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Ronnie Kasrils
Ronald Kasrils (born 15 November 1938) is a South African politician, former guerrilla and military commander. He served in a number of ministerial posts, including the as Minister for Intelligence Services from 2004 to 2008. He was a member of the National Executive Committee (NEC) of the African National Congress (ANC) from 1987 to 2007 as well as a member of the Central Committee of the South African Communist Party (SACP) from December 1986 to 2007. Early life Kasrils' grandparents were Jewish immigrants from Latvia and Lithuania who fled from Czarist pogroms at the end of the 19th century. He is the son of Rene (born Cohen) and Isidore Kasrils. His father was a factory salesman. His mother worked as a shop assistant prior to her marriage. Through his mother, he is related to the activist Jacqueline Arenstein. He was raised in the predominantly Jewish suburb of Yeoville in Johannesburg and had his Bar Mitzvah at the Yeoville Synagogue. He matriculated at King Edward ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South African Ministry Of Intelligence Services
The minister of state security (formerly the minister of intelligence services) was a minister of the South African government, who oversaw South Africa's civilian intelligence agencies and national security matters. In 2021 the ministry was abolished and the function of the minister was taken over by the Presidency. Formation In 1994, the intelligence service affairs were subordinated to the minister of justice. In 1995, Joe Nhlanhla became deputy minister of justice with responsibility for intelligence affairs. When Jacob Zuma was elected president in 2009 he renamed the post to Minister of State Security, but kept Siyabonga Cwele in the job. After the ANC election win in May 2014, Jacob Zuma announced the new minister of state security as David Mahlobo. Agencies The following agencies and their entities fell under the oversight of the minister of state security: State Security Agency :* National Intelligence Agency - now known as the Domestic branch :* South African Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alan Paton Award
The ''Sunday Times'' CNA Literary Awards are awarded annually to South African writers by the South African weekly newspaper the ''Sunday Times''. They comprise the ''Sunday Times'' CNA Literary Award for Non-fiction and the ''Sunday Times'' CNA Literary Award for Fiction, and are awarded for full-length non-fiction works and novels, respectively. Both winners receive R100 000. Ivan Vladislavic is the only person to have won both the fiction and the non-fiction award. History of the Awards Originally established in 1989, the Alan Paton Award was conferred annually for meritorious works of non-fiction. It aimed to reward books presenting "the illumination of truthfulness, especially those forms of it that are new, delicate, unfashionable and fly in the face of power," and demonstrating "compassion, elegance of writing, and intellectual and moral integrity." The award was named for Alan Paton, the famous South African author of ''Cry, The Beloved Country'' (1948). In 2001, a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durban
Durban ( ; , from meaning "bay, lagoon") is the third-most populous city in South Africa, after Johannesburg and Cape Town, and the largest city in the Provinces of South Africa, province of KwaZulu-Natal. Situated on the east coast of South Africa, on the Natal Bay of the Indian Ocean, Durban is the Port of Durban, busiest port city in sub-Saharan Africa and was formerly named Port Natal. North of the harbour and city centre lies the mouth of the Umgeni River; the flat city centre rises to the hills of the Berea, Durban, Berea on the west; and to the south, running along the coast, is the Bluff, KwaZulu-Natal, Bluff. Durban is the seat of the larger eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, which spans an area of and had a population of 4.2million in 2022 South African census, 2022, making the metropolitan population one of Africa's largest on the Indian Ocean. Within the city limits, Durban's population was 595,061 in 2011 South African census, 2011. The city has a humid subtr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lever Brothers
Lever Brothers was a British manufacturing company founded in 1885 by two brothers: William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, William Hesketh Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme (1851–1925), and James Darcy Lever (1854–1916). They invested in and successfully promoted a new soap-making process invented by chemist William Hough Watson. Lever Brothers entered the United States market in 1895 and acquired Mac Fisheries, owner of Wall's (meat), T. Wall & Sons, in 1925. Its brands included Lifebuoy (soap), Lifebuoy, Lux (soap), Lux and Vim (cleaning product), Vim. Lever Brothers merged with Margarine Unie to form Unilever in 1929. History Starting with a small grocery business begun by his father, William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, William Lever and his brother James entered the soap business in 1885 by buying a small soap works in Warrington. The brothers teamed up with a Cumbrian chemist, William Hough Watson, who became an early business partner. Watson invented the process whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Film Director
A film director or filmmaker is a person who controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay (or script) while guiding the film crew and actors in the fulfillment of that Goal, vision. The director has a key role in choosing the Casting (performing arts), cast members, production design and all the creative aspects of filmmaking in cooperation with the Film producer, producer. The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized or noticed. Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the budget. There are many pathways to becoming a film director. Some film directors started as screenwriters, cinematographers, Film producer, producers, Film editing, film editors or actors. Other film directors have attended film school. Directors use different approaches. Some Outline (list), outline a general plotline and let the actors impro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Television Director
A television director is in charge of the activities involved in making a television program or section of a program. They are generally responsible for decisions about the editorial content and creative style of a program, and ensuring the producer's vision is delivered. Their duties may include selecting cast members, conduct rehearsals, work with set designers, location scouts and art directors, originating program ideas, finding contributors, writing scripts, planning 'shoots', ensuring safety, leading the crew on location, directing contributors and presenters, and working with editors and music supervisors to assemble and make sure the final product meets the producer and director's vision. The work of a television director can vary widely depending on the nature of the program, the practices of the production company, whether the program content is factual or drama, and whether it is Live television, live or recorded. Types of television director Factual television dire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Edward VII School (Johannesburg)
King Edward VII School (KES) is a public English medium high school for boys situated within the city of Johannesburg in South Africa's Gauteng Province, one of the historically significant Milner Schools. The school is a public school, with an enrollment of over 1,100 boys from grades 8 to 12 (ages 13 to 18). King Edward VII Preparatory School (KEPS), which is situated adjacent to the High School and shares its grounds, caters to boys from grades R to 7. History In 1902, when the Boer War came to an end, there was an urgent need for schools in the Transvaal. The Milner Administration, in search of suitable buildings in which to establish temporary classrooms, found a vacant cigar factory in Johannesburg, on the corner of Gold and Kerk Streets, which was chosen as venue for "The Government High School for Boys", also known as the "Johannesburg High School for Boys". Thus was born a school which ultimately became the King Edward VII School. It grew so rapidly that, in 1904 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matriculation
Matriculation is the formal process of entering a university, or of becoming eligible to enter by fulfilling certain academic requirements such as a matriculation examination. Australia In Australia, the term ''matriculation'' is seldom used now. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, all states replaced the matriculation examination with either a certificate, such as the Higher School Certificate (HSC) in Victoria and New South Wales, or a university entrance exam, such as the Tertiary Entrance Exam in Western Australia. These have all been renamed (except in New South Wales) as a state-based certificate, such as the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) or the Western Australian Certificate of Education (WACE). Some Catholic university colleges in Australia have reintroduced matriculation ceremonies. New students at the College of St John the Evangelist within the University of Sydney and new students at Campion College Australia sign the college register during a formal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bar Mitzvah
A ''bar mitzvah'' () or ''bat mitzvah'' () is a coming of age ritual in Judaism. According to Halakha, Jewish law, before children reach a certain age, the parents are responsible for their child's actions. Once Jewish children reach that age, they are said to "become" ''b'nai mitzvah'', at which point they begin to be held accountable for their own actions. Traditionally, the father of a ''bar'' or ''bat mitzvah'' offers thanks to God that he is no longer punished for his child's Jewish views on sin, sins. In Orthodox Judaism, Orthodox communities, boys become ''bar mitzvah'' at 13 and girls become ''bat mitzvah'' at 12. In most Reform Judaism, Reform, Reconstructionist Judaism, Reconstructionist, and Conservative Judaism, Conservative communities, the milestone is 13 regardless of gender. After this point, children are also held responsible for knowing Jewish law, Jewish ritual law, Jewish tradition, tradition, and Jewish ethics, ethics, and are able to participate in all ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacqueline Arenstein
Jacqueline Arenstein (born 6 June 1921) was a South African anti-apartheid activist. A member of the South African Communist Party (SACP) from the age of 21, she was a defendant in the 1956 Treason Trial and repeatedly banned from the 1960s through to the 1980s. In 1984 she was appointed as a legal adviser to Mangosuthu Buthelezi Prince Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi (; 27 August 1928 – 9 September 2023) was a South African politician and Zulu people, Zulu prince who served as the traditional prime minister to the Zulu royal family from 1954 until his death in 2023. He .... Life Arenstein is Jewish, and is a cousin to the former Minister of Intelligence Services Ronnie Kasrils. References 1921 births Possibly living people Jewish South African anti-apartheid activists South African anti-apartheid activists Members of the South African Communist Party White South African anti-apartheid activists {{AntiApartheid-activist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Jewish Pogroms In The Russian Empire
Pogroms in the Russian Empire () were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish riots that began in the 19th century. Pogroms began to occur after Imperial Russia, which previously had very few Jews, acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire from 1772 to 1815. These territories were designated "the Pale of Settlement" by the Imperial Russian government, within which Jews were reluctantly permitted to live. The Pale of Settlement primarily included the territories of Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Bessarabia (modern Moldova), Lithuania and Crimea. Jews were forbidden from moving to other parts of European Russia (including Finland), unless they converted from Judaism or obtained a university diploma or first guild merchant status. Migration to the Caucasus, Siberia, the Far East or Central Asia was not restricted. Early pogroms Riots against Jews that took place before 1881 are sometimes retroactively class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
