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Racism In France
Racism has been called a serious social issue in French people, French society, despite a widespread public belief that racism does not exist on a serious scale in France. Antisemitism and prejudice against Muslims have a long history. Acts of racism have been reported against members of various minority groups, including History of the Jews in France, Jews, Berbers in France, Berbers, Arabs in France, Arabs and Asians. Police data from 2019 indicates a total of 1,142 acts classified as "racist" without a religious connotation. In-depth assessing of the issue remains difficult as French law prohibits the government from collecting ethnic and religious census data (). The National and Consultative Commission on Human Rights (''Commission nationale et consultative des droits de l'Homme'') reported in 2016 that only 8% of French people believe that some races are superior to others. French law legislates against racism. The Constitution of France, Constitution of 1958 guarantees c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Arabism
Anti-Arab racism, also called Anti-Arabism, Anti-Arab sentiment, or Arabophobia, refers to feelings and expressions of hostility, hatred, discrimination, fear, or prejudice toward Arab people, the Arab world or the Arabic language on the basis of an irrational disdain for their ethnic and cultural affiliation. Notable historical instances of anti-Arab racism include the expulsion of the Moriscos from 1609 to 1614, the pacification of Algeria from 1830 to 1875, the Libyan Genocide from 1929 to 1934, the Nakba in Mandatory Palestine from 1947 to 1949, and the Zanzibar massacre in 1964. In the modern era, anti-Arabism is apparent in many nations, including the United States and Israel, as well as parts of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. In the United States, anti-Arab racism surged after the September 11 attacks, resulting in widespread racial profiling and hate crimes against Arab Americans. Arab citizens of Israel and Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied Palestinia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of List of islands of the United Kingdom, the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering . Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. It maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London. The cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea, and to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. The region includes Middle America (Americas), Middle America (comprising the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico) and Northern America. North America covers an area of about , representing approximately 16.5% of Earth's land area and 4.8% of its total surface area. It is the third-largest continent by size after Asia and Africa, and the list of continents and continental subregions by population, fourth-largest continent by population after Asia, Africa, and Europe. , North America's population was estimated as over 592 million people in list of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America, 23 independent states, or about 7.5% of the world's popula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Observance
Religious law includes ethical and moral codes taught by religious traditions. Examples of religiously derived legal codes include Christian canon law (applicable within a wider theological conception in the church, but in modern times distinct from secular state law), Jewish ''halakha'', Islamic ''sharia'', and Hindu law. In some jurisdictions, religious law may apply only to that religion's adherents; in others, it may be enforced by civil authorities for all residents. Established religions and religious institutions A state religion (or established church) is a religious body officially endorsed by the state. A theocracy is a form of government in which a God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler. In both theocracies and some religious jurisdictions, conscientious objectors may cause religious offense. The contrary legal systems are secular states or multicultural societies in which the government does not formally adopt a particular religion, but may eithe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moroccans In France
French-Moroccans or Franco-Moroccans or simply ( French: Franco-Marocains) are French citizens and nationals ethnic group, of the France with French citizenship and a French passport of Moroccans descent, immigrants from Morocco to the France and their descendants they are the second largest ethnic group in the France after Algerians in France. French people of Moroccan descent living in France account for a large sector of the total immigrant population in France. Following the French protectorate in French Morocco from 1912 to 1956, many Moroccans chose to immigrate to France from the 1960s to the present due to France's favorable economic conditions. Demographics The 2011 Census recorded 433,026 Moroccan-born people. Religion According to the national survey of 2020 holden by the INSEE, 65% of the French of Moroccan origin adhered to Islam; at the same time, 5% of the French of Moroccan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerians In France
Algerians in France (French: ''Algériens en France''; Arabic: ''جزائريون في فرنسا'') are people of Algerian descent or nationality living in France. People of Algerian origin account for a large sector of the total population in France, and are the largest single represented foreign nationality in France. Some immigrated during colonial rule in Algeria starting in the 1920s, and large numbers chose to emigrate to France from the 1960s onwards. Demographics The 2023 Census recorded 892,000 Algerian-born people. Migration The migration of Algerians to France happened in multiple waves: from 1913–1921, from 1922–1939, and from 1940–1954. During the years of 1947–1953, specifically, France saw a large influx of Maghrebi immigrants. Legal Algerian immigrants numbered 740,000 between these years. In the 1950s, the French government began encouraging Algerian migration, as a result of pressure from businesses. This ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam In France
Islam is the second-largest religion in France after Christianity. As of the most recent estimates, it is followed by approximately 9 million people, accounting for about 13% of the national population. This represents a steady increase from 2023, when Muslims comprised around 10% of the adult population—approximately 6.8 million people—according to data from Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, INSEE. The majority of Muslims in France belong to the Sunni Islam, Sunni denomination and are of foreign origins. Sizeable minorities of Shia and non-denominational Muslims also exist. The French overseas region of Mayotte has a majority Muslim population, with 97% of the population following Islam. A report from the French Institute of Statistics in 2024 have reported that 76% of Muslims in France believe that religion is very important while 24% have stated religion played a somewhat important part and role in their life. The Insee and the National ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Assimilation
Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble a society's Dominant culture, majority group or fully adopts the values, behaviors, and beliefs of another group. The melting pot model is based on this concept. A related term is cultural integration, which describes the process of becoming economically and socially integrated into another society while retaining elements of one’s original culture. This approach is also known as cultural pluralism, and it forms the basis of a cultural mosaic model that upholds the preservation of cultural rights. Another closely related concept is acculturation, which occurs through cultural diffusion and involves changes in the cultural patterns of one or both groups, while still maintaining distinct characteristics. There are various types of cultural assimilation, including full assimilation and forced assimilation. Full assimilation is common, as it occurs spontaneously. Assimilation can also invol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Civil Service
The French civil service () is the set of civil servants (''fonctionnaires'') working for the Government of France. Not all employees of the state and public institutions or corporations are civil servants; however, the media often incorrectly equate "government employee" or "employee of a public corporation" with ''fonctionnaire''. For instance, most employees of the RATP and SNCF (metropolitan and national rail transport authorities) are not civil servants. The Civil Service is also sometimes incorrectly referred to as the ''administration'', but, properly speaking, the ''administration'' is the compound of public administrations and public administrative establishments, not their employees. Most employment positions in the French civil service are open to citizens of the European Union. Others, especially in police and justice, are specifically reserved for nationals, while a minority are open regardless of citizenship. About half of the civil servants are employed in the Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Law On Secularity And Conspicuous Religious Symbols In Schools
The French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools bans wearing conspicuous religious symbols in French public (e.g., government-operated) primary and secondary schools. The law is an amendment to the French Code of Education that expands principles founded in existing French law, especially the constitutional requirement of ''laïcité'': the separation of state and religious activities. The bill passed France's national legislature and was signed into law by President Jacques Chirac on 15 March 2004 (thus the technical name is law 2004-228 of 15 March 2004) and came into effect on 2 September 2004. The full title of the law is "" (literally "Law #2004-228 of 15 March 2004, concerning, as an application of the principle of the separation of church and state, the wearing of symbols or garb which show religious affiliation in public primary and secondary schools"). The law does not mention any particular religious symbol, and thus bans Christian (veil, si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
