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Propalaehoplophorini
Glyptodonts are an extinct clade of large, heavily armoured armadillos, reaching up to in height, and maximum body masses of around 2 tonnes. They had short, deep skulls, a fused vertebral column, and a large bony carapace made up of hundreds of individual scutes. Some glyptodonts had clubbed tails, similar to ankylosaurid dinosaurs. The earliest widely recognised fossils of glyptodonts in South America are known from the late Eocene, around 38 million years ago, and they spread to southern North America after the continents became connected around 2.7 million years ago. The best-known genus within the group is ''Glyptodon.'' Glyptodonts were historically considered to constitute the distinct family Glyptodontidae, with their relationships to modern armadillos being contested. In 2016, an analysis of the mitochondrial genome of ''Doedicurus'' found that it was, in fact, nested within the modern armadillos as the sister group of a clade consisting of Chlamyphorinae (fairy armad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eucinepeltus
''Eucinepeltus'' (also often called, historically, ''Encinepeltus'') is an extinct genus of glyptodont. It lived during the Early Miocene, and its fossilized remains were discovered in South America. Description Like all glyptodonts, this genus was characterized by its dorsal armor composed of numerous osteoderms fused together. ''Eucinepeltus'' was larger than other basal glyptodonts such as '' Propalaehoplophorus'', with a skull reaching 20 centimeters in length, and wider than most of its relative species. The cephalic shield was composed of 11-15 large welded bony plates, presenting a central convexity often perforated. The skull was depressed and presented a rather elongated muzzle. The dental characteristics of ''Eucinepeltus'' includes lower molars increasing in size from the first to the fifth molar ; a first and second lower molars elliptical, convex in the internal side and with a large notch and a corresponding perpendicular groove in the back ; bilobed third and fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants of an ancestral taxon are grouped together (i.e. Phylogeneti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaehoplophorus
''Palaehoplophorus'' (also spelled, historically, ''Palaeohoplophorus'') is an extinct genus of glyptodont. It lived from the Middle to the Late Miocene, and its fossilized remains were discovered in South America. Description This animal, like all glyptodonts, had a thick carapace, composed of numerous osteoderm fused together, covering a large part of its body. The plates of its carapace bore a medium-sized, depressed central figure, surrounded by a wrinkled peripheral zone, divided by barely defined furrows and irregular tubercles. Large perforations opened in the furrows around the central figure and between the peripheral figures. The tail was protected by a series of mobile osteoderm rings, presenting a similar ornamentation, and by a terminal straight and cylindrical "tube", formed by contiguous, rounded osteoderms, separated by deep grooves with large perforations, similar to those of the carapace. The terminal and lateral osteoderms were almost identical to each other. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuryurus
''Neuryurus'' is an extinct genus of glyptodont. It lived from the Late Pliocene to the Early Holocene, and its fossilized remains were discovered in South America. Description This genus, like all glyptodonts, had a heavy armor formed by osteoderms fused together, protecting most of its body. ''Neuryurus'' was large-sized, reaching three meters in length. The carapace resembled that of other glyptodonts such as ''Trachycalyptus'', with thick and rectangular-shaped osteoderms, loosely fused by a serrated suture. The outer surface of those osteoderms was evenly dotted. The tail was protected by a caudal tube ; this structure, in ''Neuryurus'', was depressed, not consolidated and mostly formed by osteoderms similar to each others. The lateral osteoderms had large elliptical structures, with a central conical prominence, reminding those of ''Hoplophorus'' and ''Panochthus''. Some marginal plates had an elevated and conical central area. The cephalic shield resembled that of ''Panoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neosclerocalyptus
''Neosclerocalyptus'' is an extinct genus of glyptodont that lived during the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene of Southern South America, mostly Argentina. It was small compared to many glyptodonts at only around 2 meters long and 360 kilograms. Etymology The genus name ''Neosclerocalyptus'' is a modification of the name of its synonym, ''Sclerocalyptus'', and derived from the Greek roots ''neo-'' meaning "young" or "new", ''scleros'' meaning "hard", and -''calyptos'' meaning "covering", referring to the armored carapace of the animal. The type species, ''N. ornatus'', specific name meaning is "adorned" after the patterns on the holotype osteoderms. History and taxonomy Fossils of ''Neosclerocalyptus'' were first collected by a "Sir Woodbine Parish, KH" from the Pleistocene strata near the Matanzas River in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, but where later sent to the Royal College of Surgeons in the UK, where they were later described by paleontologist Sir Richard Owen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lomaphorus
''Lomaphorus'' is a possibly dubious extinct genus of glyptodont that lived during the Pleistocene in eastern Argentina. Although many species have been referred, the genus itself is possibly dubious or synonymous with other glyptodonts like '' Neoslerocalyptus'' from the same region. Etymology The genus name ''Lomaphorus'' is derived from the Greek roots ''loma-'' meaning "fringe" and ''-phorus'' meaning "bearing" after the striated anatomy of the dermal armor of ''L. imperfectus''.Ameghino, F. (1889). ''Contribucion al conocimiento de los mamiferos fosiles de la República Argentina: Obra escrita bajo los auspicios de la Academia nacional de ciencias de la República Argentina para ser presentada á la Exposicion universal de Paris de 1889'' (Vol. 6). PE Coni é hijos. In 1935, a Trematode was named ''Lomaphorus'' unwittingly, but it has since been moved to a new genus name, ''Lomasoma.'' Taxonomy The first fossils referred to ''Lomaphorus'' were described as early as 1857 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelenkura
''Kelenkura'' is an extinct genus of heavily armored mammals belonging to the subfamily Glyptodontinae, from the family Chlamyphoridae that contain most of the modern armadillos. It was a medium-sized South American animal, distantly related to ''Doedicurus''. Fossils of this genus were recovered in the Arroyo Chasicó Formation and in the Loma de Las Tapias Formation of Argentina in rocks dating back to the Late Miocene epoch. Discovery and etymology The presence of glyptodonts in the Arroyo Chasicó Formation was known from fragmentary remains since 1926. In 2005, a new, more complete specimen was unearthed from a river bed in the formation. Alfredo E. Zurita and Silvia A. Aramayo described it in 2007 as PV-UNS-260, a well preserved skeleton from the Arroyo Chasicó including a partially complete skull and carapace, a complete right femur, several caudal rings and a complete caudal tube, alongside several limb bones and isolated osteoderms. They assigned the skeleton to the al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoplophorus
''Hoplophorus'' is an extinct genus of glyptodont, a subfamily of armadillos . The only confidently known species was ''H. euphractus'', found in Pleistocene deposits in Brazil, though fossils possibly from another species are known from Bolivia. History and taxonomy ''Hoplophorus euphractus'' was first described in 1837 by Danish paleontologist Peter Wilhelm Lund on the basis of fossilized osteoderms and carapace fragments unearthed in the Upper Pleistocene cave deposits in Lagoa Santa, Minas Gérais, Brazil.Lund, P. W. (1837). ''Blik paa Brasiliens dyreverden foÈr sidste jordomvaeltning''. Popp. This was one of the first glyptodonts to be described. Lund attributed many other fossils to the species over several years, including limb bones, teeth, vertebrae, foot remains, and an incomplete skull. Lund later erected 3 more ''Hoplophorus'' species based on the fossils from Lago Santa: ''H. selloi, H. minor,'' & ''H. meyeri.'' All three didn’t receive proper descriptions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glyptotherium
''Glyptotherium'' (from Ancient Greek for 'grooved or carved beast') is a genus of glyptodont (an extinct group of large, herbivorous armadillos) in the family Chlamyphoridae that lived from the Early Pliocene, about 5 million years ago, to the Late Pleistocene, around 15,000 years ago. It was widely distributed, living in the United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, and Brazil. Fossils that had been found in the Pliocene Blancan Beds in Llano Estacado, Texas were named ''Glyptotherium texanum'' by American paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1903. Another species, ''G. cylindricum'', was named in 1912 by fossil hunter Barnum Brown on the basis of a partial skeleton that had been unearthed from the Pleistocene deposits in Jalisco, Mexico. The two species differ in several aspects, including age: ''G. texanum'' is from the older Early Pliocene to Early Pleistocene strata, whereas ''G. cylindricum'' is exclusive to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
