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Rejtan (painting)
''Rejtan, or the Fall of Poland'' ( pl, Rejtan. Upadek Polski) is an oil painting by the Polish artist Jan Matejko, finished in 1866, depicting the protest of Tadeusz Rejtan (''lower right'') against the First Partition of Poland during the Partition Sejm of 1773. Both a depiction of a historical moment, and an allegory for the surrounding period of Polish history, the painting is one of Matejko's most famous works, and an iconic picture of an emotional protest. Historical context Tadeusz Rejtan was a deputy in the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1773, infamously known as the Partition Sejm. The Sejm convened to review the demands of the Commonwealth's three neighbours (the Russian Empire, Prussia and the Archduchy of Austria) in order to legalize their territorial demands, known as the First Partition of Poland. The Sejm operated under duress, with the immediate threat of foreign forces present in the Commonwealth, and with a significant number of deputies e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Matejko
Jan Alojzy Matejko (; also known as Jan Mateyko; 24 June 1838 – 1 November 1893) was a Polish painter, a leading 19th-century exponent of history painting, known for depicting nodal events from Polish history. His works include large scale oil paintings such as '' Rejtan'' (1866), ''the Union of Lublin'' (1869), '' the Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversations with God'' (1873), or ''the Battle of Grunwald'' (1878). He was the author of numerous portraits, a gallery of Polish monarchs in book form, and murals in St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków. He is considered by many as the most celebrated Polish painter, and sometimes as the "national painter" of Poland. Matejko was among the notable people to receive an unsolicited letter from the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, as the latter tipped, in January 1889, into his psychotic breakdown while in Turin. Matejko spent most of his life in Kraków. His teachers at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts included Wojciech Korneli Stattle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Targowica Confederation
The Targowica Confederation ( pl, konfederacja targowicka, , lt, Targovicos konfederacija) was a confederation established by Polish and Lithuanian magnates on 27 April 1792, in Saint Petersburg, with the backing of the Russian Empress Catherine II. The confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May 1791 and fought in the Polish–Russian War of 1792, which led to the Second and Third Partitions of Poland. History The Targowica confederation opposed the Constitution of 3 May 1791, which had been adopted by the Great Sejm, especially the provisions limiting the privileges of the nobility. The text of the founding act of the confederation was drafted by the Russian general Vasili Stepanovich Popov, Chief of Staff of Prince Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin. Its purpose was proclaimed in the small town of Targowica and the Potocki's estate (now in Holovanivsk Raion in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine) on May 14, 1792. Four days later two Russian armies invaded the Polish-Lithuania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski
Prince Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski (1696–1775) was a Polish nobleman, the Duke of Klewań and , magnate, and Knight of the Order of the White Eagle (from 1726). He headed Poland's Czartoryski " Familia". He served as Steward of Lithuania from 1720, Castellan of Vilnius from 1722, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania from 1752, and Starost of Grod, Luck, Uświat, Jurbol, Homel, Kupsk and Pienian. Biography Czartoryski was born in 1696 in Klewań, Poland. After an education on the French model, which he completed at Paris, Florence and Rome, he attached himself to the court of Dresden, and through the influence of Count Fleming, the leading minister there, obtained the vice-chancellorship of Lithuania and many other dignities. Czartoryski was one of the many Polish nobles who, when Augustus II was seriously ill at Białystok in 1727, signed the secret declaration guaranteeing the Polish succession to his son; but this did not prevent him from repudiating his obligations when Stani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michał Jerzy Poniatowski
Prince Michał Jerzy Poniatowski (12 October 1736 – 12 August 1794) was a Polish nobleman. Abbot of Tyniec and Czerwińsk (''opat tyniecki i czerwinski''), Bishop of Płock and Coadjutor Bishop of Kraków (''koadiutor krakowski'') from 1773, and Archbishop of Gniezno and Primate of Poland from 1784. He was made a knight of the Order of the White Eagle on 25 November 1764. Nine days later, on 4 December, he was made a prince by his brother, the last king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski. He was made a Royal Member of the Royal Society The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, r ... in 1791. References * Angela Sołtys, ''Opat z San Michele. Grand Tour prymasa Poniatowskiego i jego kolekcje,'' Warszawa 2008 * Zofia Zielińska, ''Poniatowski Michał Jerzy,'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primate Of Poland
This is a list of archbishops of the Archdiocese of Gniezno, who are simultaneously primates of Poland since 1418."Archdiocese of Gniezno" '' Catholic-Hierarchy.org''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016"Metropolitan Archdiocese of Gniezno" ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016 They also served as '''' in the |
Karol Stanisław "Panie Kochanku" Radziwiłł
Karol may refer to: Places * Karol, Gujarat, a village on Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, west India * Karol State, a former Rajput petty princely state with seat in the above town Film/TV *'' Karol: A Man Who Became Pope'', a 2005 miniseries *'' Karol: The Pope, The Man'', a 2006 miniseries Other uses *Karol (name) *King Karol, a New York City-based record store chain * ''Karol'', a short title of the movie biographies '' Karol: A Man Who Became Pope'' and '' Karol: The Pope, The Man'', based on the early life of Pope John Paul II See also *Carol (other) *Kalol (other) *Karoli (other) *Karoo (other) The Karoo is a semi-desert region of South Africa. Karoo may also refer to: In earth sciences: * Karoo-Ferrar, a major geologic province which mostly covers South Africa and Antarctica * Karoo Supergroup, a stratigraphic unit in sub-Saharan Afri ... * Karow (other) {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel Korsak
Samuel ''Šəmūʾēl'', Tiberian: ''Šămūʾēl''; ar, شموئيل or صموئيل '; el, Σαμουήλ ''Samouḗl''; la, Samūēl is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the biblical judges to the United Kingdom of Israel under Saul, and again in the monarchy's transition from Saul to David. He is venerated as a prophet in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In addition to his role in the Hebrew scriptures, Samuel is mentioned in Jewish rabbinical literature, in the Christian New Testament, and in the second chapter of the Quran (although Islamic texts do not mention him by name). He is also treated in the fifth through seventh books of ''Antiquities of the Jews'', written by the Jewish scholar Josephus in the first century. He is first called "the Seer" in 1 Samuel 9:9. Biblical account Family Samuel's mother was Hannah and his father was Elkanah. Elkanah lived at Ramathaim in the district of Zuph. His genea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacek Małachowski
Jacek Małachowski, of the Nałęcz coat-of-arms (1737–1821) was a Polish nobleman, politician and administrator as well as Polish chancellor. He was Crown Deputy Master of the Pantry since 1764. Referendary of the Crown in 1764-1780, Deputy Chancellor the Crown since 1780 and Grand Chancellor of the Crown since 1786. Starost of Piotrków, Radom, Stary Sącz and Gródek. Marshal of the Coronation Sejm in 3–20 December 1764 in Warsaw. He was a supporter of the Russian faction. During the Great Sejm of 1788-1792 he supported tentative reforms such as strengthening of the executive and army, but also maintaining ties with Russia. He was among the opponents of the Constitution of 3 May and eventually joined the Targowica Confederation that overthrew it. In 1804 he founded a manufactory that was one of the origins of the Ćmielów Porcelain Factory. References 1737 births 1821 deaths People from Końskie County People from Sandomierz Voivodeship Jacek Jacek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciszek Salezy Potocki
Franciszek Salezy Potocki (1700–1772) was a Polish nobleman, diplomat, politician and knight of the Order of the White Eagle, awarded on August 3, 1750 in Warsaw. Potocki was the wealthiest magnate of his time and the owner of large properties in Dnieper Ukraine, then part of the Polish Crown. Nicknamed "Little King of Ruthenia" ("''królik Rusi''"). Franciszek became Krajczy of the Crown in 1736, Field Clerk of the Crown and voivode of Volhynian Voivodship in 1755, voivode of Kijów Voivodship in 1755–1771 and starost of Belz, Hrubieszów, Ropczyce, Sokal, Jabłonów and Opalin Opalin is a protein that is encoded in humans by the ''OPALIN'' gene. References Further reading * * * {{gene-10-stub .... Bibliography * Urzędnicy województwa bełskiego i ziemi chełmskiej XIV-XVIII wieku. Spisy. Oprac. Henryk Gmiterek i Ryszard Szczygieł. Kórnik 1992, p. 255. * Teka Gabriela Junoszy Podoskiego, t. III, Poznań 1856, p. 303. * Konfederacja Generalna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szczęsny Potocki
Szczęsny ( ; feminine: Szczęsna), Szczesny, or Sczesny is a Polish given name and surname, meaning "lucky". It is the Polish equivalent of the Czech and Slovak surname Šťastný. Notable people Surname * Bernard Szczęsny (1919–1999), Polish activist * (born 1949), Polish journalist * Maciej Szczęsny (born 1965), Polish football goalkeeper * Piotr Szczęsny (1963–2017), Polish activist * Roman Szczęsny (1929–2000), Polish geographer * Stefan Szczesny (born 1951), German artist * Wojciech Szczęsny (born 1990), Polish football goalkeeper * Matt Sczesny (1932–2009), American baseball, manager, and scout Given name * Saint Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński (1822–1895), Archbishop of Warsaw * Antoni Szczęsny Godlewski, (1923–1944) Polish legendary soldier * Jan Szczęsny Herburt Jan Szczęsny Herburt (12 January 1567 – 31 December 1616) was a Polish political writer, diplomat and a member of the Polish Sejm parliament. An early supporter of Chancellor J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki (1730–1819) was a Polish nobleman, magnate, French count, diplomat, politician, military commander, and one of the leaders of the Targowica Confederation. Many consider him to have been a traitor who participated with the Russians in the dismemberment of his nation. He was appointed Great Crown Podstoli in 1764, Ambassador to Berlin in 1765, Master of the Hunt of the Crown in 1766–1773, Artillery General of Lithuania in 1768–1773, Ambassador to Moscow in 1771, Crown Hetman in 1773 and was Great Crown Hetman of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1774 and 1794. In 1774, Stanisław August Poniatowski ceded to him, as mark of his confidence and esteem, the immense estate of Bila Tserkva in the Kiev Voivodeship. He opposed the reforms of the Great Sejm (1788–1792), and supported the Hetman Party instead. During the Kościuszko Uprising (1794) he was sentenced by the Supreme Criminal Court, ''in absentia'', to hang for treason, witness ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoni Stanisław Czetwertyński-Światopełk
Prince Antoni Stanisław Czetwertyński-Światopełk (1748–1794) was a nobleman (''szlachcic'') and politician in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Life and career He was one of the Polish magnates who took the side of the Russian Empire, and a member of many Sejms, including the ones of 1772 and 1775, and the partition Sejm. He was a member of the commission negotiation the First Partition of Poland, an opponent of the Constitution of 3 May and a participant of the Confederation of Targowica. He was awarded the Order of Saint Stanislaw in 1785, and he was the Castellan of Przemyśl from 1790. In the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising during the Kościuszko Uprising, he was imprisoned by the Polish revolutionaries. On 28 June 1794, an angry mob stormed the prison, and he was hanged together with other people declared traitors, like bishop Ignacy Jakub Massalski. His family was smuggled to St. Petersburg, where his daughter Marie became a mistress of Alexander I of Russia. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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