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Raiders Organization
The Raiders Organization ( Turkish: Akıncılar Derneği) is an Islamist sociopolitical group active in Turkey. The group formerly carried out armed activities. It was the paramilitary wing of the National Salvation Party (MSP) until 1981, after which it acted independently. History It was founded in Ankara on December 12, 1975, by a group of university students under the leadership of Tevfik Rıza Çavuşoğlu, with the goal of turning Turkey into an Islamic state. They were significantly influenced by the Iranian Revolution. The Raiders rapidly grew to over 1,200 branches across Turkey. It was a part of MSP and then became an independent organization after MSP's closure. Later, the Ankara Martial Law Command closed the Raiders Organisation, although it continued to defy all closures by operating underground and through rebranded organizations. The Raiders had both Turkish and Kurdish members, although it became Turkish majority after many of its Kurds switched their allegiance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankara
Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and List of national capitals by area, the largest capital by area in the world. Located in the Central Anatolia Region, central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center (Etimesgut, Yenimahalle, Çankaya District, Çankaya, Keçiören, Altındağ, Pursaklar, Mamak, Ankara, Mamak, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Gölbaşı, Sincan, Ankara, Sincan) and 5,864,049 in Ankara Province (total of 25 districts). Ankara is Turkey's List of cities in Turkey, second-largest city by population after Istanbul, first by urban land area, and third by metro land area after Konya and Sivas. Ankara was historically known as Ancyra and Angora. Serving as the capital of the ancient Celts, Celtic state of Galatia (280–64 BC), and later of the Roman Empire, Roman province with the Galatia (Roman province), same name (25 BC–7th century), Ankara has various Hattians, Hattian, Hittites, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatians (people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Language
Turkish ( , , also known as 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, a member of Oghuz languages, Oghuz branch with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Significant smaller groups of Turkish speakers also exist in Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Greece, other parts of Europe, the South Caucasus, and some parts of Central Asia, Iraqi Turkmen, Iraq, and Syrian Turkmen, Syria. Turkish is the List of languages by total number of speakers, 18th-most spoken language in the world. To the west, the influence of Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish—the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire—spread as the Ottoman Empire expanded. In 1928, as one of Atatürk's reforms in the early years of the Republic of Turkey, the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic script-based Ottoman Turkish alphabet was repl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Unity Party
The Great Unity Party (, BBP) is a far-right Sunni Islamist and ultranationalist political party in Turkey. It was created on 29 January 1993 by Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu, who broke off from the Nationalist Task Party (predecessor of the modern MHP) after a quarrel with Alparslan Türkeş.Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu's biography The BBP's youth wing is the Alperen Hearths. History Although it is claimed that the founder of the party Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu left the |
Nationalist Movement Party
The Nationalist Movement Party, or alternatively translated as Nationalist Action Party (, MHP), is a Turkish Far-right politics, far-right, ultranationalism, ultranationalist Political parties in Turkey, political party. The group is often described as Neo-fascism, neo-fascist, and has been linked to violent paramilitaries and Turkish mafia, organized crime groups. Its leader is Devlet Bahçeli. The party was formed in 1969 by former Turkish Army colonel Alparslan Türkeş, who had become leader of the Republican Villagers Nation Party (CKMP) in 1965. The party mainly followed a Pan-Turkism, Pan-Turkist and Turkish nationalist political agenda throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Devlet Bahçeli took over after Türkeş's death in 1997. The party's youth wing is the Grey Wolves (organization), Grey Wolves (''Bozkurtlar'') organization, which is also known as the "Nationalist Hearths" (''Ülkü Ocakları'') which played one of the biggest roles during the Political v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idealism (Turkey)
Idealism (), also known as Türkeşism () is a Turkish–Islamic nationalist ideology developed by Alparslan Türkeş and the Nationalist Movement Party as a principle of the Nine Lights Doctrine. The philosophy of Idealism was largely influenced by the ideas of Ziya Gökalp, a Turkish sociologist, writer, and poet. Gökalp believed that the Turkish people needed to create a new national identity that was distinct from their Ottoman past and grounded in their own cultural, historical, and linguistic traditions. He argued that this new identity (" Turkishness") should be based on the principles of Islam and Turkish nationalism, and that it should be promoted through education and cultural institutions. Idealism has had a significant influence on Turkish political and intellectual thought, and its ideas continue to shape the country's political and cultural landscape today. Origin The origins of the name go back to the terms "''millî mefkure (ülkü)''" used by Ziya Gökalp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Nationalism
Turkish nationalism () is nationalism among the people of Turkey and individuals whose national identity is Turkish. Turkish nationalism consists of political and social movements and sentiments prompted by a love for Turkish culture, Turkish language and history, and a sense of pride in Turkey and Turkish people. While national consciousness in Turkish nation can be traced back centuries, nationalism has been a predominant determinant of Turkish attitudes mainly since the 20th century. Modern Turkish nationalism rose during the Tanzimat era. It also has a complicated relationship with Muslim identity, Pan-Turkism, and Turanism. History After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk came to power. He introduced a language reform with the aim to "cleanse" the Turkish language of foreign (mostly Arabic and Persian) influence. He also promoted the Turkish History Thesis in Turkish political and educational circles from 1930s. Turkish researchers at the tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-fascism
Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were opposed by many countries forming the Allies of World War II and dozens of resistance movements worldwide. Anti-fascism has been an element of movements across the political spectrum and holding many different political positions such as anarchism, communism, pacifism, republicanism, social democracy, socialism and syndicalism as well as centrist, conservative, liberal and nationalist viewpoints. Fascism, a far-right ultra-nationalistic ideology best known for its use by the Italian Fascists and the German Nazis, became prominent beginning in the 1910s. Organization against fascism began around 1920. Fascism became the state ideology of Italy in 1922 and of Germany in 1933, spurring a large increase in anti-fascist action, including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-communism
Anti-communism is Political movement, political and Ideology, ideological opposition to communism, communist beliefs, groups, and individuals. Organized anti-communism developed after the 1917 October Revolution in Russia, and it reached global dimensions during the Cold War, when the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in an intense rivalry. Anti-communism has been an element of many movements and different political positions across the political spectrum, including anarchism, centrism, conservatism, fascism, liberalism, nationalism, social democracy, socialism, leftism, and libertarianism, as well as broad movements #Evasion of censorship, resisting communist governance. Anti-communism has also been expressed by #Religions, several religious groups, and in art and #Literature, literature. The first organization which was specifically dedicated to opposing communism was the Russian White movement, which fought in the Russian Civil War starting in 1918 against the recent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pan-Islamism
Pan-Islamism () is a political movement which advocates the unity of Muslims under one Islamic country or state – often a caliphate – or an international organization with Islamic principles. Historically, after Ottomanism, which aimed at the unity of all Ottoman citizens, Pan-Islamism was promoted in the Ottoman Empire during the last quarter of the 19th century by Sultan Abdul Hamid II for the purpose of preventing secession movements of the Muslim peoples in the empire. Pan-Islamism differentiates itself from pan-nationalistic ideologies, for example Pan-Arabism, by focusing on religion and not ethnicity and race. It sees the ummah (Muslim community) as the focus of allegiance and mobilization, including the Tawhid belief by the guidance of Quran and Sunnah's teachings. The major leaders of the Pan-Islamist movement were the triad of Jamal al-Din Afghani (1839–1897), Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905) and Sayyid Rashid Rida (1865–1935), who were active in anti-colon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takfir
''Takfir'' () is an Arabic language, Arabic and Glossary of Islam, Islamic term which denotes excommunication from Islam of one Muslim by another, i.e. accusing another Muslim of being an Apostasy in Islam, apostate. The word is found neither in the Quran nor in the Hadith, ''ḥadīth'' literature; instead, ''kufr'' ("unbelief") and ''Kafir, kāfir'' ("unbeliever") and other terms employing the same triliteral root ''K-F-R'' appear. Since according to the traditional interpretations of Sharia, Islamic law (''sharīʿa'') the punishment for Apostasy in Islam, apostasy is the Capital punishment in Islam, death penalty, and potentially a cause of strife and violence within the Ummah, Muslim community (''Ummah''),Karawan, Ibrahim A. (1995). "Takfīr". In John L. Esposito. ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. an ill-founded ''takfir'' accusation was a major forbidden act (''haram'') in Fiqh, Islamic jurisprudence, with one ''hadi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdish Hezbollah Insurgency
The Kurdish Hezbollah insurgency was a period of assassinations, armed clashes, kidnappings, and other assaults led by the Kurdish Hezbollah between the 1980s and 2000s. The insurgency started when Kurdish Hezbollah was first founded, and was led by Hüseyin Velioğlu until he was killed by Turkish police in 2000, and then by İsa Altsoy from 2001 until he announced the group's disarmament in 2002. Occasional Turkish government raids against Hezbollah have continued and the conflict is still ongoing. Background Turkish authorities alleged that the Kurdish Hezbollah was financed by Iran, and its fighters were trained in the Islamic Republic of Iran, with Iran allegedly planning on using Kurdish Hezbollah to overthrow the Turkish government and establish an Iran-style Islamic Republic. Nevertheless, Kurdish Hezbollah abandoned that goal and began prioritising Kurdish separatism. The Kurdish Hezbollah viewed Turkey as an oppressive state and an enemy to Islam, and viewed the PKK as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
