|
Russian State (1918–1920)
The Russian State () was a White Army anti-Bolshevik state proclaimed by the Act of the Ufa State Conference of September 23, 1918 (the Constitution of the Provisional All-Russian Government), “On the formation of the all-Russian supreme power” in the name of “restoring state unity and independence of Russia” affected by the Russian Revolution, revolutionary events of 1917, the October Revolution and the signing of the treaty of Brest-Litovsk with German Empire, Germany. Ufa State Conference act The delegations from Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly, the Provisional Siberian Government (Omsk), Provisional Siberian Government, the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals, Cossack Troops governments, governments of a number of national-state entities, several all-Russian political parties that were present at the meeting formed the Provisional All-Russian Government (the so-called “Ufa Directory”), which was headed by Nikolai Avksentiev. It was fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Russia
The national flag of the Russia, Russian Federation (, ) is a tricolour of three equal horizontal bands: white on the top, blue in the middle, and red on the bottom. The design was first introduced by Tsar Peter the Great in 1693, and in 1705 it was adopted as the civil ensign of the Tsardom of Russia; the flag continued to be used as a civil ensign under the Russian Empire. In 1858, Emperor Alexander II of Russia, Alexander II declared the black-yellow-white flag of the Russian Empire, black-yellow-white tricolour as the national flag, and in 1896 it was replaced by the white-blue-red tricolour by Nicholas II of Russia, Nicholas II. In 1917, following the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks banned the tricolour, though it continued to be flown by the White movement during the Russian Civil War. The Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, flag of the Russian SFSR was a red field with its Cyrillic script, Cyrillic acronym "РСФСР" in the upper-left corner, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provisional All-Russian Government
The Provisional All-Russian Government, informally known as the Directory, the Ufa Directory, or the Omsk Directory, was a short-lived government of the Russian State during the Russian Civil War, formed on 23 September 1918 at the State Conference in Ufa as a result of a forced and extremely unstable compromise of various anti-Communist forces in eastern Russia. It was dissolved two months later after the coup, which had brought Admiral Alexander Kolchak to power in Communist-free areas of eastern Russia. It was meant to be a continuation of the original Russian Provisional Government that was overthrown during the October Revolution in 1917. The Government was formed from the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly, mainly Socialist Revolutionaries and Kadets based in Samara, and from the Provisional Siberian Government of regional politicians and rightist officers and based in Omsk. The two regimes had previously failed to work effectively together, with riva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russians
Russians ( ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. Their mother tongue is Russian language, Russian, the most spoken Slavic languages, Slavic language. The majority of Russians adhere to Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Christianity, ever since the Middle Ages. By total numbers, they compose the largest Slavs, Slavic and Ethnic groups in Europe, European nation. Genetic studies show that Russians are closely related to Polish people, Poles, Belarusians, Ukrainians, as well as Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, and Finns. They were formed from East Slavic tribes, and their cultural ancestry is based in Kievan Rus'. The Russian word for the Russians is derived from the Names of Rus', Russia and Ruthenia, people of Rus' and the territory of Rus'. Russians share many historical and cultural traits with other European peoples, and especially with other East Slavic ethnic groups, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. The vast majority of Russians ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Military Currency (1894–1918)
is the name given to money used by the Armed Forces of the Empire of Japan, Japanese armed forces for the purchase of supplies in occupied territories. It was mainly issued in denominations of Japanese yen, yen, and subsidiary currency of sen with the exception of the first Sino-Japanese War series. This particular article covers pre-Shōwa (1926–1989), Shōwa era currency issued from 1894 to 1918 in three different periods. During this time Japan was militarily involved in the First Sino-Japanese War, Russo-Japanese War, and events during World War I such as the Siberian intervention. The military currency issued during these events circulated in Korea under Japanese rule, Japanese Korea, the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China (Manchuria), and the Russian State (1918–1920), Russian State. All of the notes issued share a similar design which resembles government issued civilian currency which circulated in Japan from 1872 to 1899. Japanese military currency was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Ruble
The ruble or rouble (; Currency symbol, symbol: ₽; ISO 4217, ISO code: RUB) is the currency of the Russia, Russian Federation. Banknotes and coins are issued by the Central Bank of Russia, which is Russia's central bank, monetary authority independent of all other government bodies.wikisource:en:Constitution of Russia#Article 75, Article 75 - Constitution of the Russian Federation (English translation) The ruble is the second-oldest currency in continuous use and the first Decimalisation, decimal currency. The ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire, which was replaced by the Soviet ruble (code: SUR) during the Soviet Union, Soviet period. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, by 1992, the Soviet ruble was replaced in the Russian Federation by the Russian ruble (code: RUR) Par value, at par. The Russian ruble then further continued to be used in 11 post-Soviet states, forming a "ruble zone" until 1993. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Siberian Ice March
The Great Siberian Ice March () was the name given to the winter retreat of Admiral Kolchak's Siberian Army from Omsk to Chita, in the course of the Russian Civil War between 14 November 1919 and March 1920. General Vladimir Kappel, who was appointed to this position in mid-December 1919, led the retreat. After his death from pneumonia on 26 January 1920, General Sergey Voytsekhovsky took command of the troops. Admiral Kolchak travelled ahead by train to Irkutsk but was halted by Czechoslovak troops in December and handed over to Left SR troops in Irkutsk on 14 January, who executed him on 7 February 1920. Prelude In the summer of 1919, the Red Army had gained a great victory against Kolchak's Army. The White forces re-established a line along the Tobol and the Ishim rivers to temporarily halt the Red Army, which was faced by an advance on Moscow from the south by Anton Denikin's White Army. By the autumn, Denikin had been defeated and the Red Army was able to di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolchak Coup
The Kolchak Coup or Omsk Coup refers to the events of 18 November 1918, when members associated with the left wing of the Directory (Provisional All-Russian Government) were arrested by members of the White Army in Omsk and the subsequent decision of the All-Russian Council of Ministers to transfer sole supreme power to Alexander Kolchak, the Minister of Military and Naval Affairs. Context According to Russian historian , the events that took place in Omsk on 18 November 1918 were generally the result of the struggle between two systems of government that unfolded after the overthrow of Soviet power in the Volga region and Siberia: the Omsk non-party "right" principle, personified by the Provisional Siberian Government, and the Samara narrow-party "left" principle represented by KOMUCH. The immediate pretext for the coup was the manifesto written by Viktor Chernov on behalf of the Central Committee of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. In it, Chernov called for the SR party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Meeting In Ufa
The State Conference in Ufa (also known as the Ufa State Conference, the Ufa Conference) which took place on September 8–23, 1918, in the city of Ufa in southern Russia (now the capital city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia) was the most representative forum of anti-Bolshevik governments, political parties, Cossack troops, and local governments of eastern Russia. Delegations There were 23 delegations (about 200 people) from the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (Samara), the Provisional Siberian Government (Omsk), the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals (Yekaterinburg), the military governments of the Cossack troops (Astrakhan, Yenisei, Irkutsk, Orenburg, Semirechensky, Siberian, and Ural), the governments of a number of national-state entities (the governments of Alash Autonomy, Bashkiria, Autonomous Turkestan, the National Administration of Muslims of the Turkic Tatars of Inner Russia and Siberia, and the Estonian Provisional Government), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Pepelyayev
Viktor Nikolayevich Pepelyayev (; 8 January 1885 – 7 February 1920) was a Russian politician, a supporter of Admiral Alexander Kolchak, a key perpetrator of the White Terror, and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the State of Russia. Biography Born on January 8, 1885, in Narym, Tomsk Governorate, in the family of Nikolai Pepelyaev, a general of the tsarist army. Victor graduated from Tomsk men's gymnasium. He entered the law faculty of Tomsk University, which he graduated in 1909. In 1909 he taught history at Biysk Gymnasium. In 1912 he was elected as an elector, and on October 20, 1912, at the provincial election meeting of the Tomsk province as a deputy of the State Duma from the cadet party. On January 15, 1914, at the First Teacher's Congress in St. Petersburg, he proposed to provide Siberian natives (Yakuts, etc.) with free primary education. By this he set Russian nationalists against himself. During World War I, Pepelyaev, along with another Siberian dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyotr Vologodsky
Pyotr Vasilievich Vologodsky (January 18, 1863 – November 19, 1925, ) was a Russian statesman, public figure, and mason. He was the first chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian State (1918—1920), Russian state and the second and last chairman of the Provisional Siberian Government (Omsk), Provisional Siberian government. Biography Born into the family of a priest, Vologodsky graduated in 1884 from Tomsk Men's Gymnasium, and later entered the law faculty of Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg University. He was expelled for "disreputable behaviour" in 1887 and sent to Tomsk. In 1892, he externally passed the exams for a course in the law faculty of National University of Kharkiv, Kharkiv University. From 1887 onwards he served in the judicial institutions of Tomsk, Barnaul, Almaty, Verny, and Semey, Semipalatinsk. With the introduction of judicial charters in Siberia in 1897, he became a sworn attorney. In 1905, he acted as a lawyer during the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Government (1918—1919)
The Russian Government (''Government of the Russian State, Omsk government, Kolchak government'') was the highest executive body in White movement, White-controlled parts of Russia during the Russian Civil War, formed as a result of the Kolchak Coup, coup of 18 November 1918 in Omsk headed by Alexander Kolchak. Composition Overview The government was composed of the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Supreme Ruler, the Council of Ministers and the Council of the Supreme Ruler. The government also included the Extraordinary State Economic Conference, which was later transformed into the State Economic Conference. On 17 December 1918, a special “Preparatory Conference” was created under the Government to deal with foreign policy issues and coordinate activities with the delegation of the “Russian Political Conference” representing Whites at the Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920), Paris Peace Conference. Under Kolchak, the Governing Senate (the highest court) was restored. The Dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin (, ; – 7 August 1947) was a Russian military leader who served as the Supreme Ruler of Russia, acting supreme ruler of the Russian State and the commander-in-chief of the White movement–aligned armed forces of South Russia (1919–1920), South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1923. Previously, he was a general in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. Childhood Denikin was born on 16 December 1872, in the village of Szpetal Dolny, part of the city Włocławek in Warsaw Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Poland). His father, Ivan Efimovich Denikin, had been born a serf in the province of Saratov. Sent as a recruit to do 25 years of military service, the elder Denikin became an officer in the 22nd year of his army service in 1856. He retired from the army in 1869 with the rank of major. In 1869, Ivan Denikin married Polish seamstress Elżbieta Wrzesińska as his second wife. Anton Denikin, the couple's only child, spoke bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
