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Hoplophorus
''Hoplophorus'' is an extinct genus of glyptodont, a subfamily of armadillos . The only confidently known species was ''H. euphractus'', found in Pleistocene deposits in Brazil, though fossils possibly from another species are known from Bolivia. History and taxonomy ''Hoplophorus euphractus'' was first described in 1837 by Danish paleontologist Peter Wilhelm Lund on the basis of fossilized osteoderms and carapace fragments unearthed in the Upper Pleistocene cave deposits in Lagoa Santa, Minas Gérais, Brazil.Lund, P. W. (1837). ''Blik paa Brasiliens dyreverden foÈr sidste jordomvaeltning''. Popp. This was one of the first glyptodonts to be described. Lund attributed many other fossils to the species over several years, including limb bones, teeth, vertebrae, foot remains, and an incomplete skull. Lund later erected 3 more ''Hoplophorus'' species based on the fossils from Lago Santa: ''H. selloi, H. minor,'' & ''H. meyeri.'' All three didn’t receive proper descriptions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neosclerocalyptus
''Neosclerocalyptus'' is an extinct genus of glyptodont that lived during the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene of Southern South America, mostly Argentina. It was small compared to many glyptodonts at only around 2 meters long and 360 kilograms. Etymology The genus name ''Neosclerocalyptus'' is a modification of the name of its synonym, ''Sclerocalyptus'', and derived from the Greek roots ''neo-'' meaning "young" or "new", ''scleros'' meaning "hard", and -''calyptos'' meaning "covering", referring to the armored carapace of the animal. The type species, ''N. ornatus'', specific name meaning is "adorned" after the patterns on the holotype osteoderms. History and taxonomy Fossils of ''Neosclerocalyptus'' were first collected by a "Sir Woodbine Parish, KH" from the Pleistocene strata near the Matanzas River in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, but where later sent to the Royal College of Surgeons in the UK, where they were later described by paleontologist Sir Richard Owen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glyptodon
''Glyptodon'' (; ) is a genus of glyptodont, an extinct group of large, herbivorous armadillos, that lived from the Pliocene, around 3.2 million years ago, to the early Holocene, around 11,000 years ago, in South America. It is one of, if not the, best known genus of glyptodont. ''Glyptodon'' has a long and storied past, being the first named extinct cingulate and the type genus of the subfamily Glyptodontinae. Fossils of ''Glyptodon'' have been recorded as early as 1814 from Pleistocene aged deposits from Uruguay, though many were incorrectly referred to the ground sloth ''Megatherium'' by early paleontologists. The type species, ''G. clavipes'', was described in 1839 by notable British paleontologist Sir Richard Owen. Later in the 19th century, dozens of complete skeletons were unearthed from localities and described by paleontologists such as Florentino Ameghino and Hermann Burmeister. During this era, many species of ''Glyptodon'' were dubbed, some of them based on fragmenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panochthus
''Panochthus'' is an extinct genus of glyptodont, which lived in the Gran Chaco- Pampean region of Argentina ( Lujan, Yupoí and Agua Blanca Formations), Brazil ( Jandaíra Formation), Bolivia (Tarija and Ñuapua Formations), Paraguay and Uruguay (Sopas and Dolores Formations) during the Pleistocene epoch.''Panochthus'' at .org The first specimen of ''Panochthus'' consisted of two carapace (shell) fragments, now lost, recovered from Buenos Aires. In 1845, the fragments were referred by to the genus '' |
Doedicurus
''Doedicurus'', from Ancient Greek δοῖδυξ (''doîdux''), meaning "pestle" and oυρά (''ourá''), meaning "tail", is an extinct genus of glyptodont from South America containing one species, ''D. clavicaudatus''. Glyptodonts are a member of the family Chlamyphoridae, which also includes some modern armadillo species, and they are classified in the superorder Xenarthra alongside sloths and anteaters. Being a glyptodont, it was a rotund animal with heavy armor and a carapace. Averaging at an approximate , it was one of the largest glyptodonts to have ever lived. Though glyptodonts were quadrupeds, large ones like ''Doedicurus'' may have been able to stand on two legs like other xenarthrans. It notably sported a spiked tail club, which may have weighed in life, and it may have swung this in defense against predators or in fights with other ''Doedicurus'' at speeds of perhaps . ''Doedicurus'' was likely a grazer, but its teeth and mouth, like those of other glyptodonts, see ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glyptodontidae
Glyptodonts are an extinct clade of large, heavily armoured armadillos, reaching up to in height, and maximum body masses of around 2 tonnes. They had short, deep skulls, a fused vertebral column, and a large bony carapace made up of hundreds of individual scutes. Some glyptodonts had clubbed tails, similar to ankylosaurid dinosaurs. The earliest widely recognised fossils of glyptodonts in South America are known from the late Eocene, around 38 million years ago, and they spread to southern North America after the continents became connected around 2.7 million years ago. The best-known genus within the group is '' Glyptodon.'' Glyptodonts were historically considered to constitute the distinct family Glyptodontidae, with their relationships to modern armadillos being contested. In 2016, an analysis of the mitochondrial genome of '' Doedicurus'' found that it was, in fact, nested within the modern armadillos as the sister group of a clade consisting of Chlamyphorinae (fairy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaehoplophorus
''Palaehoplophorus'' (also spelled, historically, ''Palaeohoplophorus'') is an extinct genus of glyptodont. It lived from the Middle to the Late Miocene, and its fossilized remains were discovered in South America. Description This animal, like all glyptodonts, had a thick carapace, composed of numerous osteoderm fused together, covering a large part of its body. The plates of its carapace bore a medium-sized, depressed central figure, surrounded by a wrinkled peripheral zone, divided by barely defined furrows and irregular tubercles. Large perforations opened in the furrows around the central figure and between the peripheral figures. The tail was protected by a series of mobile osteoderm rings, presenting a similar ornamentation, and by a terminal straight and cylindrical "tube", formed by contiguous, rounded osteoderms, separated by deep grooves with large perforations, similar to those of the carapace. The terminal and lateral osteoderms were almost identical to each other. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propalaehoplophorus
''Propalaehoplophorus'', also written as ''Propalaeohoplophorus'', is an extinct genus of glyptodont, which lived in South America during the Early Miocene epoch. Description This animal was to be very similar to the subsequent glyptodonts of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, such as ''Glyptodon'' and ''Panochthus'', but was much smaller. The total body length of the animal was just under a meter, and the highest point of the carapace was around 50 centimeters high. Carapace The dorsal armor was made up of transversal plaques files but were still present, along the lateral and front margins, two or three rows of osteoderms that indicate slight flexibility. The ornamentation of the plates consisted in a large central -oval figure, surrounded by a row of polygonal peripheral figures. The carapace was short and convex, with 19–20 transverse osteoderms on the midline, which became 27 on the side edges due to two bifurcations. The plates are equipped with clear but shallow furrows, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plohophorus
''Plohophorus'' is an extinct genus of glyptodont. it lived from the Late Miocene to the Late Pliocene, and its fossilized remains were discovered in South America. Description Like all glyptodonts, this animal had a large carapace formed by numerous osteoderms fused together, covering most of its body. ''Plohophorus'' shared similarities with another Miocene glyptodont, ''Phlyctaenopyga'', especially in its rather broad and low skull. The ornamentation of the caudal tube, protecting the tail, was more simplified; the peripheral figures were partially regressed and marked in the distal part; the central oval-shaped figures were contiguous to each other and only left space for small triangular areas between each other. Classification The genus ''Plohophorus'' was first described in 1887 by Florentino Ameghino, based on fossil remains found in Upper Miocene terrains of Argentina. The type species is ''Plohophorus figuratus''; several other species from the Late Miocene and the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pampas
The Pampas (; from Quechua 'plain'), also known as the Pampas Plain, are fertile South American low grasslands that cover more than and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazil's southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul. The vast plains are a natural region, interrupted only by the low Ventana and Tandil hills, near Bahía Blanca and Tandil (Argentina), with a height of and , respectively. This ecoregion has been changed by humans, especially since the release of animals like cattle, pigs, and especially sheep onto these plains. The climate is temperate, with precipitation of that is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year, making the soils appropriate for agriculture. The area is also one of the distinct physiography provinces of the larger Paraná–Paraguay plain division. It is considered that the limit of the Pampas plain is to the north with the Atlantic Forest and the G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navicular Bone
The navicular bone is a small bone found in the feet of most mammals. Human anatomy The navicular bone in humans is one of the tarsus (skeleton), tarsal bones, found in the foot. Its name derives from the human bone's resemblance to a small boat, caused by the strongly concave Anatomical terms of location#Proximal and distal, proximal joint, articular surface. The term ''navicular bone'' or ''hand navicular bone'' was formerly used for the scaphoid bone, one of the Carpal bones, carpal bones of the wrist. The navicular bone in humans is located on the Anatomical terms of location#Relative directions, medial side of the foot, and articulates proximally with the Talus bone, talus, Anatomical terms of location#Relative directions, distally with the three cuneiform bones, and Anatomical terms of location#Relative directions, laterally with the Cuboid bone, cuboid. It is the last of the foot bones to start ossification and does not tend to do so until the end of the third year in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pernambuco
Pernambuco ( , , ) is a States of Brazil, state of Brazil located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.5 million people as of 2024, it is the List of Brazilian states by population, seventh-most populous state of Brazil and with around 98,067.877 km2, it is the List of Brazilian states by area, 19th-largest in area among federative units of the country. It is also the sixth-most densely populated with around 92.37 people per km2. Its capital and largest city, Recife, is one of the most important economic and urban hubs in the country. Based on 2019 estimates, the Recife metropolitan area, Recife Metropolitan Region is seventh-most populous in the country, and the second-largest in Northeast Region, Brazil, northeastern Brazil. In 2015, the state had 4.4% of the national population and produced 2.8% of the national gross domestic product (GDP). The contemporary state inherits its name from the Captaincy of Pernambuco, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
