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Kurdish Hezbollah (, )
, turkishweekly.net
or Hizbullah,Aslı Aydıntaşbaş
Murder on the Bosporus
''Middle East Quarterly'', June 2000, pp. 15–22, Meforum.org. Retrieved on 2011-02-09.
is a
Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (Sorani) **Southern Kurdish ** Laki Kurdish *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern ...
Sunni Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam and the largest religious denomination in the world. It holds that Muhammad did not appoint any successor and that his closest companion Abu Bakr () rightfully succeeded him as the caliph of the Mu ...
Islamist militant organization, active against
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
, and the
PKK The Kurdistan Workers' Party, or the PKK, isDespite the PKK's 12th Congress announcing plans for total organisational dissolution, the PKK has not yet been dissolved de facto or de jure. a Kurdish militant political organization and armed gue ...
(mainly in the period between 1992 and 1995). The group, founded by
Hüseyin Velioğlu Hüseyin Velioğlu (born Hüseyin Durmaz; January 1, 1952January 17, 2000) was the founder and leader of the Kurdish Hezbollah, a Kurdish separatist and Islamist group which was designated as a terrorist group by the Turkish government. He was k ...
, remains a primarily Kurdish group that has its roots in the predominantly Kurdish southeast of Turkey and among Kurds who migrated to the cities in Western Turkey. The Kurdish Hezbollah began shifting increasingly towards
Kurdish nationalism Kurdish nationalism () is a nationalist political movement which asserts that Kurds are a nation and espouses the creation of an independent Kurdistan from Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. Early Kurdish nationalism had its roots in the Ottoman ...
during Velioğlu's final years, and after Velioğlu's death, under İsa Altsoy's leadership, they disarmed and began focusing on charity work for the Kurdish population under various organizations. The Hezbollah reestablished in 2003 in southeastern Turkey and "today its ideology might be more widespread than ever among Kurds there". Turkish Hezbollah's influence was not limited to Turkey and it has also "left an imprint on Turkish
Kurds in Germany Kurds in Germany () are residents or citizens of Germany of full or partial Kurdish origin. There is a large Kurdish community in Germany. The number of Kurds living in Germany is unknown. Many estimates assume that the number is in the million ...
." The Kurdish Hezbollah is closely affiliated with the
Free Cause Party The Free Cause Party (, HÜDA PAR) is a Kurdish Sunni Islamist political party in Turkey. It is centered in the city of Batman, Turkey. History Roots Following the decision to end armed struggle in 2002, activists of the Hizbullah's Menzil ...
(HÜDA PAR). Despite similar names, Kurdish Hezbollah has no relationship whatsoever with
Hezbollah Hezbollah ( ; , , ) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group. Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the Jihad Council, and its political wing is the Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the Lebanese Parliament. I ...
of Lebanon, the Kurdish Revolutionary Hezbollah or the Kurdish Hezbollah of Iran.


Background

In the 1970s various Kurdish Islamists sought to work through democratic means to develop Islamism in Turkey. It initially remained a Kurdish group that had its roots in the southeast of Turkey, and Kurdish Islamists who migrated to the prosperous cities in Western Turkey. The group utilized poor economical situations of the Kurdish population and had built its social bases in their areas. Many joined the
Turkish National Student Union Turkish National Student Union (Turkish language, Turkish: Millî Türk Talebe Birliği; MTTB) was a Nationalism, nationalist and later Islamism, Islamist organization in Turkey. It was Turkish nationalist from 1946 to 1960s, Turkish–Islamic synt ...
(Milli Türk Talebe Birliği, MTTB), the youth organization of the
National Salvation Party The National Salvation Party (, MSP) was an Islamist political party in Turkey, founded on 11 October 1972 as the successor of the banned National Order Party (''Millî Nizam Partisi'', MNP). The party was formed by a core group of working cadres ...
.The Kurdish Ḥizbullāh in Turkey
Oxford Islamic Studies Online. By: Mehrzad Boroujerdi, Nader Entessar, Martin Kramer, Joseph A. Kéchichian, Emrullah Uslu. Source: The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World
With the closure of these after the
1980 Turkish coup d'état The 1980 Turkish coup d'état (), headed by Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren, was the third coup d'état in the history of the Republic of Turkey, the previous having been the 1960 coup and the 1971 coup by memorandum. During ...
, it appeared clear that the military was too strongly dedicated to
secularism Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion. It is most commonly thought of as the separation of religion from civil affairs and the state and may be broadened ...
for the democratic route to be an option, and a group of Islamists launched the Union Movement (''Vahdet Hareketi''). The movement organised around two bookshops in
Diyarbakır Diyarbakır is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey. It is the administrative center of Diyarbakır Province. Situated around a high plateau by the banks of the Tigris river on which stands the historic Diyarbakır Fortress, it is ...
– Fidan Gündör's ''Menzil'' and
Hüseyin Velioğlu Hüseyin Velioğlu (born Hüseyin Durmaz; January 1, 1952January 17, 2000) was the founder and leader of the Kurdish Hezbollah, a Kurdish separatist and Islamist group which was designated as a terrorist group by the Turkish government. He was k ...
's ''İlim''. Until 1987 the groups gathered around these bookshops worked together.Turkish sympathy for militants grows
Common Dreams News Center
According to the Guido Steinberg, the
Turkish government The Government of Turkey () is the national government of Turkey. It is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative democracy and a constitutional republic within a pluriform multi-party system. The term government can me ...
cooperated with the group against the PKK. In 1987, when Hüseyin Velioğlu moved his bookshop to
Batman Batman is a superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. Batman was created by the artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and debuted in Detective Comics 27, the 27th issue of the comic book ''Detective Comics'' on M ...
, different opinions on leadership and armed actions resulted in the split of the two wings.Mehmet Faraç, ''
Cumhuriyet ''Cumhuriyet'' (; English: "Republic") is the oldest up-market Turkish daily newspaper. It has been described as "the most important independent public interest newspaper in contemporary Turkey". The newspaper was awarded the ''Freedom of Press ...
'', 19 January 2000
Hizbullah'ın kanlı yolculuğu
The so-called İlim-wing, under the leadership of Hüseyin Velioğlu insisted to start the armed struggle immediately. The dispute resulted in bloody fighting between the two factions.
Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights. Headquartered in New York City, the group investigates and reports on issues including War crime, war crimes, crim ...
, 16 February 2000
''What is Turkey's Hizbullah?''
/ref> Between 1990 and 1993, the İlim group killed many members of the Menzil group, and ultimately emerged victorious. In 1993 the İlim group took the name ''Hizbullah''.


History

The group which became known as Hizbollah took this name in 1993, after emerging victorious from a bloody factional war between two wings of the Union Movement (''Vahdet Hareketi'') which had been established following the
1980 Turkish coup d'état The 1980 Turkish coup d'état (), headed by Chief of the General Staff General Kenan Evren, was the third coup d'état in the history of the Republic of Turkey, the previous having been the 1960 coup and the 1971 coup by memorandum. During ...
's crushing of Islamist hopes for democratic success.
Hüseyin Velioğlu Hüseyin Velioğlu (born Hüseyin Durmaz; January 1, 1952January 17, 2000) was the founder and leader of the Kurdish Hezbollah, a Kurdish separatist and Islamist group which was designated as a terrorist group by the Turkish government. He was k ...
's group had previously been known as ''İlim'', named for his bookshop. In March of the same year, soon after
Abdullah Öcalan Abdullah Öcalan ( ; ; born 4 April 1948 or 1949), also known as Apo (short for Abdullah in Turkish; Kurdish for "uncle"), is a founding member of the militant Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Öcalan was based in Syria from 1979 to 1998. He ...
was expelled from Syria, there were reports of an Iranian-brokered peace accord between KH and PKK. According to Turkish security officials, Hezbollah was financed by and trained in post-revolutionary
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
, with Iran allegedly using terror groups to establish Islamic governments throughout the Middle East. Further groups within Hezbollah were named as ''Tevhid'', led by Nurettin Şirin and Mehmet Şahin and ''Yeryüzü'', led by Burhan Kavuncu. Besides the town of Batman, Hezbollah was strongest in
Cizre Cizre () is a city in the Cizre District of Şırnak Province in Turkey. It is located on the river Tigris by the Syria–Turkey border and close to the Iraq–Turkey border. Cizre is in the historical region of Upper Mesopotamia and the cultura ...
district of
Şırnak Şırnak () is a city in Şırnak District and the capital of Şırnak Province in Turkey. The Ibrahim Khalil border crossing with Iraq is one of the main links of Turkey to the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The city is mainly populated by Kurds o ...
,
Nusaybin Nusaybin () is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,079 km2, and its population is 115,586 (2022). The city is populated by Kurds of different tribal affiliation. Nusaybin is separated from the larger Kurd ...
district of
Mardin Mardin (; ; romanized: ''Mārdīn''; ; ) is a city and seat of the Artuklu District of Mardin Province in Turkey. It is known for the Artuqids, Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location on a rocky hill near the Tigris ...
and Silvan district of
Diyarbakır Diyarbakır is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey. It is the administrative center of Diyarbakır Province. Situated around a high plateau by the banks of the Tigris river on which stands the historic Diyarbakır Fortress, it is ...
province. For a long time the village Yolaç was used as their base. Initially, the PKK and Hezbollah had been allies, with some of the earliest Hezbollah fighters receiving their training in PKK camps.Peaceful Islamist Mobilization in the Muslim World: What Went Right, Julie Chernov Hwang, 2009, pp. 34, In the early 1990s the organization became a direct threat to the already rising Kurdish separatist movement. The Hezbollah viewed the "PKK's claim to be the only true spokesman of Kurdish nationalism" as a "threat to its own identity", and dubbed the PKK as the "''Partiya Kafirin Kurdistan''" meaning Kurdistans Infidels' Party. As an Islamist organization, KH began as an oppositional force against the PKK, but have targeted both PKK militants and other people they considered "immoral" (people who drank alcohol, wore mini-skirts etc.). Between 1992 and 1995 they killed around 500 PKK members, for the loss of around 200 of its own. In 2007, after the
Assassination of Hrant Dink The prominent Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink was assassinated in Istanbul on 19 January 2007. Dink was a newspaper editor who had written and spoken about the Armenian genocide and was well known for his efforts for reconciliation betwe ...
, his friend Orhan Alkaya suggested that the three-shot assassination technique was a signature mark of the Kurdish Hezbollah. KH also targeted journalists who wrote about its activities, particularly those who wrote about connections between them and the Turkish state. It was believed that the group gets support from Turkish army for its conflict against the PKK. Journalists, mainly Kurds, associated with ''
2000'e Doğru ''2000'e Doğru'' () was a weekly Turkish news magazine. It was published between 1987 and 1992. History and profile ''2000'e Doğru'' was established in January 1987 by Doğu Perinçek. The publisher was Sistem Yayıncılık. In 1989 it had a cir ...
'' and ''
Özgür Gündem ''Özgür Gündem'' (Turkish language, Turkish for "Free Agenda") was an Istanbul-based daily Turkish language newspaper, mainly read by Kurds. Launched in May 1992, the newspaper was known for its extensive reporting on the Kurdish-Turkish confl ...
'' were particularly targeted (see List of journalists killed in Turkey). Some of KH's major attacks allegedly include an April 1999 suicide bombing in Bingöl, and the 2001 assassination of Diyarbakir police chief
Gaffar Okkan Ali Gaffar Okkan (1952 – January 24, 2001) was a Turkish police chief who was assassinated in an ambush in Diyarbakır, southeastern Turkey. Early life Ali Gaffar Okkan was born in Hendek, Sakarya Province in 1952. He was of Georgian descent ...
(and five other police officers).
Evan Kohlmann Evan F. Kohlmann (born 1979) is an American cyberintelligence professional who is the founder and chief executive officer of Cloudburst Technologies. Before founding the company, he worked as a terrorism consultant for the FBI, DOJ, SO15, and o ...
, ''
National Review ''National Review'' is an American conservative editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs. The magazine was founded by William F. Buckley Jr. in 1955. Its editor-in-chief is Rich L ...
'', 25 November 2003
Terrorized Turkey: Pointing fingers at al Qaeda
/ref>


Turkish military support

The Kurdish Hezbollah claimed that they do not work with Turkey and that it is mere PKK propaganda, while Turkey also hated Hezbollah throughout their entire existence but only tolerated them at first, due to them fighting the PKK. A former
JITEM Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele or Jandarma İstihbarat Teşkilatı (abbr. ''JİTEM'' or ''JİT''; English: "Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism" or "Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization") is the intelligence department of ...
agent confirmed that Turkey had offered Kurdish Hezbollah assistance against the PKK, although Hüseyin Velioğlu kept refusing it, stating that the Kurdish Hezbollah really hates Turkey and aims for peace with the PKK. The PKK also exaggerated links between Turkey and the Kurdish Hezbollah, to discredit Kurdish Hezbollah and to distract the public from the fact that the PKK itself was infiltrated by Turkish agents before. The weekly ''
2000'e Doğru ''2000'e Doğru'' () was a weekly Turkish news magazine. It was published between 1987 and 1992. History and profile ''2000'e Doğru'' was established in January 1987 by Doğu Perinçek. The publisher was Sistem Yayıncılık. In 1989 it had a cir ...
'' of 16 February 1992 reported that eyewitnesses and sympathizers of Hezbollah had informed them that members of the organization were educated in the headquarters of Turkey's rapid deployment force (''
Çevik Kuvvet The Çevik Kuvvet () is the riot squad of the General Directorate of Security (Turkish National Police). It was established in 1982, replacing the ''Toplum Polisi''. Equipment includes TOMA water cannon vehicles, Otokar Akrep "scorpion" APCs ...
'') in Diyarbakır. Two days after the article was published its author, Halit Güngen was killed by unidentified murderers. Namik Taranci, the Diyarbakir representative of the weekly journal ''Gerçek'' (Reality), was shot dead on November 20, 1992 on his way to work in Diyarbakır. Again, the previous edition of the magazine had examined relations between the state and Hizbullah. Hafiz Akdemir, reporter for ''
Özgür Gündem ''Özgür Gündem'' (Turkish language, Turkish for "Free Agenda") was an Istanbul-based daily Turkish language newspaper, mainly read by Kurds. Launched in May 1992, the newspaper was known for its extensive reporting on the Kurdish-Turkish confl ...
'' (Free Agenda), was shot dead in a Diyarbakır street on June 8, 1992, after reporting that a man who had given refuge to assassins fleeing a Hezbollah-style double killing in Silvan was released after only six weeks in custody, without even appearing in court. The 1993 report of Turkey's Parliamentary Investigation Commission referred to information that Hezbollah had a camp in the Batman region where they received political and military training and assistance from the security forces. Former Minister
Fikri Sağlar Fikri Sağlar (born 1953) is a Turkish social democrat politician. He was Minister of Culture in the early 1990s, and a member of the parliamentary commission which investigated the Susurluk scandal. He has been a columnist for ''Birgün''. In ...
said in an interview with the paper ''Siyah-Beyaz'' (Black-White) that the army not only used Hezbollah, but actually founded and sponsored the organization. He maintained that such a decision had been taken in 1985 at the highest levels – the
National Security Council A national security council (NSC) is usually an executive branch governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security. An NSC is often headed by a n ...
. On 17 January 2011
Arif Doğan Arif Doğan (born Kırıkhan, Hatay Province, 1945 – 17 October 2014) was a commander in the Turkish Gendarmerie, and said to be one of the founders of the Gendarmerie's JITEM intelligence unit. He was a defendant in the Ergenekon trials, and ...
, a retired colonel in the
Turkish army The Turkish Land Forces () is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for Army, land-based military operations. The army was formed on November 8, 1920, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Significant campaigns since the ...
who also claims to be a founder of
JİTEM Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele or Jandarma İstihbarat Teşkilatı (abbr. ''JİTEM'' or ''JİT''; English: "Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counter-Terrorism" or "Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization") is the intelligence department of ...
, while testifying in court in the
Ergenekon Ergenekon is a Turkish term that may refer to: *The Epic of Ergenekon, the founding myth of Turkic and Mongolic peoples * Necabettin Ergenekon (1926-2020), Turkish officer *Ergenekon, Turkish name of Agios Chariton, a village in Cyprus *Ergenekon ...
case, declared that he set up Hezbollah as a
contra Contra may refer to: Places * Contra, Virginia * Contra Costa Canal, an aqueduct in the U.S. state of California * Contra Costa County, California * Tenero-Contra, a municipality in the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerla ...
group to force to fight and kill militants of the PKK. The organization was originally to be called ''Hizbul-Kontr'' ("Party of the Contras"). According to journalist Faik Bulut, some Hizbollah members were caught in Istanbul with 40 kg of
C-4 explosive C-4 or Composition C-4 is a common variety of the plastic explosive family known as Composition C, which uses RDX as its explosive agent. C-4 is composed of explosives, plastic binder, plasticizer to make it malleable, and usually a marker or odor ...
and valid Turkish
National Intelligence Organization loction 39°54'25.0"N 32°39'59.3"E The National Intelligence Organization (), also known by its Turkish language, Turkish initials MIT or MİT, or colloquially as the Organization (), is an intelligence agency of the Turkish government tasked ...
identity cards.


Human resources

In December 2003 Corry Görgü put the number of militants as high as 20,000Corry Görgü
"Die Anschläge auf die Synagogen in Istanbul und die Rolle von Staat und Hizbullah"
/ref> a figure presented by the
Center for Defense Information The Center for Defense Information (CDI) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization based in Washington, D.C. It specialized in analyzing and advising on military matters. History The Center for Defense Information was founded in 1971 by an indepen ...
as well. Information provided by the Intelligence Resource Program of the
Federation of American Scientists The Federation of American Scientists (FAS) is an American nonprofit global policy think tank with the stated intent of using science and scientific analysis to attempt to make the world more secure. FAS was founded in 1945 by a group of scient ...
based on the 2002
Patterns of Global Terrorism ''Patterns of Global Terrorism'' was a report published each year on or before April 30 by the United States Department of State. It has since been renamed Country Reports on Terrorism. The Secretary of State is required by Congress to produce d ...
report suggests that the organisation possibly has a few hundred members and several thousand supporters.Turkish Hizballah
Fas.org. Retrieved on 2011-02-09.
Ufuk Hiçyılmaz stated that the group had about 1,000 armed members.


Trials (2000–2011)

After the kidnapping of several businessmen in
Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...
and the subsequent raid of a house in
Beykoz Beykoz () is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Istanbul Province, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 310 km2, and its population is 247,875 (2022). It lies at the northern end of the Bosphorus on the Anatolian side. The name i ...
quarter a nationwide hunt on Hezbollah supporters followed. During the operation in Beykoz on 17 January 2000 Hüseyin Velioğlu was killed and Edip Gümüş and Cemal Tutar were detained. Edip Gümüş, born 1958 in Batman was alleged to lead the military wing of Hezbollah and Cemal Tutar was said to be a member of the armed wing.An online edition of th
Annual Report 2000 of the Human Rights Foundation of Turkey
is available on the website of the Democratic Turkey Forum
In this period nearly 6000 KH members were arrested. In the time to follow many trials were conducted in Diyarbakır and other places against alleged members of Hezbollah. In several instances defendants raised torture allegations. Such allegations are documented in Urgent Actions (UA) of
Amnesty International Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom. The organization says that it has more than ten million members a ...
. In the trial in which Edip Gümüş and Cemal Tutar were indicted the defendant Fahrettin Özdemir said on 10 July 2000 that he had been held in custody for 59 days and had been tortured. In the hearing of 11 September 2000 Cemal Tutar said that he had been held in police custody for 180 days. The Turkish Hezbollah trial was concluded in December 2009. The defendants received varying terms of imprisonment. Eighteen members of Turkish Hezbollah, amongst them Edip Gümüs and Cemal Tutar, were released from jail on 4 January 2011, in accordance with a recent amendment to the Turkish criminal code that set a limit of 10 years on the time detainees can be held without being sentenced in a final verdict. The juridic authorities demanded a re-arrest of the released, but the police failed in locating them.


Movement of the Oppressed and Free Cause Party (2002–present)

Following the decision to end armed struggle in 2002, sympathizers of Hizbollah's Menzil group founded an association called "Solidarity with the Oppressed" (tr: ''Mustazaflar ile Dayanışma Derneği'' or short Mustazaf Der) in 2003.Compare an article in the daily Radikal of 13 April 2013
Hizbullah: Tebliğ, Cemaat, Cihat
accessed on 15 April 2013
It also became known as the Movement of the Oppressed (
Turkish Turkish may refer to: * Something related to Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire * The w ...
: ''Mustazaflar Hareketi''). On 18 April 2010 Mustazaf Der organized a mass meeting in Diyarbakir to celebrate the anniversary of the
Prophet Muhammad In Islam, Muhammad () is venerated as the Seal of the Prophets who transmitted the Quran, eternal word of God () from the Angels in Islam, angel Gabriel () to humans and jinn. Muslims believe that the Quran, the central religious text of Isl ...
's birthday (known as
Mawlid The Mawlid () is an annual festival commemorating the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad on the traditional date of 12 Rabi' al-Awwal, the third month of the Islamic calendar. A day central to the traditions of some Sunnis, Mawlid is al ...
). The Turkish police estimated that the event was attended by 120,000 people. The organizers put the figure at over 300,000.See an article of the International Relation and Security Network in Zurich of 15 June 2010 written by Gareth Jenkin
A New Front in the PKK Insurgency
accessed on 15 April 2013
On 20 April 2010 a court in Diyarbakir ordered the closure of the Association for the Oppressed (Mustazaf-Der) on the grounds that it was "conducting activities on behalf of the terrorist organization Hizbollah." The decision was confirmed by the
Court of Cassation A court of cassation is a high-instance court that exists in some judicial systems. Courts of cassation do not re-examine the facts of a case; they only interpret the relevant law. In this, they are appellate courts of the highest instance. In ...
on 11 May 2012. In late 2012, the Movement of the Oppressed announced its will to found a political party, basically to challenge the hegemony of the
Peace and Democracy Party The Peace and Democracy Party (, , BDP) was a Kurdish political party in Turkey existing from 2008 to 2014. Development BDP succeeded the Democratic Society Party (DTP) in 2008, following the closure of the latter party for its alleged conne ...
. In December 2012, a political party with the name
Free Cause Party The Free Cause Party (, HÜDA PAR) is a Kurdish Sunni Islamist political party in Turkey. It is centered in the city of Batman, Turkey. History Roots Following the decision to end armed struggle in 2002, activists of the Hizbullah's Menzil ...
(''Hür Dava Partisi'') was founded.Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda-Par) Resmen Kuruldu
. Haberdiyarbakir.com (2012-12-17). Retrieved on 2013-02-09.
Hüda-Par, the abbreviated form of the party's name is synonymous with Hizbollah, both interpreted as the "God's Party", emphasising that the party is a front for the otherwise illegal Hizbollah. Societies affiliated with Hüda-Par operate under the umbrella organisation Lovers of Prophet (
Turkish Turkish may refer to: * Something related to Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire * The w ...
: ''Peygamber Sevdalıları'',
Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (Sorani) **Southern Kurdish ** Laki Kurdish *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern ...
: ''Evindarên Pêyxamber'') particularly active in Kurdish
Mawlid The Mawlid () is an annual festival commemorating the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad on the traditional date of 12 Rabi' al-Awwal, the third month of the Islamic calendar. A day central to the traditions of some Sunnis, Mawlid is al ...
meetings.


Flags

Some of the flags used by Hezbollah Kurdistan. File:Kurdish Hezbollah flag.svg File:Kurdish Hezbollah flag 4.svg File:Kurdish Hezbollah flag 5.svg File:Kurdish Hezbollah flag 6.svg File:Kurdish Hezbollah flag 9.svg File:Kurdish Hezbollah flag 8.svg File:Kurdish Hezbollah flag 7.svg File:Kurdish Hezbollah flag 10.svg


See also

* :People killed by Kurdish Hezbollah *
Konca Kuris Konca may refer to: Given name * Konca Kuris (1960–1998), Turkish feminist who was murdered in Konya, Turkey Surname * Ali Haydar Konca (born 1950), Turkish politician * Ender Konca (born 1947), Turkish footballer Place name *''Konca'', the ...
, Turkish feminist, one of Hizbollah's victims * Ittihadul Ulema (Union of Islamic Scholars and Schools) *
Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front The Great Eastern Islamic Raiders' Front (''İslami Büyükdoğu Akıncılar Cephesi'' in Turkish, abbreviated İBDA-C) is an Islamist militant organization. The group's self-proclaimed goal is to dismantle Turkey and form the State of Grand ...
*
List of illegal political parties in Turkey Illegal political parties in Turkey lists those organisations founded in or carried out activities mainly targeted to Turkey that (a) consider themselves to be political party, political parties as indicated in their self-assigned names, (b) are ...
*
Kurdistan Islamic Movement (Turkey) Hereketa İslamiya Kurdistane was a Kurdish Sunni Islamist sociopolitical movement in southeastern Turkey. It was established in 1993 and led by Seyda Mele Abdullah. The group merged with the Kurdistan Islamic Community (CÎK), a pro-PKK faction, ...
* Kurdish Hezbollah of Iran


References


Bibliography

* *


External links


Turkish Hezbollah: Release of Turkish Hezbollah Members Rocks TurkeyHizbullah (Oxford)
{{Authority control 1983 establishments in Turkey Banned Islamist parties in Turkey Banned Kurdish parties in Turkey Islamic terrorism in Turkey Jihadist groups Organizations designated as terrorist by Turkey Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist Organizations based in Europe designated as terrorist Political parties established in 1983 Rebel groups in Turkey Kurdish Islamic organisations Kurdish Islamism Antisemitism in Turkey