|
Sandfly Fever Naples Phlebovirus
Sandfly fever Naples virus is an antigenic species of genus ''Phlebovirus'' within the family ''Phenuiviridae'' of the order ''Hareavirales''. It is an enveloped RNA virus with a tripartite genome. Its natural reservoir are sandflies. The SFNV serogroup consists of two main serocomplexes associated with disease in humans, the Naples and Sicilian serocomplexes. Sandfly fever induces myalgia, fever, and elevated liver enzymes in humans. It is difficult to diagnose outside endemic areas. Natural reservoir Phlebotomine sandflies (Psychodidae Psychodidae, also called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a Family (biology), family of Fly, true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings, giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one ...) are the natural reservoir and transmit to humans via bite. Psychodidae has a wide geographical distribution. References External links Sandfly fever Naples virus taxonomy* Database search resu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlebovirus
''Phlebovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family '' Phenuiviridae'' in the order '' Hareavirales''. The genus contains 67 species. It derives its name from Phlebotominae, the vectors of member species Sandfly fever Naples virus, which is said to be ultimately from the Greek , meaning "vein". The proper word for "vein" in ancient Greek is however ''phleps'' (φλέψ). Virology Phleboviruses are viruses with a negative-sense RNA genome consisting of three segments. The small segment (S) codes for the viral N protein and a non structural protein, NSs via an ambisense coding strategy. The medium-sized segment (M) codes for a precursor of the viral glycoproteins and non-structural components. The product of the largest segment (L) is the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Replication Phleboviruses replicate in a seven step process. First, the cellular attachment is driven through the glycoprotein interactions with host cells. Examples of this are Dendritic Cell-Specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phenuiviridae
''Phenuiviridae'' is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order '' Hareavirales''. Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Virology Structure Members of ''Phenuiviridae are'' enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12). Genome ''Phenuiviridae'' is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family. Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment. Some members of the family have ambisense gene encoding on the S segment ( nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases. Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome. Life cycle RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated. Translation Translation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hareavirales
''Hareavirales'' is an order of viruses. The order belongs to the class '' Bunyaviricetes'' and contains nine families. Taxonomy The order contains the following families: * '' Arenaviridae'' * '' Discoviridae'' * '' Konkoviridae'' * '' Leishbuviridae'' * '' Mypoviridae'' * '' Nairoviridae'' * ''Phenuiviridae ''Phenuiviridae'' is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order '' Hareavirales''. Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Virology Structure Members of ''Phenuiviridae are'' enveloped viruses with hel ...'' * '' Tosoviridae'' * '' Wupedeviridae'' References Virus orders Negarnaviricota {{virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandflies
Sandfly or sand fly is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking dipteran (fly) encountered in sandy areas. In the United States, ''sandfly'' may refer to certain horse flies that are also known as "greenheads" (family ''Tabanidae''), or to members of the family ''Ceratopogonidae''. The bites usually result in a small, intensely itchy bump or welt, the strength of which intensifies over a period of 5-7 days before dissipating. Sandfly bites can be distinguished from mosquito bites as sandfly bite are usually found in clusters as they attack animals in groups. Moderate relief is achieved with varying success through the application of over-the-counter products such as Benadryl (ingested) or an analgesic cream such as After Bite (applied topically). Outside the United States, ''sandfly'' may refer to members of the subfamily Phlebotominae within the Psychodidae. Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) are sometimes called sandflies or no-see-ums (no-se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pappataci Fever
Pappataci fever (also known as phlebotomus fever and, somewhat confusingly, sandfly fever and three-day fever) is a vector-borne febrile arboviral infection caused by three serotypes of Phlebovirus. It occurs in subtropical regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. The name, pappataci fever, comes from the Italian word for sandfly; it is the union of the words ''pappa'' (usually this is used as a generic name for food, but in this case it is a ''verb'' meaning "eating") and ''taci'' (silent), distinguishing these insects from blood-feeding mosquitoes, which produce a typical noise while flying. Signs and symptoms A few days after the infective bite, a feeling of lassitude, abdominal distress and chills develop followed by fever of , severe frontal headaches, muscle and joint aches, flushing of the face and a fast heart rate. After two days the fever begins to subside and the temperature returns to normal. Fatigue, a slow heart rate and low blood pressure may persist from a few days ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlebotomine
The Phlebotominae are a subfamily of the family Psychodidae. In several countries, their common name is sandfly, but that name is also applied to other flies. The Phlebotominae include many genera of blood-feeding (hematophagous) flies, including the primary vectors of leishmaniasis, bartonellosis, and pappataci fever. Sandflies are small; a body size of about 3 mm in length is typical for many species, which aids them in escaping notice. Their bite is not always felt, but leaves a small, round, reddish bump that starts itching hours or days later. Use of insect repellent is recommended in areas where sandflies are present. Diet and reproduction Phlebotomine sandflies have a diet that includes both blood and plant-derived sugar meals. Phlebotomine females, and only females, suck blood from various mammals, reptiles, and birds, while both sexes consume sugary substances including nectar, honeydew, and phloem sap from plants. Some species are selective about their hosts, whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychodidae
Psychodidae, also called drain flies, sink flies, filter flies, sewer flies, or sewer gnats, is a Family (biology), family of Fly, true flies. Some genera have short, hairy bodies and wings, giving them a "furry" moth-like appearance, hence one of their common names, moth flies. Members of the sub-family Phlebotominae, which are hematophagous (feed on blood), may be called sand flies in some countries, although this term is also used for other unrelated flies, such as horse flies (Tabanidae) and no-see-ums (Ceratopogonidae). There are more than 2,600 described species worldwide, most of them native to the humid tropics. This makes them one of the most diverse families of their order. Drain flies sometimes inhabit plumbing drains and sewage systems, where they are harmless, but may be a persistent annoyance. Life cycle The larvae of the subfamilies Psychodinae, Sycoracinae and Horaiellinae live in aquatic to semi-terrestrial or sludge-based habitats, including bathroom sinks, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
