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Pusa 1121 Rice
Pusa Basmati 1121 is an independently derived Basmati rice variety, evolved through the process of Hybrid (biology), hybridization over a long Plant breeding, breeding process. This variety of basmati rice was developed by Padma Shri awardee Dr Vijaipal Singh at Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi. It was released for commercial cultivation in ''Kharif'' season of 2003 as Pusa 1121 (Pusa Sugandh 4). By 2007, the variety has become widely popular with farmers, and was renamed as Pusa Basmati 1121 in 2008. It holds the world record for highest kernel elongation on cooking. Breeding history During the 1990s Indian Agricultural Research Institute was actively pursuing the Basmati varietal development programme with several hybridisations under evaluation. One among these was a cross, Pusa 614 derived from several intermediate crosses made between Basmati 370 and Type 3, two traditional cultivars. With the objective of improving grain length and linear cooked kerne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintal
The quintal or centner is a historical unit of mass in many countries that is usually defined as 100 base units, such as pounds or kilograms. It is a traditional unit of weight in France, Portugal, and Spain and their former colonies. It is commonly used for grain prices in wholesale markets in Ethiopia, Eritrea and India, where 1 quintal = . In British English, it referred to the hundredweight; in American English, it formerly referred to an uncommon measurement of . Languages drawing its cognate name for the weight from Romance languages include French, Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish , Italian , Esperanto , Polish . Languages taking their cognates from Germanicized ''centner'' include the German , Lithuanian , Swedish , Polish , Russian and Ukrainian () and Estonian . Many European languages have come to translate both the British hundredweight (8 stone or ) and the American hundredweight (), as their cognate form of ''quintal'' or ''centner''. Name The concept has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imidazolidinone
Imidazolidinones are a class of 5-membered ring heterocycles structurally related to imidazolidine. Imidazolidinones feature a saturated C3N2 nucleus, except for the presence of a urea or amide functional group in the 2 or 4 positions. 2-Imidazolidinones The 2-imidazolidinones are cyclic derivatives of urea. 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone is a polar solvent and Lewis base. Drugs featuring this ring system include emicerfont, imidapril, and azlocillin. Dimethylol ethylene urea is the reagent used in permanent press clothing. 4-Imidazolidinones 4-Imidazolidinones can be prepared from phenylalanine in two chemical steps (amidation with methylamine followed by condensation reaction with acetone): Imidazolidinone catalyst work by forming an iminium ion with carbonyl groups of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes (enals) and enones in a rapid chemical equilibrium. This iminium activation lower the substrate's LUMO. Several 4-imidazolidinones have been investigated. Drugs featuring the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Seeded Rice
Direct seeded rice (DSR) is a practice of sowing paddy which involves planting rice seeds directly into the field, instead of the traditional method of growing seedlings in nurseries and then transplanting them into the fields. This method significantly reduces the demand for labor, one of the major costs associated with rice farming. By eliminating the need for transplanting, farmers can cut down on labor costs and effectively manage the workforce during peak periods. It also provides flexibility in timing the planting, helping farmers to adapt to changing climate conditions. Moreover, DSR offers water efficiency. Traditional rice farming involves flooding fields, which is water-intensive and often unsustainable. Direct seeding of rice, on the other hand, requires less water during the establishment period, making it an attractive solution in regions experiencing water scarcity. Reduced water usage in DSR systems can help lower methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas signifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnaporthe Grisea
''Magnaporthe grisea'', also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, Johnson spot, neck blast, wheat blast and , is a plant-pathogenic fungus and model organism that causes a serious disease affecting rice. It is now known that ''M. grisea'' consists of a cryptic species complex containing at least two biological species that have clear genetic differences and do not interbreed. Complex members isolated from '' Digitaria'' have been more narrowly defined as ''M. grisea''. The remaining members of the complex isolated from rice and a variety of other hosts have been renamed ''Magnaporthe oryzae'', within the same ''M. grisea'' complex. Confusion on which of these two names to use for the rice blast pathogen remains, as both are now used by different authors. Members of the ''M. grisea'' complex can also infect other agriculturally important cereals including ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Breeding
Molecular breeding is the application of molecular biology tools, often in plant breeding and animal breeding. In the broad sense, molecular breeding can be defined as the use of genetic manipulation performed at the level of DNA to improve traits of interest in plants and animals, and it may also include genetic engineering or gene manipulation, molecular marker-assisted selection, and genomic selection. More often, however, molecular breeding implies molecular marker-assisted breeding (MAB) and is defined as the application of molecular biotechnologies, specifically molecular markers, in combination with linkage maps and genomics, to alter and improve plant or animal traits on the basis of genotypic assays. The areas of molecular breeding include: * QTL mapping or gene discovery * Marker assisted selection and genomic selection * Genetic engineering * Genetic transformation Constituent methods Marker assisted breeding Methods in marker assisted breeding include: Genotyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marker-assisted Selection
Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection (MAS) is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker ( morphological, biochemical or DNA/RNA variation) linked to a trait of interest (e.g. productivity, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality), rather than on the trait itself.Ribaut, J.-M. et al., Genetic basis of physiological traits. In Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding, CIMMYT, Mexico, 2001.Ribaut, J.-M. and Hoisington, D. A., Marker assisted selection: new tools and strategies. Trends in Plant Science, 1998, 3, 236–239.Rosyara, U.R. 2006. REQUIREMENT OF ROBUST MOLECULAR MARKER TECHNOLOGY FOR PLANT BREEDING APPLICATIONS. Journal of Plant Breeding Group 1: 67 – 72click to download/ref> This process has been extensively researched and proposed for plant- and animal- breeding. For example, using MAS to select individuals with disease resistance involves identifying a marker allele that is linked with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blast Disease
''Magnaporthe grisea'', also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, Johnson spot, neck blast, wheat blast and , is a plant-pathogenic fungus and model organism that causes a serious disease affecting rice. It is now known that ''M. grisea'' consists of a cryptic species complex containing at least two biological species that have clear genetic differences and do not interbreed. Complex members isolated from ''Digitaria'' have been more narrowly defined as ''M. grisea''. The remaining members of the complex isolated from rice and a variety of other hosts have been renamed ''Magnaporthe oryzae'', within the same ''M. grisea'' complex. Confusion on which of these two names to use for the rice blast pathogen remains, as both are now used by different authors. Members of the ''M. grisea'' complex can also infect other agriculturally important cereals including wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthomonas Oryzae Pv
''Xanthomonas'' (from greek: ''xanthos'' – "yellow"; ''monas'' – "entity") is a genus of bacteria, many of which cause plant diseases. There are at least 27 plant associated ''Xanthomonas spp.'', that all together infect at least 400 plant species. Different species typically have specific host and/or tissue range and colonization strategies. Taxonomy The genus ''Xanthomonas'' has been subject of numerous taxonomic and phylogenetic studies and was first described as ''Bacterium vesicatorium'' as a pathogen of pepper and tomato in 1921. Dowson later reclassified the bacterium as ''Xanthomonas campestris'' and proposed the genus ''Xanthomonas''.''Xanthomonas'' was first described as a monotypic genus and further research resulted in the division into two groups, A and B. Later work using DNA:DNA hybridization has served as a framework for the general ''Xanthomonas'' species classification. Other tools, including multilocus sequence analysis and amplified fragment-length polymor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limca Book Of Records
The ''Limca Book of Records'' is an annual reference book published in India documenting world records held by Indians. The records are further categorised into education, literature, agriculture, medical science, business, sports, nature, adventure, radio and cinema. The ''Limca Book of Records'' is published in English and is a promotional tool of Limca, a soft drink brand, owned by the Coca Cola Company, it is a localised equivalent of the ''Guinness World Records''. History The ''Limca Book of Records'' was first published in 1990, when the Limca soft drink brand was owned by Parle Bisleri. It was started originally by Ramesh Chauhan, who sold it to The Coca-Cola Company in 1993. The book continued to be published by Coca-Cola. The ''Limca Book of Records'' is now published with the patronage of Coca-Cola India which manufactures Limca. Editions Its year 2006 edition was launched in New Delhi by Atul Singh, CEO of Coca-Cola India. On 25 September 2007, a special editi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amylose
Amylose is a polysaccharide made of α-D-glucose units, bonded to each other through α(1→4) glycosidic bonds. It is one of the two components of starch, making up approximately 20–25% of it. Because of its tightly packed Helix, helical structure, amylose is more resistant to digestion than other starch molecules and is therefore an important form of resistant starch. Structure Amylose is made up of α(1→4) bound glucose molecules. The carbon atoms on glucose are numbered, starting at the aldehyde (C=O) carbon, so, in amylose, the 1-carbon on one glucose molecule is linked to the 4-carbon on the next glucose molecule (α(1→4) bonds). The structural formula of amylose is pictured at right. The number of repeated glucose subunits (n) is usually in the range of 300 to 3000, but can be many thousands. There are three main forms of amylose chains can take. It can exist in a disordered amorphous conformation, found both in starch granules and in hydrated amylose (when starch i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
