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Saišangga
Saišangga ( mnc, ᠰᠠᡳ᠌ᡧᠠᠩᡤᠠ, , 1798–1875), courtesy name Heting (鶴汀), was a Qing dynasty official and linguist from the Mongolian Alut clan and the Mongolian Plain Blue Banner. He was the father of Imperial Noble Consort Gongsu. His third son was Chongqi. Saišangga obtained ''juren'' degree in the imperial examination in 1816. Influenced by his father Jinghui (景煇), whom was also a linguist, Saišangga was proficient in Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese. Therefore, he was highly valued by Daoguang and Xianfeng. He had served as Grand Councillor, Minister of Lifan Yuan, Minister of War, Minister of Works, Minister of Revenue, Minister of Personnel, Grand Secretary and other positions. During the First Opium War, he was twice sent to Tianjin to supervise the defense of the coast. In the year 1851, Taiping Rebellion broke out in Guangxi. The provincial governor Zhou Tianjue (周天爵) and provincial military commander Xiang Rong were unable to sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qi Junzao
Qi Junzao (; July 11, 1793 – October 22, 1866) was a Chinese politician and calligrapher. Considered one of the "four great Chinese calligraphy, calligraphers" of the 1800s in China, he was also a prominent poet. He later became leader of the Grand Council (Qing dynasty), Grand Council of the Qing dynasty's imperial court. Qi Juanzao was Han Chinese and had special influence in the Daoguang Emperor, Daoguang and Xianfeng Emperor, Xianfeng eras. He was an exponent of the Song school of Chinese poetry. Literature * References Qing dynasty calligraphers 19th-century Chinese poets Qing dynasty politicians Grand Councillors of the Qing dynasty Grand Secretaries of the Qing dynasty Assistant Grand Secretaries 1793 births 1866 deaths Royal tutors {{China-poet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chongqi (official)
Chongqi (, 1829–1900), courtesy name Wenshan (文山), was a Qing dynasty official from the Alut clan (阿魯特氏). He was the father of Empress Xiaozheyi. Chongqi was the third son of Saišangga. He started out in official life by purchasing the degree of a licentiate. In 1865, he obtained ''zhuangyuan'' degree in the imperial examination and was selected a '' xiuzhuan'' (修撰) of the Hanlin Academy. He was the only Mongolian ''zhuangyuan'' in the Qing Dynasty, scholar-officials praised him highly. Chongqi had served as Secretary of Cabinet (內閣學士), Vice Minister of Personnel (吏部侍郎), Vice Minister of Revenue (戶部侍郎), deputy lieutenant-general of the Han Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner (鑲黃旗漢軍副都統), lieutenant-general of Rehe (熱河都統), general of Mukden (盛京將軍), Minister of Personnel and other positions. As an official hostile to Christianity, Chongqi was promoted to the Minister of Revenue by Empress Dowager Cixi during the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alut Clan
Alut () was a clan of Manchu nobility. The clan initially belonged to Mongol Plain Blue Banner, but later was transferred to Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner, one of the upper banners of Eight Banner System. Some descendants of the clan adopted surname Ke (克). Notable figures Males Dexing (德兴) *Jinghui (景辉), a top candidate on provincial examination (翻译举人, pinyin:fangyu juren) **Saišangga (賽尚阿/赛尚阿; 1794–1875), served as the Minister of Works from 1841 to 1845 *** Chongqi (崇綺/崇绮; 1829–1900), the top candidate in the 1865 imperial examination, served as a fourth rank literary official (侍講) in the Hanlin Academy, the Minister of Revenue from 1884 to 1886 and in 1900 and the Minister of Personnel in 1886, and held the title of a third class duke (三等公) ***Chonggang (崇纲), a fifth rank literary official (员外郎) ****Kechang (克昌) ; Prince Consort Females Imperial Consort * Empress ** Empress Xiaozheyi (1854–1875), the Tongzhi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Du Shoutian
Du Shoutian (, 1787–1852), courtesy name Zhinong (芝農), was a Chinese statesman of the Qing dynasty. Du Shoutian was the son of Du E (杜堮). He obtained the highest degree (''jinshi'') in the imperial examination and was selected a ''shujishi'' of the Hanlin Academy in 1823. Since 1835, Du served as tutor of Prince Yizhu, whom later enthroned as the Xianfeng Emperor. (Draft History of Qing Volume 385) It is said that Daoguang Emperor was undecided which of his sons, Yizhu or Yixin, should be made the inheritor. Once, Daoguang took the princes to Nanyuan (南苑) for a hunting competition. Du told Yizhu beforehand not to kill any animals, and if the emperor ask why, he was to answer that spring was the season when all life was meant to thrive, so he had no heart to terminate them. Yizhu did so. Although Yixin caught the most fowls, Daoguang was very satisfied with Yizhu's answer and praised that Yizhu had the magnanimity of an emperor. In 1850, Daoguang Emperor was seri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noble Consort Xun (Tongzhi)
Noble Consort Xun (, 20 September 1857 – 14 April 1921), of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Arute (阿鲁特) clan, posthumous name Imperial Noble Consort Gongsu, was a consort of the Tongzhi Emperor. She was one year his junior. Life Family background Noble Consort Xun's personal name was not recorded in history. Her family originally belonged to the Mongol Plain Blue Banner. * Father: Saišangga (; 1794–1875), served as the Minister of Works from 1841 to 1845 ** Paternal grandfather: Jinghui (景辉) ** Paternal grandmother: Lady Zhang (张氏) * Mother: Lady Fuca ** Maternal grandfather: Xingfu (兴福) * Four brothers ** Third elder brother: Chongqi (; 1829–1900), the top candidate in the 1865 imperial examination, served as a fourth rank literary official () in the Hanlin Academy, the Minister of Revenue from 1884 to 1886 and in 1900 and the Minister of Personnel in 1886, and held the title of a third class duke (), the father of Empress Xiaozheyi (1854–1875) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Opium War
The First Opium War (), also known as the Opium War or the Anglo-Sino War was a series of military engagements fought between Britain and the Qing dynasty of China between 1839 and 1842. The immediate issue was the Chinese enforcement of their ban on the opium trade by seizing private opium stocks from merchants at Canton and threatening to impose the death penalty for future offenders. Despite the opium ban, the British government supported the merchants' demand for compensation for seized goods, and insisted on the principles of free trade and equal diplomatic recognition with China. Opium was Britain's single most profitable commodity trade of the 19th century. After months of tensions between the two nations, the British navy launched an expedition in June 1840, which ultimately defeated the Chinese using technologically superior ships and weapons by August 1842. The British then imposed the Treaty of Nanking, which forced China to increase foreign trade, give compensati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Language
Chinese (, especially when referring to written Chinese) is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in Greater China. About 1.3 billion people (or approximately 16% of the world's population) speak a variety of Chinese as their first language. Chinese languages form the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages family. The spoken varieties of Chinese are usually considered by native speakers to be variants of a single language. However, their lack of mutual intelligibility means they are sometimes considered separate languages in a family. Investigation of the historical relationships among the varieties of Chinese is ongoing. Currently, most classifications posit 7 to 13 main regional groups based on phonetic developments from Middle Chinese, of which the most spoken by far is Mandarin (with about 800 million speakers, or 66%), followed by Min (75 million, e.g. Southern Min), Wu (74 million, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daoguang Emperor
The Daoguang Emperor (; 16 September 1782 – 26 February 1850), also known by his temple name Emperor Xuanxong of Qing, born Mianning, was the seventh Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1820 to 1850. His reign was marked by "external disaster and internal rebellion." These included the First Opium War and the beginning of the Taiping Rebellion which nearly brought down the dynasty. The historian Jonathan Spence characterizes the Daoguang Emperor as a "well meaning but ineffective man" who promoted officials who "presented a purist view even if they had nothing to say about the domestic and foreign problems surrounding the dynasty." Early years The Daoguang Emperor was born in the Forbidden City, Beijing, in 1782, and was given the name Mianning (). It was later changed to Minning () when he became emperor. The first character of his private name was changed from ''Mian'' to ''Min'' to avoid the relatively co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xianfeng Emperor
The Xianfeng Emperor (17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), or by temple name Emperor Wenzong of Qing (), given name Yizhu (), was the eighth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigned from 1850 to 1861. During his reign, the Qing dynasty experienced several wars and rebellions including the Taiping Rebellion, Nian Rebellion, and Second Opium War (Arrow War). He was the last Chinese emperor to have authoritarian and total executive ruling power. After his death, the Qing government was controlled by Empress Dowager Cixi. Family and early life Yizhu was born in 1831 at the Old Summer Palace, eight kilometres northwest of Beijing. He was from the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, and was the fourth son of the Daoguang Emperor. His mother was the Noble Consort Quan, of the Manchu Niohuru clan, who was made Empress in 1834, and is known posthumously as Empress Xiaoquancheng. Yizhu was reputed to have an ability in literature and admin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guangxi
Guangxi (; ; alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam ( Hà Giang, Cao Bằng, Lạng Sơn, and Quảng Ninh Provinces) and the Gulf of Tonkin. Formerly a province, Guangxi became an autonomous region in 1958. Its current capital is Nanning. Guangxi's location, in mountainous terrain in the far south of China, has placed it on the frontier of Chinese civilization throughout much of Chinese history. The current name "Guang" means "expanse" and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in 226 AD. It was given provincial level status during the Yuan dynasty, but even into the 20th century, it was considered an open, wild territory. The abbreviation of the region is "" (Hanyu pinyin: ; Zhuang: ), which comes from the name of the city of Guilin, the provin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tianjin
Tianjin (; ; Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Tientsin (), is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China, with a total population of 13,866,009 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census. Its built-up (''or metro'') area, made up of 12 central districts (all but Baodi, Jizhou, Jinghai and Ninghe), was home to 11,165,706 inhabitants and is also the world's 29th-largest agglomeration (between Chengdu and Rio de Janeiro) and 11th- most populous city proper. It is governed as one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of Chinese central government and is thus under direct administration of the State Council. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. Part of the Bohai Economic Rim, it is the largest coastal city in Northern China and part of the Jing-Jin-Ji ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchu Language
Manchu (Manchu:, ) is a critically endangered East Asian Tungusic language native to the historical region of Manchuria in Northeast China. As the traditional native language of the Manchus, it was one of the official languages of the Qing dynasty (1636–1912) of China, although today the vast majority of Manchus speak only Mandarin Chinese. Several thousand can speak Manchu as a second language through governmental primary education or free classes for adults in classrooms or online. The Manchu language enjoys high historical value for historians of China, especially for the Qing dynasty. Manchu-language texts supply information that is unavailable in Chinese, and when both Manchu and Chinese versions of a given text exist they provide controls for understanding the Chinese. Like most Siberian languages, Manchu is an agglutinative language that demonstrates limited vowel harmony. It has been demonstrated that it is derived mainly from the Jurchen language though there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
