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Raigón Formation
The Raigón Formation is a geologic formation in Uruguay dated between the Pliocene and Middle Pleistocene. Overview In 1966, Uruguayan geologists Héctor Goso and Jorge Bossi defined the Raigón Formation, which they subdivided into the San José Member (the same as Francis and Mones' San José Formation) below and the San Bautista Member above. In 1988, Álvaro Mones identified Lower Pleistocene levels in the San José Member. In 2002, American geologist H. McDonald and Uruguayan paleontologist Daniel Perea suggested the formation may represent a wide timespan from the Montehermosan all the way to the Ensenadan. A notable finding was ''J. monesi'', recovered ''in situ'' from a boulder originating in the San José Member. The boulder is made up of siltstone, claystone, and medium- grained and medium-to- conglomeratic psammite (a type of sandstone) intercalated with siltstone. Fossil content The following fossils have been reported from the formation: * '' Charruatoxodon' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics (lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness (geology), thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interbedding
In geology, interbedding occurs when beds (layers of rock) of a particular lithology lie between or alternate with beds of a different lithology. For example, sedimentary rocks may be interbedded if there were sea level variations in their sedimentary depositional environment. Intercalation is a special case of interbedding where a layer is variably inserted into an already existing sequence; or where two separate depositional environments in close spatial proximity migrate alternately across the contact. While interbedding has layers that are horizontally flat (or aligned with the angle of the entire stratum), intercalated rock on the other hand has slanted layers that streak through each other (even when it aligns with the stratum). For example intercalated conglomerate and sandstone looks like ripples of different material networked through each other somewhat off the horizontal, as the beds are deposited in a gradient. This is likely due to differing fluvial conditions an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phorusrhacinae
Phorusrhacids, colloquially known as terror birds, are an extinct family of large carnivorous, mostly flightless birds that were among the largest apex predators in South America during the Cenozoic era. Their definitive fossil records range from the Middle Eocene to the Late Pleistocene around , though some specimens suggest that they were present since the Early Eocene. They ranged in height from . One of the largest specimens from the Early Pleistocene of Uruguay, possibly belonging to '' Devincenzia'', would have weighed up to . Their closest modern-day relatives are believed to be the seriemas. '' Titanis walleri'', one of the larger species, is known from Texas and Florida in North America. This makes the phorusrhacids the only known large South American predator to migrate north in the Great American Interchange that followed the formation of the Isthmus of Panama land bridge (the main pulse of the interchange began about 2.6 Ma ago; ''Titanis'' at 5 Ma was an early northwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platygonus
''Platygonus'' ("flat head" in reference to the straight shape of the forehead) is an extinct genus of herbivorous peccaries of the family Tayassuidae, endemic to North and South America from the Miocene through Pleistocene epochs (10.3 million to 11,000 years ago), existing for about . ''P. compressus'' stood tall. Taxonomy While long thought to be the sister-lineage to the Chacoan peccary based on morphological similarities, a 2017 ancient DNA study which recovered mitochondrial DNA from ''Platygonus'' found that all living peccaries are more closely related to each other than they are to ''Platygonus''. The estimated divergence between ''Platygonus'' and all living peccaries was placed in the Miocene, around 22 million years ago. Description Most ''Platygonus'' species were similar in size to modern peccaries especially giant peccary, at around in body length, and had long legs, allowing them to run well. They also had a pig-like snout and long tusks which were prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uruguayodon
''Uruguayodon'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid from the middle Pleistocene of Uruguay. It is known from the type and only species ''U. alius'', named by Corona and colleagues in 2019 for dentaries and a partial postcrania from the Raigón Formation. ''Uruguayodon'' represents one of the latest occurrences of Proterotheriidae, with only ''Neolicaphrium'' representing other remains from the Pleistocene to possibly Holocene. Description This animal would have been very similar to other proterotheriids, such as ''Anisolophus'' or ''Diadiaphorus''. ''Uruguayodon'' possessed slender and elongated legs, equipped with three toes (the middle one of which was well developed). The skull was equipped with a rather short and high snout, with fairly elongated nasal bones. The molar had closely spaced internal tubercles but, in contrast to ''Anisolophus,'' the last lower molar was characterized by paraconid and paralophid in a lingually peripheral position; the metaflexis was smooth and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world. History Fossilworks was created in 1998 by John Alroy and housed at Macquarie University Macquarie University ( ) is a Public university, public research university in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Founded in 1964 by the New South Wales Government, it was the third university to be established in the Sydney metropolitan area. .... It included many analysis and data visualization tools formerly included in the Paleobiology Database.{{cite web, title=Frequently asked questions, url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?page=FAQ, publisher=Fossilworks, access-date=17 December 2021, archive-date=18 May 2022, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518205516/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?page=FAQ, url-status=dead Fossilworks was sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josephoartigasia Monesi
''Josephoartigasia'' is an extinct genus of enormous dinomyid rodent from the Early Pliocene to Early Pleistocene of Uruguay. The only living member of Dinomyidae is the pacarana. ''Josephoartigasia'' is named after Uruguayan national hero José Artigas. It contains two species: ''J. magna'', described in 1966 based on a left mandible, and ''J. monesi'', described in 2008 based on a practically complete skull. Both are reported from the San José Member of the Raigón Formation by the Barrancas de San Gregorio along the shores of Kiyú beach. The skull of ''J. monesi'' measures , similar to a beef cow skull, equating to a full body length of —though this is likely an overestimate—and a weight of about . This makes ''J. monesi'' the biggest rodent ever discovered. It was much larger than ''J. magna'', giant hutia or the largest living rodent, the capybara, which averages . ''J. monesi'' also had a massive bite force of approximately at the incisors (on par with large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giganhinga
''Giganhinga'' is a genus of giant darter that lived during the Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene in what is now Uruguay and Argentina. The largest species of anhinga known to science, estimates suggest it may have weighed around and was likely flightless. Its weight likely helped it dive for prey and the anatomy of the pelvis indicates that it was a good and maneuverable swimmer. Only a single species is currently recognized, ''G. kiyuensis''. History and naming ''Giganhinga'' was described by Rinderknecht and Noriega in the year 2002 based on specimen MNHN 1632, an incomplete pelvis. Due to the fossils immense size and weight, it was at first thought to belong to a terror bird before it was identified as an anhinga. The exact stratigraphic layer of ''Giganhinga'' is unknown, as there are three outcrops present in the region where the fossil has been found. These three outcrops belong to the Camacho Formation, the San José Formation and the Libertad Formation. However, based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plaxhaplous
''Plaxhaplous'' was a genus of glyptodont, an extinct relative of the modern armadillo. It lived in the Pleistocene epoch. The type species is ''Plaxhaplous canaliculatus''. ''Plaxhaplous canaliculatus'' fossils were found in Argentina, near Luján in Buenos Aires Province. ''Plaxhaplous'' fossils have also been found in Uruguay. and in the Charana Formation of Bolivia.''Plaxhaplous'' at .org Description Like all glyptodonts, ''Plaxhaplous'' was endowed with a . This carapace was formed by bony |
Glyptodon
''Glyptodon'' (; ) is a genus of glyptodont, an extinct group of large, herbivorous armadillos, that lived from the Pliocene, around 3.2 million years ago, to the early Holocene, around 11,000 years ago, in South America. It is one of, if not the, best known genus of glyptodont. ''Glyptodon'' has a long and storied past, being the first named extinct cingulate and the type genus of the subfamily Glyptodontinae. Fossils of ''Glyptodon'' have been recorded as early as 1814 from Pleistocene aged deposits from Uruguay, though many were incorrectly referred to the ground sloth ''Megatherium'' by early paleontologists. The type species, ''G. clavipes'', was described in 1839 by notable British paleontologist Sir Richard Owen. Later in the 19th century, dozens of complete skeletons were unearthed from localities and described by paleontologists such as Florentino Ameghino and Hermann Burmeister. During this era, many species of ''Glyptodon'' were dubbed, some of them based on fragmenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pronothrotherium
''Pronothrotherium'' is an extinct genus of ground sloths from Argentina and Uruguay. Fossils of ''Pronothrotherium'' have been found in the Ituzaingó Formation of Argentina.''Pronothrotherium'' at Fossilworks
Fossilworks was a portal which provides query, download, and analysis tools to facilitate access to the Paleobiology Database, a large relational database assembled by hundreds of paleontologists from around the world.
History
Fossilworks was cr ... .org The body weight of the animal has been estimated at .
References Prehi ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catonyx
''Catonyx'' is an extinct genus of ground sloth of the family Scelidotheriidae, endemic to South America during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. It lived from 2.5 Ma to about 10,000 years ago, existing for approximately . The most recent date obtained is about 9600 B.P. Description This animal, like many other terrestrial sloths, was of conspicuous size and mighty build. It had to reach and exceed 4 meters in length, and the skull alone was at least 50 centimeters long. Its weight has been estimated at over 1500 kg. The snout of ''Catonyx'' was elongated, although not as in some similar forms (e.g., '' Scelidotherium''). Unlike the latter, ''Catonyx'' possessed shorter premaxillae that formed a triangular (and not rectangular like '' Scelidotherium'') snout tip, a pronounced rostrum bulge, a palate equipped with a median groove, and larger teeth. In addition, the mandibular symphysis was elongated and elevated, and the posterior lobe of the lower fourth molar was more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
