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Ramsdellite
Ramsdellite (Mn4+O2) is an orthorhombic manganese dioxide mineral. It is relatively uncommon, and is usually found in deposits containing other manganese oxide crystals. Name Ramsdellite is named after the American mineralogist, Lewis Stephen Ramsdell (1895–1975). Ramsdell spent almost all his career at the University of Michigan as a professional mineralogist. Ramsdellite was one of the new phases he first recognized in the "black manganese oxide" minerals. It was later named in his honour by Michael Fleischer and W. E. Richmond, who fully described the mineral in 1943. The mineral is also called Groutellite. Chemistry and crystallography The chemical formula for Ramsdellite is MnO2. The empirical formula is Mn4+O2. Ramsdellite has the same chemistry as the more common pyrolusite, but is orthorhombic where pyrolusite is tetragonal. Ramsdellite belongs to the Orthorhombic crystal system and Dipyramidal crystal class. Properties: Classification The Dana classification is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramontroseite
Paramontroseite (V4+O2) is a relatively rare orthorhombic vanadium oxide mineral in the Ramsdellite group. Synthetic paramontroseite may have applications in medicine, batteries and electronics. Name The name Paramontroseite is derived from the Greek ''παρα'' (para), meaning near, and montroseite, a related mineral. The name was chosen due to the mineral's paramorphic relationship to the host mineral montroseite. Montroseite is named after Montrose County, Colorado, USA, where it was first found. Names in other languages include Paramontroseit (German), Paramontroseita (Spanish), Парамонтрозеит (Russian) and 副黑钒矿 副黑铁钒矿 (Chinese). Synonyms are Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD) 22303 and Powder Diffraction File (PDF) 25-1003. Occurrence Paramontroseite is associated with montroseite and corvusite. It is found in relatively unoxidized Colorado Plateau-type uranium–vanadium ores in sandstones. The type locality is Bitter Creek Mine, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lewis Stephen Ramsdell
Lewis Stephen Ramsdell (4 June 1895 – 14 June 1975) was an American mineralogist who was a pioneer in the use of X-ray diffraction to study mineral structures. Education and career Ramsdell was born in Clinton, Michigan to Dwight and Phoebe Voorhies Ramsdell. He received a BS (1917) from the University of Michigan followed by an MS (1919) and a doctorate (1925). His doctoral work was on the structure of metallic sulphide minerals using X-ray diffraction. He set up the apparatus using a modified dental X-ray system after training in England in 1933 at the University of Manchester. He became an instructor in mineralogy at the University of Michigan, assistant professor (1926), and full professor in 1944. He trained several generations of X-ray crystallographers, was an advisor for Newman Thibault who studied silicon carbide, which became a major area of interest for Ramsdell. He determined the pattern of polytypes in silicon carbides and predicted several arrangements. He als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxide Minerals
The oxide mineral class includes those minerals in which the oxide anion (O2−) is bonded to one or more metal alloys. The hydroxide-bearing minerals are typically included in the oxide class. The minerals with complex anion groups such as the silicates, sulfates, carbonates and phosphates are classed separately. Simple oxides: *XO **Periclase group *** Periclase *** Manganosite **Zincite group *** Zincite *** Bromellite *** Tenorite *** Litharge * ** Cuprite ** Ice * **Hematite group ***Corundum ***Hematite *** Ilmenite * **Rutile group *** Rutile *** Pyrolusite *** Cassiterite ** Baddeleyite ** Uraninite ** Thorianite * **Spinel group *** Spinel *** Gahnite ***Magnetite ***Franklinite *** Chromite ** Chrysoberyl ** Columbite *Hydroxide subgroup: ** Brucite ** Manganite **Romanèchite **Goethite group: *** Diaspore *** Goethite Nickel–Strunz Classification -04- Oxides IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yavapai County, Arizona
Yavapai County is near the center of the U.S. state of Arizona. As of the 2020 census, its population was 236,209, making it the fourth-most populous county in Arizona. The county seat is Prescott. Yavapai County comprises the Prescott, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the northern portions of Peoria and Wickenburg, the balance of which are in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. History Yavapai County was one of the four original Arizona counties created by the 1st Arizona Territorial Legislature. The county territory was defined as being east of longitude 113° 20' and north of the Gila River. Soon thereafter, the counties of Apache, Coconino, Maricopa, and Navajo were carved from the original Yavapai County. Yavapai County's present boundaries were established in 1891. The county is named after the Yavapai people, who were the principal inhabitants at the time the United States annexed the area. County level law enforcement services have been provided by Yavapai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artillery Mountains
The Artillery Mountains are a mountain range in Mohave County in western Arizona. High point of the range is Artillery Peak, above sea level. Artillery Peak is at coordinates N 34.36946 W 113.58160 . Mineral resources of the Artillery Mountains include manganese, uranium and gold. Rocher Deboule Minerals drilled their Artillery Mountains Manganese property in 2008, and discovered a resource of 2,553,000 tonnes of 3.82% Mn. High Desert Gold acquired the Artillery Peak gold project in western Arizona in 2008. At Uranium Energy's Artillery Peak uranium project, the firm hopes to discover a uranium deposit similar to the nearby Anderson Mine, which has a published reserve of 27 million pounds of uranium, in addition to a uranium resource of 70 million pounds, and another 80 million pounds of vanadium Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sierra County, New Mexico
Sierra County is a county located in the U.S. state of New Mexico. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 11,576. Its county seat is Truth or Consequences. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.4%) is water. Adjacent counties * Catron County - northwest * Socorro County - north * Lincoln County - northeast * Otero County - east * Doña Ana County - south * Luna County - south * Grant County - west National protected areas * Cibola National Forest (part) * El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail (part) * Gila National Forest (part) Major highways * * * * * * * Demographics 2000 census As of the 2000 census, there were 13,270 people, 6,113 households, and 3,618 families living in the county. The population density was 3 people per square mile (1/km2). There were 8,727 housing units at an average density of 2 per square mile (1/km2). The racial makeup of the county w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Valley, Sierra County, New Mexico
Lake Valley was a silver-mining town in Sierra County, U.S. state of New Mexico. The 'heyday' of the town was from 1881 to 1893. The last resident departed in 1994. The present day ghost town is deserted, except for two caretakers that are on site at all times. Access The townsite of Lake Valley is partly privately owned, and partly owned by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, which has restricted access to the old buildings to daylight hours, to prevent vandalism. There is a self-guided walking tour for visitors. The town is closed to the public on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. History A rancher found the Lake Valley silver deposits in Sierra County in 1876. Two years later he sold his claims to an engineer, who began mining. The deposits are bedded '' manto''-type deposits in Paleozoic limestone. The mines produced well for a few years after miners tunneled into a silver-lined cavity they named the "bridal chamber" that alone yielded 2.5 million troy ounces (78 tonnes) of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Locality (geology)
Type locality, also called type area, is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified. If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality. The term is similar to the term type site in archaeology or the term type specimen in biology. Examples of geological type localities Rocks and minerals * Aragonite: Molina de Aragón, Guadalajara, Spain * Autunite: Autun, France * Benmoreite: Ben More (Mull), Scotland * Blairmorite: Blairmore, Alberta, Canada * Boninite: Bonin Islands, Japan * Comendite: Comende, San Pietro Island, Sardinia * Cummingtonite: Cummington, Massachusetts * Dunite: Dun Mountain, New Zealand. * Essexite: Essex County, Massachusetts, US * Fayalite: Horta, Fayal Island, Azores, Portugal * Harzburgite: Bad Harzburg, Germany * Icelandite: Thingmuli (Þingmúli), Iceland * Ijolite: Iivaa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manganite
Manganite is a mineral composed of manganese oxide-hydroxide, MnO(OH), crystallizing in the monoclinic system (pseudo-orthorhombic). Crystals of manganite are prismatic and deeply striated parallel to their length; they are often grouped together in bundles. The color is dark steel-grey to iron-black, and the luster brilliant and submetallic. The streak is dark reddish brown. The hardness is 4, and the specific gravity is 4.3. There is a perfect cleavage parallel to the brachypinacoid, and less-perfect cleavage parallel to the prism faces. Twinned crystals are not infrequent. The mineral contains 89.7% manganese sesquioxide; it dissolves in hydrochloric acid with evolution of chlorine. Occurrence Manganite occurs with other manganese oxides in deposits formed by circulating meteoric water in the weathering environment in clay deposits and laterites. It forms by low temperature hydrothermal action in veins in association with calcite, barite, and siderite. Often associated w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nsutite
Nsutite is a manganese oxide mineral with formula: ( Mn4+1−xMn2+x O2-2x(O H)2x where x = 0.06-0.07).http://www.webmineral.com/data/Nsutite.shtml Webmineral data It is found in most large manganese deposits and was first discovered in Nsuta, Ghana. Since then, it has been found worldwide. Nsutite is a dull mineral with a hardness of 6.5-8.5 and an average specific gravity of 4.45. Nustite is used as a cathode A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device. This definition can be recalled by using the mnemonic ''CCD'' for ''Cathode Current Departs''. A conventional current describes the direction i ... in zinc–carbon batteries, but synthetic manganese oxide is gradually replacing it. References Oxide minerals Manganese(II,IV) minerals Hexagonal minerals {{oxide-mineral-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhtenskite
Akhtenskite is a manganese oxide mineral with the chemical formula of MnO2 (or: ε-Mn4+O2) that was named after the Akhtensk deposit in Russia, where it was first discovered and noted in 1979. It can be found in the Akhtensk brown ironstone deposit, in the southern Ural Mountains, on Mt. Zarod, on the Sikhote-Alin Mountains, and in the Primorskiy Krai, all in Russia. Its crystals are usually hexagonal in shape, with flakiness and plating, usually because it replaced a mineral. Akhtenskite is a polymorphous with the much more widespread pyrolusite. It occurs in mixtures with "psilomelane" (recently renamed to romanechite) and with other manganese oxides in an iron oxide deposit, most likely bacterially altered from a previous mineral in the Akhtensk deposit. It also occurs in crusts of ferromanganese minerals on oceanic rocks. Its chemical makeup is 63% oxygen and 37% manganese. Some minerals that are commonly associated with akhtenskite are: todorokite, pyrolusite, nsutite, goet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nickel–Strunz Classification
Nickel–Strunz classification is a scheme for categorizing minerals based upon their chemical composition, introduced by German mineralogist Karl Hugo Strunz (24 February 1910 – 19 April 2006) in his ''Mineralogische Tabellen'' (1941). The 4th and the 5th edition was also edited by Christel Tennyson (1966). It was followed by A.S. Povarennykh with a modified classification (1966 in Russian, 1972 in English). As curator of the Mineralogical Museum of Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität (now known as the Humboldt University of Berlin), Strunz had been tasked with sorting the museum's geological collection according to crystal-chemical properties. His book ''Mineralogical Tables'', has been through a number of modifications; the most recent edition, published in 2001, is the ninth (Mineralogical Tables by Hugo Strunz and Ernest H. Nickel (31 August 1925 – 18 July 2009)). James A. Ferraiolo was responsible for it at Mindat.org. The IMA/CNMNC supports the Nickel–Strunz database. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
