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Uruguayodon
''Uruguayodon'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid from the middle Pleistocene of Uruguay. It is known from the type and only species ''U. alius'', named by Corona and colleagues in 2019 for dentaries and a partial postcrania from the Raigón Formation. ''Uruguayodon'' represents one of the latest occurrences of Proterotheriidae, with only ''Neolicaphrium'' representing other remains from the Pleistocene to possibly Holocene. Description This animal would have been very similar to other proterotheriids, such as ''Anisolophus'' or ''Diadiaphorus''. ''Uruguayodon'' possessed slender and elongated legs, equipped with three toes (the middle one of which was well developed). The skull was equipped with a rather short and high snout, with fairly elongated nasal bones. The molar had closely spaced internal tubercles but, in contrast to ''Anisolophus,'' the last lower molar was characterized by paraconid and paralophid in a lingually peripheral position; the metaflexis was smooth and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proterotheriidae
Proterotheriidae is an extinct family of fossil ungulates from the Cenozoic era that displays toe reduction. Despite resembling primitive, small horses, they were only distantly related to them, and instead belonged to the native South American ungulate order Litopterna. Description Two subfamilies and 18 genera of Proterotheriidae are known. All forms were small or medium-sized. Typical is a reduction of the number of toes and brachydont or mesodont teeth. The family is recorded since the late Palaeocene. Various fossils are known from many parts of the South American continent. The diversity decreased in the Miocene to Pliocene and it has been assumed for a long time that they entirely disappeared in the late Pliocene. However, fossils found in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay show that one member of the group, ''Neolicaphrium recens'' survived into the Late Pleistocene. Better known genera of the family include ''Diadiaphorus'' and ''Thoatherium'' from the Miocene. Taxono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paramacrauchenia
''Paramacrauchenia'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litopterns from the Early Miocene of what is now Argentina and Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the eas .... Its fossils have been found in the Sarmiento and Santa Cruz Formations of Argentina and Chile. Taxonomy ''Paramacrauchenia'' was originally assigned to the family Macraucheniidae, however, recent studies now consider it a member of the family Proterotheriidae, where it is found to be a derived member, closely related to '' Lambdaconus''. Below is a phylogenetic tree of the Proterotheriidae, based on the work of McGrath ''et al''. 2020. References Proterotheriids Miocene mammals of South America Colhuehuapian Santacrucian Neogene Argentina Fossils of Argentina Neogene Chile Fossils of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. '' Panthera leo'' (lion) and '' Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. phylogenetic analysis should c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protheosodon
''Protheosodon'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litoptern. It lived from the Late Oligocene to the Early Miocene in what is now Argentina and Colombia. Description It was a medium-sized animal, smaller than the extant vicuña. The lower incisors, unlike those of more derived proterotheriids such as ''Diadiaphorus'', were relatively small and unspecialized. The lower dentition was complete and there was no trace of diastema. The upper teeth were similar to those of ''Anisolambda'' and ''Polymorphis''. The mandible had a very high vertical branch. Its leg bones, firstly attributed to a notoungulate, are incompletely known. Classification ''Protheosodon coniferus'' was first described in 1897 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossils found in Deseadan deposits from Chubut Province, Argentina. Other fossils attributed to the genus have been found in slightly older deposits in Colombia. ''Protheosodon'' was initially thought to be a member of Macraucheniidae, mainly ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neodolodus
''Neodolodus'' is a genus of extinct litoptern from the late middle Miocene of southern Colombia. It was named in 1986 by Hoffstetter and Soria, for the species ''Neodolodus colombianus'' from the Castilletes Formation and the La Victoria and Villavieja Formations of the Honda Group. The type species ''N. colombianus'' is known from a right mandibular ramus, teeth, and part of the fore- and hindlimbs. ''Neodolodus'' has been classified as a species of ''Prothoatherium'' or '' Lambdaconus'', but was recognized as a distinct genus by McGrath and colleagues in 2020. The taxon was recovered in a phylogenetic analysis as the sister taxon of ''Protheosodon'', between other proterotheriid genera like ''Picturotherium ''Picturotherium'' is a genus of extinct proterotheriid from the middle Miocene of Santa Cruz, Argentina. The genus is known from the type and only species ''P. migueli'', named in 2005 by Alejandro Kramarz and Mariano Bond for individual teeth ...'' and '' Anisolop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Picturotherium
''Picturotherium'' is a genus of extinct proterotheriid from the middle Miocene of Santa Cruz, Argentina. The genus is known from the type and only species ''P. migueli'', named in 2005 by Alejandro Kramarz and Mariano Bond for individual teeth from the Pinturas Formation. ''Picturotherium'' is derived from the Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ... for the Rio Pinturas and the word "beast", with the species name honouring South American paleontologist Miguel Soria. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q111828110 Litopterns Miocene mammals of South America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paranisolambda
''Paranisolambda'' is an extinct genus of proterotheriid litopterns from the Early to Middle Eocene of Brazil. Fossils of ''Paranisolambda'' have been recovered from the Itaboraí Formation in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b .... Etymology The genus name, ''Paranisolambda'', is derived from the Greek ''para''/παρα meaning "beside" or "near", and its close relative ''Anisolambda'', the genus it was originally assigned to. The specific name, "prodromus" is derived from the Greek word ''prodromos'', meaning "forerunner". History The first remains of ''Paranisolambda'' were found in the Sāo José De Itaboraí Basin in 1948, consisting of the right mandible of a young individual as the holotype. Taxonomy Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lambdaconus Lacerum
''Lambdaconus'' is a genus of proterotheriid from the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene of Argentina. The type species is ''L. suinus'', named in 1897 by Ameghino, with referred species including ''L. lacerum'', named as ''Proterotherium ''Proterotherium'' (meaning "first beast") is an extinct genus of litoptern mammal of the family Proterotheriidae that lived during the Late Miocene of Argentina and Chile. Fossils of this genus have been found in the Ituzaingó Formation of Ar ... lacerum'' in 1902 by Ameghino, and ''L. inaqeuifacies''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q111838995 Proterotheriids Oligocene mammals of South America Miocene mammals of South America Paleogene Argentina Neogene Argentina Fossils of Argentina Colhuehuapian Deseadan Fossil taxa described in 1897 Taxa named by Florentino Ameghino Prehistoric placental genera Golfo San Jorge Basin Sarmiento Formation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anisolambda
''Anisolambda'' is an extinct genus of litoptern. It lived from the Late Paleocene to the Middle Eocene in what is now Argentina. Description This animal is mostly known from fossils of its maxilla, mandible and teeth, and it is therefore difficult to speculate on its appearance. Its molars were primitive in shape, and closely resembled those of the enigmatic ''Didolodus''. They were distinguished from the latter by the presence of a strong paraconid, in an internal position, almost identical in size to the metaconid, and separated from the latter by a narrow indentation. ''Anisolambda'' may have been similar to more recent genera of Proterotheriidae, such as '' Diadiaphorus'' or ''Proterotherium'', but without the characteristic limb specializations of the latter genera. Classification The genus ''Anisolambda'' was first described in 1901 by Florentino Ameghino, based on a mandible with teeth from the Eocene of Argentina. Ameghino latter described fossils of the maxilla, that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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