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Rubislaw Quarry
Rubislaw Quarry is a quarry situated at the Hill of Rubislaw in the west end of the city of Aberdeen, Scotland. The quarry is one of the biggest man-made holes in Europe at approximately 466 ft. (142m) deep, and with a diameter of 394 ft. (120m). Since its closure in 1971, it has filled with water and is currently inaccessible to the public. As late as the 1800s, the quarry would have stood on the farmland surrounding Aberdeen but slowly it was encircled as the town grew into a city. In the present day, the quarry's situation feels unusual, sited on a main road, sandwiched between residential areas on three sides and a business park to the north. An estimated six million tonnes of granite were extracted from the quarry over a period of 200 years which directly contributed to Aberdeen's reputation as the ''Granite City''. The majority of prestigious buildings erected in Aberdeen in the late 18th century and early 19th century were made from the quarry's contents, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubislaw Quarry Aerial
Rubislaw is an area of Aberdeen, Scotland. It is located in the area between Queen's Road and King's Gate, including Rubislaw Den North and South. It is close to Rubislaw Quarry and the Rubislaw Playing Fields used by Aberdeen Grammar School. The buildings of the area are primarily Victorian or 1930s. Before becoming a suburb of the city, Rubislaw was a landed estate belonging to the Skene family. Their seat, Rubislaw House, stood on what is now Queen's Road and was of 17th century date. It was demolished in 1886 and succeeded by an elaborate Gothic villa of the same name. Attractions *Gordon Highlanders Museum * Johnston Gardens Notable residents *Prof Robert Douglas Lockhart FRSE LLD (1894–1987), Professor of Anatomy at Aberdeen University *Prof Marcus Sachs Marcus Sachs (1812–1869) was a Polish Jew who emigrated to Scotland and became Professor of Hebrew at the Free Church Divinity Hall in Aberdeen (later known as Christ's College). Life He was born the son ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matthew Forster Heddle
Matthew Forster Heddle FRSE (28 April 1828 – 19 November 1897) was a Scottish physician and amateur mineralogist active through the 19th century. Life He was born at Melsetter in Orkney, the son of Robert Heddle (1780–1842) and his wife, Henrietta Moodie. After receiving his early education at Edinburgh Academy 1837 to 1843 he moved to Merchiston Castle School. In 1845, he entered as a medical student at the University of Edinburgh, and subsequently studied chemistry and mineralogy at Klausthal and Freiburg. In 1851 he took his degree of MD at Edinburgh, and for about five years practised there. In the 1850s, together with Patrick Dudgeon, he undertook a survey of the Faroe Islands also collecting many minerals. This was followed by similar survey expeditions to the Shetland Islands and Orkney. They co-founded the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain in 1876. Medical work, however, possessed for him little attraction. He became an assistant to Arthur Connell, who he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quarries In Scotland
A quarry is a type of open-pit mine in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate is excavated from the ground. The operation of quarries is regulated in some jurisdictions to manage their safety risks and reduce their environmental impact. The word ''quarry'' can also include the underground quarrying for stone, such as Bath stone. History For thousands of years, only hand tools had been used in quarries. In the eighteenth century, the use of drilling and blasting operations was mastered. Types of rock Types of rock extracted from quarries include: *Chalk *China clay *Cinder *Clay *Coal *Construction aggregate (sand and gravel) *Coquina *Diabase *Gabbro *Granite *Gritstone *Gypsum *Limestone *Marble *Ores *Phosphate rock *Quartz *Sandstone *Slate *Travertine Methods of quarrying The method of removal of stones from their natural bed by using different operations is called quarrying. Methods of quarrying include: *a) Dig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geography Of Aberdeen
Aberdeen, Scotland is a city located between the River Dee, Aberdeenshire, River Dee and the River Don, Aberdeenshire, River Don. Climate Exposed Aberdeen is noted for its biting winds and driving rain, which sweep in from the North Sea, the mean temperature is and it varies between an average low of . In summer (June - August) the average high is and average low . In winter (December - February) the average high is and average low . The average yearly precipitation is , with in summer (June - August) and in winter (December - February). The wettest months are October and November. Demographics Education: Educationally Aberdeen has a higher student rate than the national average of 11.5% compared with 7% nationally. Household: In the household, there were 97,013 individual dwellings recorded in the city of which 61% were privately owned, 9% privately rented and 23% rented from the council. The most popular type of dwellings are apartments which have 49% of residences fol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Scotsman
''The Scotsman'' is a Scottish compact (newspaper), compact newspaper and daily news website headquartered in Edinburgh. First established as a radical political paper in 1817, it began daily publication in 1855 and remained a broadsheet until August 2004. Its parent company, National World, also publishes the ''Edinburgh Evening News''. It had an audited print circulation of 8,762 for July to December 2022. Its website, Scotsman.com, had an average of 138,000 unique visitors a day as of 2017. The title celebrated its bicentenary on 25 January 2017. History ''The Scotsman'' was conceived in 1816 and first launched on 25 January 1817 as a liberal weekly newspaper by lawyer William Ritchie (Newspaper Editor), William Ritchie and customs official Charles Maclaren in response to the "unblushing subservience" of competing newspapers to the Edinburgh establishment. These two plus John Ramsay McCulloch were co-founders of the venture. The paper was pledged to "impartiality, firm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aberdeen Press And Journal
''The Press and Journal'' is a daily regional newspaper serving northern and Highland Scotland including the cities of Aberdeen and Inverness. Established in 1747, it is Scotland's oldest daily newspaper, and one of the longest-running newspapers in the world. History The newspaper was first published as a weekly title, ''Aberdeen's Journal'', on 29 December 1747. In 1748 it changed its name to the ''Aberdeen Journal''. It was published on a weekly basis for 128 years until August 1876, when it became a daily newspaper. The newspaper was owned by the Chalmers family throughout the nineteenth century, and edited by members of the family until 1849, when William Forsyth became editor. Its political position was Conservative. In November 1922, the paper was renamed ''The Aberdeen Press and Journal'' when its parent firm joined forces with the ''Free Press''. Historical copies of the ''Aberdeen Journal'', dating back to 1798, are available to search and view in digitised form at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aberdeen Journal
''The Press and Journal'' is a daily regional newspaper serving northern and Highland Scotland including the cities of Aberdeen and Inverness. Established in 1747, it is Scotland's oldest daily newspaper, and one of the longest-running newspapers in the world. History The newspaper was first published as a weekly title, ''Aberdeen's Journal'', on 29 December 1747. In 1748 it changed its name to the ''Aberdeen Journal''. It was published on a weekly basis for 128 years until August 1876, when it became a daily newspaper. The newspaper was owned by the Chalmers family throughout the nineteenth century, and edited by members of the family until 1849, when William Forsyth became editor. Its political position was Conservative. In November 1922, the paper was renamed ''The Aberdeen Press and Journal'' when its parent firm joined forces with the ''Free Press''. Historical copies of the ''Aberdeen Journal'', dating back to 1798, are available to search and view in digitised form a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emerald
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium.Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr., and Kammerling, Robert C. (1991). ''Gemology'', John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 203, . Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. Most emeralds have many inclusions, so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor. Emerald is a cyclosilicate. Etymology The word "emerald" is derived (via and ), from Vulgar Latin: ''esmaralda/esmaraldus'', a variant of Latin ''smaragdus'', which was via (smáragdos; "green gem"). The Greek word may have a Semitic, Sanskrit or Persian origin. According to ''Webster's Dictionary'' the term emerald was first used in the 14th century. Properties determining value Emeralds, like all colored gemstones, are graded using four basic parameters known as "the four ''C''s": ''color'', ''clarity,'' ''cut'' and ''carat weight''. Normally, in grading ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beryl
Beryl ( ) is a mineral composed of beryllium aluminium Silicate minerals#Cyclosilicates, silicate with the chemical formula Be3Al2(SiO3)6. Well-known varieties of beryl include emerald and Aquamarine (gem), aquamarine. Naturally occurring Hexagonal crystal system, hexagonal crystals of beryl can be up to several meters in size, but double terminated crystal, terminated crystals are relatively rare. Pure beryl is colorless, but it is frequently tinted by impurities; possible colors are green, blue, yellow, pink, and red (the rarest). It is an ore source of beryllium. Etymology The word ''beryl'' – – is borrowed, via and , from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος ''bḗryllos'', which referred to various blue-green stones, from Prakrit ''veruḷiya'', ''veḷuriya'' 'beryl' which is ultimately of Dravidian languages, Dravidian origin, maybe from the name of Belur, Karnataka, Belur or ''Velur'', a town in Karnataka, southern India. The term was later adopted for the mineral ber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tourmaline
Tourmaline ( ) is a crystalline silicate mineral, silicate mineral group in which boron is chemical compound, compounded with chemical element, elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. This gemstone comes in a wide variety of colors. The name is derived from the Sinhala language, Sinhalese (), which refers to the carnelian gemstones. History Brightly colored Ceylonese gem tourmalines were brought to Europe in great quantities by the Dutch East India Company to satisfy a demand for curiosities and gems. Tourmaline was sometimes called the "Ceylonese Magnet" because it could attract and then repel hot ashes due to its Pyroelectricity, pyroelectric properties. Tourmalines were used by chemists in the 19th century to Polarization (waves), polarize light by shining rays onto a cut and polished surface of the gem. Species and varieties Commonly encountered species and varieties of tourmaline include the following: * Schorl species ** Brownish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minerals
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2011): Minerals'; p. 1. In the series ''Geology: Landforms, Minerals, and Rocks''. Rosen Publishing Group. The geological definition of mineral normally excludes compounds that occur only in living organisms. However, some minerals are often biogenic (such as calcite) or organic compounds in the sense of chemistry (such as mellite). Moreover, living organisms often synthesize inorganic minerals (such as hydroxylapatite) that also occur in rocks. The concept of mineral is distinct from rock, which is any bulk solid geologic material that is relatively homogeneous at a large enough scale. A rock may consist of one type of mineral or may be an aggregate of two or more different types of minerals, spacially segregated into distinct phases. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
