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RV Horizon
RV ''Horizon'', ex Auxiliary Fleet Tug ''ATA-180'', was a Scripps Institution of Oceanography research vessel from 1949 through 1968. During that time she made 267 cruises and logging spending 4,207 days at sea. Construction ''ATA-180'' was launched 14 July 1944, was commissioned 27 September 1944 and served in the Asiatic-Pacific Theater. She was laid up in the Pacific Reserve Fleet and stricken from the Naval Register in 1948. Service history As a tug the ship had an obscure history, without an entry in the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships and only the bare facts of her construction and deployment. The only mention of ''ATA-180'' on the Naval History and Heritage Command web site is listing as part of Task Unit 1.2.7 (Salvage Unit) at Operation Crossroads. The ship became notable in her second career as one of the trailblazing postwar oceanographic research vessels beginning with her conversion in 1949. Research career and significance The ship was notable in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scripps Institution Of Oceanography
Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) is the center for oceanography and Earth science at the University of California, San Diego. Its main campus is located in La Jolla, with additional facilities in Point Loma. Founded in 1903 and incorporated into the University of California system in 1912, the institution has since broadened its research focus to encompass the physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and climate of the Earth. The institution awards the Nierenberg Prize annually to recognize researchers with exceptional contributions to science in public interest. History Founding Scripps Institution of Oceanography can trace its beginnings back to William Ritter, a biologist originally from Wisconsin. In 1891, Ritter was offered a job teaching biology at the University of California, Berkeley and married Mary Bennett. Their honeymoon and subsequent biological studies took them to San Diego, where Ritter met a local physician and naturalist, Fred Baker, who would ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of California, San Diego
The University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego in communications material, formerly and colloquially UCSD) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in San Diego, California, United States. Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, UC San Diego is the southernmost of the ten campuses of the University of California. It offers over 200 undergraduate and graduate degree programs, enrolling 33,096 undergraduate and 9,872 graduate students, with the second largest student housing capacity in the nation. The university occupies near the Pacific coast. UC San Diego consists of 12 undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools as well as 8 undergraduate residential colleges. The university operates 19 organized research units as well as 8 School of Medicine research units, 6 research centers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and 2 multi-campus initiatives. UC San Diego is als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Indian Ocean Expedition
The International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) was a large-scale multinational hydrographic survey of the Indian Ocean which took place from September 1, 1959, to December 31, 1965, Jawaharlal Nehru then PM of India inaugurated International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) in 1959 with collaboration with foreign universities. It worked to describe and understand the basic features of the Indian Ocean. It is renamed as The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) on 1st January 1966 as one of 38 constituent laboratories of the CSIR. N.K. Panikkar, Padma Shri, was appointed as director of this institute, a position he held until his retirement in May 1973. It involved over 45 research vessels from 14 countries. It was sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanographic Research, and later by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. Vast amounts of data on oceanic organisms were collected. For example, specimens of Polychaetes Polychaeta () is a paraphyletic class ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Snatch (ARS-27)
USS ''Snatch'' (ARS-27), well known as Scripps RV ''Argo'' after conversion to scientific research, was a commissioned by the United States Navy during World War II and in service from 11 December 1944 through 23 December 1946. Her task was to come to the aid of stricken vessels. The ship is better known from her scientific research role as the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) research vessel RV ''Argo''. It is that name, apparently not formally recognized by Navy that maintained title to the vessel, found in the scientific literature and public releases about her wide ranging research voyages. U.S. Naval service ''Snatch'' was laid down on 28 September 1943 by the Basalt Rock Company in Napa, California; launched on 8 April 1944; sponsored by Mrs. S. B. Johnson; and commissioned on 11 December 1944. World War II service ''Snatch'' conducted her shakedown cruise off San Diego, California, and returned to San Francisco, California from where she steamed on 20 February 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guyot
In marine geology, a guyot (), also called a tablemount, is an isolated underwater volcanic mountain (seamount) with a flat top more than below the surface of the sea. The diameters of these flat summits can exceed . Guyots are most commonly found in the Pacific Ocean, but they have been identified in all the oceans except the Arctic Ocean. They are analogous to tables (such as mesas) on land. History Guyots were first recognized in 1945 by Harry Hammond Hess, who collected data using echo-sounding equipment on a ship he commanded during World War II. His data showed that some undersea mountains had flat tops. Hess called these undersea mountains "guyots", after the Department of Geosciences building at Princeton. Hess postulated they were once volcanic islands that were beheaded by wave action, yet they are now deep under sea level. This idea was used to help bolster the theory of plate tectonics. Formation Guyots show evidence of having once been above the surface, with gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonga Trench
The Tonga Trench is an oceanic trench located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It is the deepest trench in the Southern hemisphere and the second deepest on Earth after the Mariana Trench. The fastest plate-tectonic velocity on Earth is occurring at this location, as the Pacific plate is being Subduction, subducted westward in the trench. Horizon Deep The deepest point of the Tonga Trench, the Horizon Deep at , is deep, making it the deepest point in the Southern Hemisphere and the second deepest on Earth after the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench. It is named for the research vessel RV Horizon, ''Horizon'' of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the crew of which found the deep in December 1952. As one of the deepest Hadal zone, hadal trenches, the sediment of the Horizon Deep harbours a community of Nematode, roundworms. A 2016 study found that the abundance of individuals in this community is six times greater than it is at a site on the trench edge at approximate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capricorn Seamount
Capricorn Seamount is a seamount in Tonga. It rises to a depth of about and is capped off by a wide summit platform. It appears to be a submerged volcano of Miocene age that may be part of a volcanic chain with Niue. Capricorn Seamount is located on the eastern flank of the Tonga Trench and is in the process of breaking up; in turn the trench has been altered by the interaction with the downgoing seamount. Geography, research history and name The Capricorn Seamount lies east of Vava'u Island in Tonga and inside of Tonga's exclusive economic zone. First examined by the during the Capricorn Expedition of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, it was successfully dredged in 1958 by the during the Pacific Cruise of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute. It is also known as Capricorn guyot, Gora Kaprikorn and Capricorn tablemount. Geomorphology and geology The large guyot rises over from the eastern flank of the Tonga Trench to a depth of . It features a wide flat t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plate Tectonics
Plate tectonics (, ) is the scientific theory that the Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of , an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics came to be accepted by Earth science, geoscientists after seafloor spreading was validated in the mid-to-late 1960s. The processes that result in plates and shape Earth's crust are called ''tectonics''. Tectonic plates also occur in other planets and moons. Earth's lithosphere, the rigid outer shell of the planet including the crust (geology), crust and upper mantle, is fractured into seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates or "platelets". Where the plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of plate boundary (or fault (geology), fault): , , or . The relative movement of the plates typically ranges from zero to 10 cm annu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California Digital Library
The California Digital Library (CDL) was founded by the University of California in 1997. Under the leadership of then UC President Richard C. Atkinson, the CDL's original mission was to forge a better system for scholarly information management and improved support for teaching and research. In collaboration with the ten University of California Libraries and other partners, CDL assembled one of the world's largest digital research libraries. CDL facilitates the licensing of online materials and develops shared services used throughout the UC system. Building on the foundations of the Melvyl Catalog (UC's union catalog), CDL has developed one of the largest online library catalogs in the country and works in partnership with the UC campuses to bring the treasures of California's libraries, museums, and cultural heritage organizations to the world. CDL continues to explore how services such as digital curation, scholarly publishing, archiving and preservation support researc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RV Calypso
RV ''Calypso'' is a former British Royal Navy minesweeper converted into a research vessel for the Oceanography, oceanographic researcher Jacques Cousteau, equipped with a mobile laboratory for underwater field research. She was severely damaged in 1996 and was planned to undergo a complete refurbishment in 2009–2011 that has not been accomplished. The ship is named after the Greek mythological figure Calypso (mythology), Calypso. World War II British minesweeper (1941–1947) ''Calypso'' was originally a minesweeper (ship), minesweeper built by the Ballard Marine Railway Company of Seattle, Washington (state), Washington, United States for the United States Navy for loan to the British Royal Navy under lend-lease. A wooden-hulled vessel, she is built of Douglas fir, Oregon pine. She was a BYMS-class minesweeper, British yard minesweeper (BYMS) Mark 1 class motor minesweeper, Keel laying, laid down on 12 August 1941 with yard designation ''BYMS-26'' and Ship naming and lau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RV Vityaz (1939)
''Vityaz'' () is a research vessel that was built in 1939 by Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG, Bremen, Germany as ''Mars'' for Neptun Line, Bremen. She served with the Kriegsmarine during World War II and was seized by the United Kingdom in 1945. She was renamed ''Empire Forth'' for the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT). She was allocated to the Soviet Union in 1946 under the terms of the Potsdam Agreement and renamed ''Equator'' () and later renamed ''Admiral Makarov'' (). She was renamed ''Vityaz'' in 1949 and was used as a research vessel. Retired in 1979, she was preserved as a museum ship in 1982. __FORCETOC__ Description When recorded in 1945, the ship was long, with a beam of . She had a depth of and a draught of . She was assessed at , . The ship was propelled by two two-stroke Single Cycle, Single Action diesel engines, which have seven cylinders of 24 inches (62 cm) diameter by 45 inches (115 cm) stroke driving twin screw propellers. The engines were b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
