village communities, where the village deity, known as Gram Deota resides, and where sacrificial offerings are made twice a year. It is also referred to as "Sarna Dharma" or the "Religion of the Holy Woods", and it holds the distinction of being India's largest tribal religion. Etymology The term "Sarna", derived from the Mundari language, means "sacred grove" and refers to sites where tribal religious practices take place. However, the term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
