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Revelia
Revala (also ''Rävälä'', , by Henry of Livonia ''Revele'', by Danish Census Book ''Revælæ'') was an Ancient Estonian county. It was located in northern Estonia, by the Gulf of Finland and corresponded roughly to the present territory of Harju County. It was conquered by the Danish in 1219 during the Estonian Crusade. It also contained the town of Lindanise, nowadays known as Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. The Icelandic '' Njal's saga''—composed after 1270, but describing events between the years 960 and 1020—mentions an event that occurred somewhere in the area of what is now Tallinn and calls the place ''Rafala''. The toponym, ''Rafala'', was probably a derivation of ''Rävala'', or ''Revala'', or some other variant of the locally used Estonian-language name for the adjacent medieval Estonian county. Parishes * Rebala * Ocrielæ * Vomentakæ (Võhmataga) See also * Battle of Lyndanisse * Danish Estonia * History of Estonia * Harria * List of Estonian rulers * Liv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Crusade
The Livonian crusade consists of the various military Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal-sanctioned Northern Crusades in the 12th–13th century. Overview Historical sources The main source of information on the Livonian crusade is the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'', written in 1229 by Henry of Latvia (''Henricus de Lettis''). In his chronicle, the author notes that he penned it down at the urging of his lords and companions, including his former teacher bishop Albert of Riga, who receives much praise throughout the text, that is internally divided according to the years of Albert's episcopate. James A. Brundage (1972) posited that Albert commissioned Henry to write the ''Livonian Chronicle'' in the mid-1220s in order to glorify Albert's achievements, as well as to briefly summarise unresolved issues to the newly appointed papal legate, William of Modena. Henry wrote that the papacy's use of the crusade as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Livonian Crusade
The Livonian crusade consists of the various military Crusade, Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Pope, Papal-sanctioned Northern Crusades in the 12th–13th century. Overview Historical sources The main source of information on the Livonian crusade is the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'', written in 1229 by Henry of Latvia (''Henricus de Lettis''). In his chronicle, the author notes that he penned it down at the urging of his lords and companions, including his former teacher bishop Albert of Riga, who receives much praise throughout the text, that is internally divided according to the years of Albert's episcopate. James A. Brundage (1972) posited that Albert commissioned Henry to write the ''Livonian Chronicle'' in the mid-1220s in order to glorify Albert's achievements, as well as to briefly summarise unresolved issues to the newly appointed papal legate, William of Modena. Henry wrote that the papacy's use of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Estonia
The history of Estonia forms a part of the history of Europe. Human settlement in what is now Estonia became possible 13,000–11,000 years ago, after the ice from the last Ice age, glacial era had melted, and signs of the first permanent population in the region date from around 9000 BC. The Ancient Estonia#Early Middle Ages, medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last pagan civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity following the Northern Crusades in the 13th century. After the crusaders had conquered the area by 1227, Estonia was first ruled by the King of Denmark in the north (until 1345), and then until 1559 by the State of the Teutonic Order, Teutonic Order, and by the ecclesiastical states of the List of states in the Holy Roman Empire, Holy Roman Empire, which from 1418 to 1562 covered the whole of Estonia, forming a part of the Livonian Confederation. After 1559, Estonia became part of the Sweden, Kingdom of Sweden until 1710, when the Tsardom of Rus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Estonia
Ancient Estonia refers to a period covering History of Estonia from the middle of the 8th millennium BC until the conquest and subjugation of the local Finnic tribes in the first quarter of the 13th century during the Teutonic and Danish Northern Crusades. The Mesolithic Period The region has been populated since the end of the last glacial era, about 10,000 BC. The earliest traces of human settlement in Estonia are connected with Kunda culture. The oldest known settlement in Estonia is the Pulli settlement, which was located on the banks of the river Pärnu, near the town of Sindi, in southwestern Estonia. It has been dated to the beginning of the 9th millennium BC. The Kunda Culture received its name from the ''Lammasmäe'' settlement site in northern Estonia, which dates from earlier than 8500. Bone and stone artifacts similar to those found at Kunda have been discovered elsewhere in Estonia, as well as in Latvia, Russia, northern Lithuania and southern Finland. Among ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toponym
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of ''wikt:toponym, toponyms'' (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage, and types. ''Toponym'' is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features. In a more specific sense, the term ''toponymy'' refers to an inventory of toponyms, while the discipline researching such names is referred to as ''toponymics'' or ''toponomastics''. Toponymy is a branch of onomastics, the study of proper names of all kinds. A person who studies toponymy is called ''toponymist''. Etymology The term ''toponymy'' comes from / , 'place', and / , 'name'. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' records ''toponymy'' (meaning "place name") first appearing in English in 1876 in the context of geographical studies. Since then, ''toponym'' has come to replace the term ''place-name'' in profe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Estonian Rulers
These are lists of political office-holders in Estonia. Overview The ancient counties (''maakond'') and parishes (''kihelkond'') were headed by ''Seniores'' and ''Meliores'' (Elders) as noted by Henry of Livonia. The administrative jurisdiction of the parish and county elders was limited, the counties themselves remained autonomous until the Livonian Crusade, Teutonic and Danish conquest of Estonia in the 13th century. Ending with the Sovereign state, states and the rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Denmark, Danish conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty over some parts of the territory of present-day Estonia, as well as the leaders of the independent Republic of Estonia since 1918. Ancient counties Alempois Title: Elder (-1224) Harjumaa (ancient county), Harju Title: Elder (-1224) Järva County, Järva Title: Elder (-1224) Jogentagana Title: Elder (-1224) Läänemaa Title: Elder (-1224) Mõhu Title: Elder (-1224) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harria
Harjumaa (; ) (1200 hides), was a historical county in Ancient Estonia until the early 13th century. Its territory roughly corresponds to modern-day Rapla County with the town of Rapla as the capital. According to the ''Livonian Chronicle of Henry'', Raikila was the main village of Harjumaa, where annual gatherings of the surrounding tribes took place. Despite the name, the present-day Harju County covers only a small portion of the historical Harjumaa land, with most of its current territory corresponding to the ancient county of Revala. History Between the 10th and 12th centuries, one of the largest trading centers in Haarjumaa was the Varbola Stronghold (). The first crusade to Haarjumaa occurred in the summer of 1216, initiated by the crusaders of Riga. It involved Livonians, Latgalians, and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, led by Master Volkwin. To secure a truce, Volkwin demanded that the inhabitants of Varbola accept Christianity and release their prisoners. Paris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danish Estonia
Danish may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark People * A Danish person, also called a "Dane", can be a national or citizen of Denmark (see Demographics of Denmark) * Culture of Denmark * Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish ancestral or ethnic identity * A member of the Danes, a Germanic tribe * Danish (name), a male given name and surname Language * Danish language, a North Germanic language used mostly in Denmark and Northern Germany * Danish tongue or Old Norse, the parent language of all North Germanic languages Food * Danish cuisine * Danish pastry, often simply called a "Danish" See also * Dane (other) * * Gdańsk Gdańsk is a city on the Baltic Sea, Baltic coast of northern Poland, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. With a population of 486,492, Data for territorial unit 2261000. it is Poland's sixth-largest city and principal seaport. Gdań ... * List of Danes * Languages of Denmark {{disambi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Lyndanisse
The Battle of Lyndanisse or Lindanise was fought on 15 June 1219 during the Northern Crusades, between the forces of the invading Denmark, Kingdom of Denmark and the local Ancient Estonia, non-Christian Estonians. The Danish victory in the battle, at the site of the later Hanseatic League, Hanseatic city of Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia) helped King Valdemar II of Denmark to subsequently claim the territory of Danish Estonia, northern Estonia as his participation in the Livonian Crusade, crusade into Estonia had been undertaken in response to Non parum animus noster, calls from the Pope. The 1219 Battle of Lyndanisse is still well known to this day, especially amongst Danes and Estonians, because of a popular legend about the first ever Danish flag, the ''Flag of Denmark, Dannebrog'', which allegedly fell from the sky, as an apparently helpful divine intervention, just when the Danish Crusaders were about to lose the battle to the local paganism, pagans. Battle Valdemar II, al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eldership (Estonia)
These are lists of political office-holders in Estonia. Overview The ancient counties (''maakond'') and parishes (''kihelkond'') were headed by ''Seniores'' and ''Meliores'' (Elders) as noted by Henry of Livonia. The administrative jurisdiction of the parish and county elders was limited, the counties themselves remained autonomous until the Livonian Crusade, Teutonic and Danish conquest of Estonia in the 13th century. Ending with the Sovereign state, states and the rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Denmark, Danish conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty over some parts of the territory of present-day Estonia, as well as the leaders of the independent Republic of Estonia since 1918. Ancient counties Alempois Title: Elder (-1224) Harjumaa (ancient county), Harju Title: Elder (-1224) Järva County, Järva Title: Elder (-1224) Jogentagana Title: Elder (-1224) Läänemaa Title: Elder (-1224) Mõhu Title: Elder (-1224) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denmark
Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous administrative division, autonomous territories of the Faroe Islands and Greenland in the north Atlantic Ocean.* * * Metropolitan Denmark, also called "continental Denmark" or "Denmark proper", consists of the northern Jutland peninsula and an archipelago of 406 islands. It is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries, lying southwest of Sweden, south of Norway, and north of Germany, with which it shares a short border. Denmark proper is situated between the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the east.The island of Bornholm is offset to the east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea. The Kingdom of Denmark, including the Faroe Islands and Greenland, has roughly List of islands of Denmark, 1,400 islands greater than in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
