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Pyralid
The Pyraloidea (pyraloid moths or snout moths) are a moth superfamily containing about 16,000 described species worldwide, and probably at least as many more remain to be described. They are generally fairly small moths, and as such, they have been traditionally associated with the paraphyletic Microlepidoptera. This superfamily used to contain the Hyblaeidae, Thyrididae, Alucitidae (plus Tineodidae), Pterophoridae, and Pyralidae. The first four families are now each split off as a distinct superfamily. Nowadays, Pyralidae are usually split into the Pyralidae sensu stricto and the Crambidae, as both groups have been shown to be monophyletic and a sister group. Some genera (e.g. ''Micronix'' and ''Tanaobela'') still defy easy classification and have been variously assigned to the Crambidae or the Pyralidae. Among all Lepidoptera, pyraloids show the most diverse life history adaptations. The larvae of most species feed on living plants either internally or externally as leaf ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea. In many (particularly older) classifications, the grass moths (Crambidae) are included in the Pyralidae as a subfamily, making the combined group one of the largest families in the Lepidoptera. The latest review by Eugene G. Munroe and Maria Alma Solis retain the Crambidae as a full family of Pyraloidea. The wingspans for small and medium-sized species are usually between with variable morphological features. It is a diverse group, with more than 6,000 species described worldwide, and more than 600 species in America north of Mexico, comprising the third largest moth family in North America. At least 42 species have been recorded from North Dakota in the subfamilies of Pyralidae. Relationship with humans Most of these small moths are inconspicuous. Many are economically important pests, including waxworms, which are the caterpi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic rank, superfamilies, 10 percent of the total described species of living organisms. It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world. The Lepidoptera show many variations of the basic body structure that have evolved to gain advantages in lifestyle and distribution. Recent estimates suggest the order may have more species than earlier thought, and is among the four most wikt:speciose, speciose orders, along with the Hymenoptera, fly, Diptera, and beetle, Coleoptera. Lepidopteran species are characterized by more than three derived features. The most apparent is the presence of scale (anatomy), scales that cover the torso, bodies, wings, and a proboscis. The scales are modified, flattened "hairs", and give ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wurthiini
Wurthiini is a tribe of the species-rich subfamily Spilomelinae in the pyraloid moth family Crambidae. Description Adult Wurthiini are small to medium-sized moths with wing spans of normally 20 to over 30 mm, whereas adults of ''Niphopyralis'' are usually somewhat smaller, with wingspans of 12 to 22 mm, and the males being smaller than the females. In the male genitalia, the uncus consists of a single head bearing stiff chaetae, or it is bicapitate (''Niphopyralis''). The tegumen-vinculum complex is more or less elongate rounded. The valvae are slender and tapering towards the apex, with the costa weakly to strongly concave (e.g. in ''Apilocrocis novateutonialis''; see ). The juxta is usually deeply split or divided into two juxta arms (a synapomorphy of the tribe). The fibula is broad triangular and ventrally directed. On its mesal side, the valva sacculus is produced as a strongly sclerotised arm that usually ends dorsally in a broad, spinulose tip or a needleshap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyralinae
The Pyralinae are the typical subfamily of snout moths ( family Pyralidae) and occur essentially worldwide, in some cases aided by involuntary introduction by humans. They are rather rare in the Americas however, and their diversity in the Australian region is also limited. Altogether, this subfamily includes about 900 described species, but new ones continue to be discovered. Like many of their relatives in the superfamily Pyraloidea, the caterpillar larvae of many Pyralinae – and in some cases even the adults – have evolved the ability to use unusual foods for nutrition; a few of these can become harmful to humans as pests of stored goods.Solis (2007) Description and ecology This subfamily unites generally mid-sized to smallish moths with a more or less cryptic coloration including most often various hues of brownish colors. Adult females of Pyralinae (except ''Cardamyla'' and '' Embryoglossa'') are characterized by the short genital ductus bursae, their corpus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galleriinae
The Galleriinae are a subfamily of snout moths (family Pyralidae) and occur essentially worldwide, in some cases aided by involuntary introduction by humans. This subfamily includes the wax moths, whose caterpillars (waxworms) are bred on a commercial scale as food for pets and as fishing bait; in the wild, these and other species of Galleriinae may also be harmful to humans as pests. At the species level, they are the least diverse snout moth subfamily according to current knowledge, with 306 described species all together. However, as regards major lineages, the Galleriinae are quite diverse, with five tribes being recognized – more than in the Phycitinae, the most species-rich snout moth subfamily. One of these tribes, the Joelminetiini, has been described only in 2007, and presently contains a single and highly aberrant genus. Description and ecology The caterpillar larvae of Galleriinae usually have a sclerotised (hardened) ring around the base of seta SD1 on the fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phycitinae
The Phycitinae are a subfamily of snout moths (family Pyralidae). Even though the Pyralidae subfamilies are all quite diverse, Phycitinae stand out even by standards of their family: with over 600 genera considered valid and more than 4000 species placed here at present, they unite up more than three-quarters of living snout moth diversity. Together with the closely related Epipaschiinae, they are apparently the most advanced lineage of snout moths. Phycitinae occur all over earth's land masses, except in completely inhospitable areas; the majority of species has a tropical distribution however. Phycitinae have even been found on very remote oceanic islands, and a few species have been intentionally or unintentionally distributed by humans beyond their native range. The type species of this subfamily is '' Phycita roborella'', under its junior synonym ''Tinea spissicella''. That name was apparently first proposed by Johan Christian Fabricius in his 1776/1777 ''Genera insecto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Corn Borer
The European corn borer (''Ostrinia nubilalis''), also known as the European corn worm or European high-flyer, is a moth of the family Crambidae which includes other grass moths. It is a pest of grain, particularly maize (''Zea mays''). The insect is native to Europe, originally infesting varieties of millet, including broom corn. The European corn borer was first reported in North America in 1917 in Massachusetts, but was probably introduced from Europe several years earlier. Since its initial discovery in the Americas, the insect has spread into Canada and westward across the United States to the Rocky Mountains. The adult European corn borer is about long with a wingspan. The female is light yellowish brown with dark, irregular, wavy bands across the wings. The male is slightly smaller and darker. European corn borer caterpillars damage corn by chewing tunnels through many parts of the plant. This decreases agricultural yield. Geographic range The European corn borer i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilo (moth)
''Chilo'' is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. Some of these moths are called borers. Description The proboscis is absent. Palpi porrect (extended forward), clothes with rough hair, and extending from two and a half to three lengths of the head. Maxillary palp dilated with scales at extremity. Frons with a conical projection. Antennae minutely serrate and ciliated. Tibia with outer spurs about two-thirds length of inner. Forewings with the apex rectangular in male, typically acute and produced in female. Vein 3 from before angle of cell and veins 4 and 5 well separated at origin. Vein 7 straight and well separated from veins 8 and 9. Vein 10 free, whereas vein 11 curved and approximated to vein 12. Hindwings with vein 3 from near angle of cell. Veins 4 and 5 from angle and veins 6 and 7 from upper angle. Species * ''Chilo agamemnon'' Błeszyński, 1962 * '' Chilo aleniella'' (Strand, 1913) * ''Chilo argyrogramma'' Hampson, 1919 * '' Chilo argyropasta'' (Hampson, 1919) * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feces
Feces ( or faeces), known colloquially and in slang as poo and poop, are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the small intestine, and has been broken down by bacteria in the large intestine. Feces contain a relatively small amount of metabolic waste products such as bacterially altered bilirubin, and dead epithelial cells from the lining of the gut. Feces are discharged through the anus or cloaca during defecation. Feces can be used as fertilizer or soil conditioner in agriculture. They can also be burned as fuel or dried and used for construction. Some medicinal uses have been found. In the case of human feces, fecal transplants or fecal bacteriotherapy are in use. Urine and feces together are called excreta. Skatole is the principal compound responsible for the unpleasant smell of feces. Characteristics The distinctive odor of feces is due to skatole, and thiols (sulfur-containing compounds), as well as amines and carboxylic aci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrion
Carrion () is the decaying flesh of dead animals, including human flesh. Overview Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers) include crows, vultures, condors, hawks, eagles, hyenas, Virginia opossum, Tasmanian devils, coyotes and Komodo dragons. Many invertebrates, such as the carrion and burying beetles, as well as maggots of calliphorid flies (such as one of the most important species in '' Calliphora vomitoria'') and flesh-flies, also eat carrion, playing an important role in recycling nitrogen and carbon in animal remains. Carrion begins to decay at the moment of the animal's death, and it will increasingly attract insects and breed bacteria. Not long after the animal has died, its body will begin to exude a foul odor caused by the presence of bacteria and the emission of cadaverine and putrescine. Some plants and fungi smell like decomposing carrion and attract in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Detritus
In biology, detritus () is dead particulate organic material, as distinguished from dissolved organic material. Detritus typically includes the bodies or fragments of bodies of dead organisms, and fecal material. Detritus typically hosts communities of microorganisms that colonize and decompose (i.e. remineralize) it. In terrestrial ecosystems it is present as leaf litter and other organic matter that is intermixed with soil, which is denominated "soil organic matter". The detritus of aquatic ecosystems is organic material that is suspended in the water and accumulates in depositions on the floor of the body of water; when this floor is a seabed, such a deposition is denominated " marine snow". Theory The corpses of dead plants or animals, material derived from animal tissues (e.g. molted skin), and fecal matter gradually lose their form due to physical processes and the action of decomposers, including grazers, bacteria, and fungi. Decomposition, the process by whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acentropinae
Acentropinae is a fairly small subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. Species of this subfamily are exclusively found in wetlands and aquatic habitats. Systematics In modern treatments, the former subfamily Nymphulinae is mostly treated as a tribe within Acentropinae. There are about 730 species in 78 genera. Only 13 species in 6 genera are found in Europe. *'' Acentria'' Stephens, 1829 (= ''Acentropus'' J. Curtis, 1834; ''Setina'' Hübner, 1819; ''Zancle'' Stephens, 1833) *'' Agassiziella'' Yoshiyasu, 1989 (= ''Agassizia'' Yoshiyasu, 1987) *''Almonia'' Walker, 1866 *''Anydraula'' Meyrick, 1885 *''Araeomorpha'' Turner, 1908 (= ''Tholerastis'' Turner, 1915) *'' Argyractis'' Hampson, 1897 *'' Argyractoides'' Lange, 1956 *'' Argyrophorodes'' Marion, 1956 *'' Aulacodes'' Guenée, 1854 (= ''Hydrophysa'' Guenée, 1854) *'' Banepa'' Moore, 1888 *'' Brevicella'' Kenrick, 1912 *'' Callilitha'' Munroe, 1959 *'' Cataclysta'' Hübner, 1825 (= ''Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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