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Rumford
Rumford may refer to: People * William Byron Rumford (1908–1986), California politician * Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1753–1814), American-British-German inventor, scientist, soldier, and official * Kennerley Rumford (1870–1957), English baritone singer Places * Rumford (crater), a location on the far side of the Moon * Rumford, Falkirk, a village in the Falkirk council area of Scotland * Rumford, Cornwall, a hamlet near Wadebridge in Cornwall ;United States * Rumford, Maine, a New England town ** Rumford (CDP), Maine, the main village in the town * Rumford, New Hampshire, former name of Concord, New Hampshire * Rumford, Rhode Island * Rumford, South Dakota * The Rumford River in Massachusetts Other * Rumford Fair Housing Act, California law repealed by California Proposition 14 (1964) * Rumford fireplace, an improved household fireplace * Rumford furnace, a kiln for making quicklime * Rumford Medal, science award made annually by the Royal Society * Rumford P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford
Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, FRS (german: Reichsgraf von Rumford; March 26, 1753August 21, 1814) was an American-born British physicist and inventor whose challenges to established physical theory were part of the 19th-century revolution in thermodynamics. He served as lieutenant-colonel of the King's American Dragoons, part of the British Loyalist forces, during the American Revolutionary War. After the end of the war he moved to London, where his administrative talents were recognized when he was appointed a full colonel, and in 1784 he received a knighthood from King George III. A prolific designer, Thompson also drew designs for warships. He later moved to Bavaria and entered government service there, being appointed Bavarian Army Minister and re-organizing the army, and, in 1792, was made a Count of the Holy Roman Empire. Early years Thompson was born in rural Woburn, Massachusetts, on March 26, 1753; his birthplace is preserved as a museum. He was educated mainly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Byron Rumford
William Byron Rumford (February 2, 1908 – June 12, 1986) was an American pharmacist and politician. He was the first African American elected to a state public office in Northern California. Family background Rumford was born in Courtland, Arizona, a now-defunct mining town, the second of Chauncey G. Rumford and Margaret Lee Johnson's two sons. His father, who had left the family when Rumford was very young, lived in Los Angeles, where his family had moved in about 1910 from Iowa by way of Colorado Springs. Rumford's mother's side were some of the first American settlers of Arizona. His maternal grandmother ran a boarding house in Tombstone and fought to keep the Tucson public schools desegregated. When Whites established separate schools, she relocated to Los Angeles, having decided that "she was not going to bring those kids up in a segregated environment." Rumford remained with his mother in Tucson, where she worked as a housekeeper. His older brother Chauncey move ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumford, Maine
Rumford is a town in Oxford County, Maine, United States. The population was 5,858 at the 2020 census. Rumford is home to both ND Paper Inc's Rumford Mill and the Black Mountain of Maine ski resort. History Originally called New Pennacook Plantation, the township was granted in 1779 to Timothy Walker, Jr. and associates of Concord, New Hampshire. Both Pennacook and Rumford are former names of Concord, from which many early settlers arrived. The first pioneers, however, were Jonathan Keyes and his son Francis in 1782 from Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. Incorporated in 1800, the town would later annex land from Peru and Franklin Plantation. Located in the foothills of the White Mountains, Rumford is the site of Pennacook Falls, called by historian George J. Varney "the grandest cataract in New England," where the Androscoggin River drops over solid granite. Bands of St. Francis Indians once hunted and fished here, where salmon spawn in the pool below Upper Falls, a barrier th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumford Fireplace
The Rumford fireplace is a tall, shallow fireplace designed by Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, an Anglo-American physicist best known for his investigations of heat. Its shallow, angled sides are designed to reflect heat into the room, and its streamlined throat minimizes turbulence, thereby carrying away smoke with little loss of heated room air. History Rumford applied his knowledge of heat to the improvement of fireplaces in the 1790s. He made them smaller and shallower with widely angled covings so they would radiate better. And he streamlined the throat, or in his words "rounded off the breast" so as to "remove those local hindrances which forcibly prevent the smoke from following its natural tendency to go up the chimney..." Rumford wrote two papers detailing his improvements on fireplaces in 1796 and 1798. He was well known and widely read in his lifetime and almost immediately in the 1790s his "Rumford fireplace" became state-of-the-art worldwide. Subsequent test ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumford Prize
Founded in 1796, the Rumford Prize, awarded by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, is one of the oldest scientific prizes in the United States. The prize recognizes contributions by scientists to the fields of heat and light. These terms are widely interpreted; awards range from discoveries in thermodynamics to improvements in the construction of steam boilers. The award was created through the endowment of US$5,000 to the Academy by Benjamin Thompson, who held the title "Count Rumford of the United Kingdom," in 1796. The terms state that the award be given to "authors of discoverie's in any part of the Continent of America, or in any of the American islands." Although it was founded in 1796, the first prize was not given until 1839, as the academy could not find anyone who, in their judgement, deserved the award. The academy found the terms of the prize to be too restrictive, and in 1832 the Supreme Court of Massachusetts allowed the Academy to change some of the prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Proposition 14 (1964)
California Proposition 14 was a November 1964 initiative ballot measure that amended the California state constitution to nullify the 1963 Rumford Fair Housing Act, thereby allowing property sellers, landlords and their agents to openly discriminate on ethnic grounds when selling or letting accommodations, as they had been permitted to before 1963. The proposition became law after receiving support from 65% of voters.Cal. Const. art. I, § 26 dopted November 3, 1964, and repealed November 5, 1974 In 1966, the California Supreme Court in a 5–2 split decision declared Proposition 14 unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the United States Constitution ( Fourteenth Amendment). The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed that decision in 1967 in '' Reitman v. Mulkey''. Political science research has tied white support for Proposition 14 to racial threat theory, which holds that an increase in the racial minority population triggers a fearful and discriminatory response by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumford's Soup
Rumford's Soup (''Rumfordsche Suppe'', also called economy soup) was an early effort in scientific nutrition. It was invented by Benjamin Thompson, Reichsgraf von Rumford, circa 1800 and consumed in Munich and greater Bavaria, where he was employed as an advisor to Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria. It was used as a ration for the poor, for Bavarian workhouses and military workhouses, and prisoners. Count Rumford has been credited in many instances for "establishing the first real soup kitchen." As a reformatory measure, the Bavarian government intended to institute workhouses for those on welfare. Rumford's charge was to provide the cheapest possible ration that was still a high-calorie, nutritious food. The soup came to be well known among philanthropic-minded people throughout Germany at the time, and Rumford set up his soup kitchens in many German cities. ISSN 0043-7425 Rumford's soup was a common base for inexpensive military rations in Central Europe for much of the nin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumford, Rhode Island
Rumford is the northern section of the city of East Providence, Rhode Island, USA. The Rumford section of East Providence borders Seekonk, Massachusetts, Pawtucket, Rhode Island and the Ten Mile River (Seekonk River). Rumford has been part of three towns and two states: Rehoboth, Massachusetts, Seekonk and East Providence, Rhode Island. It became part of Rhode Island in 1862. Rumford Baking Powder was made in the town at the Rumford Chemical Works and was named after Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford. Wannamoisett Country Club was established in Rumford in 1898 on land rented from Rumford Chemical Works and it hosts the Northeast Amateur Invitational Golf Tournament each year. The 1931 PGA Championship was played here. About of the Rumford area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, encompassing the historic heart of old Seekonk and the 19th-century center of East Providence. Bridgham Memorial Library Rumford hist dist.jpg, Bridgham Memorial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kennerley Rumford
Robert Henry Kennerley Rumford (2 September 1870 – 9 March 1957) was an English baritone singer of the 20th century. He was first known for his performances of oratorios, but following his marriage to the well-known contralto singer Clara Butt, he toured with her throughout the English-speaking world singing repertoire of a more popular type. He was twice mentioned in dispatches while serving on the Western Front during the First World War. Early and personal life Kennerley Rumford was born in Hampstead, London, England in 1870 the son of Joseph Kennerley Rumford who was related to Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford the celebrated scientist. He was educated at King's School Canterbury and also in Frankfurt and Paris. He studied singing in Paris under Giovanni Sbriglia (in 1894) and Jacques Bouhy, and in London under George Henschel. He also studied under Blume, Lierhammer and Jean de Reszke. On 26 June 1900 he married the contralto singer Clara Butt Dame Clara Ellen Butt, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumford Furnace
{{Short description, Kiln for the production of calcium oxide A Rumford furnace is a kiln for the industrial scale production in the 19th century of calcium oxide, popularly known as quicklime or burnt lime. It was named after its inventor, Benjamin Thompson, also known as Count Rumford, and is sometimes called a Rüdersdorf Rüdersdorf is a municipality in the district Märkisch-Oderland, in Brandenburg, Germany, near Berlin. It is served by the Schöneiche bei Berlin tramway which runs from Rüdersdorf through Schöneiche to Berlin-Friedrichshagen station on the B ... furnace after the location where it was first built and from where the design rapidly spread throughout Europe. Technology Rumford's innovation was to separate the combustion chambers for the limestone and the fuel. In previous designs, the fuel (traditionally wood or charcoal, later coal) was mixed with the limestone before burning, which meant that the quicklime end product was contaminated with ash and had to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumford, Falkirk
Rumford is a small village between Maddiston and Brightons in the Falkirk council area, of Scotland. The village went through a great deal of expansion in the late 1990s and early 2000s, resulting in the population increasing exponentially since the 1991 census, when it was recorded as around 275 residents. In the 2001 and 2011 censuses, Falkirk Council reported the population as being 421 and 884 respectively. See also * Falkirk Braes villages *List of places in Falkirk council area ''Map of places in Falkirk council area compiled from this list'':See the list of places in Scotland for places in other counties. The article is a list of links for any town, village, hamlet, castle, golf course, historic house, hillfort, lighth ... References External links Canmore - Rumford, Maddiston Road, St Anthony site record Villages in Falkirk (council area) {{Falkirk-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rumford Medal
The Rumford Medal is an award bestowed by Britain's Royal Society every alternating year for "an outstandingly important recent discovery in the field of thermal or optical properties of matter made by a scientist working in Europe". First awarded during 1800, it was created after a 1796 donation of $5000 by the scientist Benjamin Thompson, known as Count Rumford, and is accompanied by a gift of £1000. Since its inception, the award has been granted to 104 scientists, including Rumford himself during 1800. It has been awarded to citizens of the United Kingdom sixty-one times, France fourteen times, Germany eight times, the Netherlands seven times, Sweden four times, the United States three times, Italy twice and once each to citizens of Australia, Hungary, Belgium, Luxembourg and New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
