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Privacy Law
Privacy law is a set of regulations that govern the collection, storage, and utilization of personal information from healthcare, governments, companies, public or private entities, or individuals. Privacy laws are examined in relation to an individual's entitlement to privacy or their reasonable expectations of privacy. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights asserts that every person possesses the right to privacy. However, the understanding and application of these rights differ among nations and are not consistently uniform. Throughout history, privacy laws have evolved to address emerging challenges, with significant milestones including the Privacy Act of 1974 in the U.S. and the European Union's Data Protection Directive of 1995. Today, international standards like the GDPR set global benchmarks, while sector-specific regulations like HIPAA and COPPA complement state-level laws in the U.S. In Canada, PIPEDA governs privacy, with recent case law shaping privacy rights. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universal Declaration Of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the Human rights, rights and freedoms of all human beings. Drafted by a UN Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, committee chaired by Eleanor Roosevelt, it was accepted by the General Assembly as United Nations General Assembly Resolution 217, Resolution 217 during Third session of the United Nations General Assembly, its third session on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France. Of the 58 members of the United Nations at the time, 48 voted in favour, none against, eight abstentions, abstained, and two did not vote. A foundational text in the History of human rights, history of human and civil rights, the Declaration consists of 30 articles detailing an individual's "basic rights and fundamental freedoms" and affirming their universal character as inherent, inalienable, and applicable to all human beings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privacy Act 1988
The ''Privacy Act 1988'' is an Australian law dealing with privacy. Section 14 of the Act stipulates a number of privacy rights known as the Australian Privacy Principles (APPs). These principles apply to Australian Government and Australian Capital Territory agencies or private sector organizations contracted to these governments, organizations and small businesses who provide a health service, as well as to private organizations with an annual turnover exceeding AUD$3M (with some specific exceptions). The principles govern when and how personal information can be collected by these entities. Information can only be collected if it is relevant to the agencies' functions. Upon this collection, that law mandates that Australians have the right to know why information about them is being acquired and who will see the information. Those in charge of storing the information have obligations to ensure such information is neither lost nor exploited. An Australian will also have the ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cybersecurity Law Of The People's Republic Of China
Computer security (also cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology (IT) security) is a subdiscipline within the field of information security. It consists of the protection of computer software, systems and computer network, networks from Threat (security), threats that can lead to unauthorized information disclosure, theft or damage to computer hardware, hardware, software, or Data (computing), data, as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the Service (economics), services they provide. The significance of the field stems from the expanded reliance on computer systems, the Internet, and wireless network standards. Its importance is further amplified by the growth of smart devices, including smartphones, televisions, and the various devices that constitute the Internet of things (IoT). Cybersecurity has emerged as one of the most significant new challenges facing the contemporary world, due to both the complexity of information systems and the societi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Security Law Of The People's Republic Of China
The National Security Law of the People's Republic of China (), which was issued on July 1, 2015, is part of a series of laws implemented under Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping's administration as part of efforts to strengthen national security. In July 2020, a similar law, the Hong Kong national security law, took effect. - The introductory content is in English with the bulk of the content in Chinese. History The law was enacted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on July 1, 2015, and implemented on the same date. The law is part of a series of laws implemented under Chinese Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping's administration as part of efforts to strengthen national security. After its passage, Alan Leong, a pro-democracy lawmaker in Hong Kong, told the broadcaster RTHK that the law "can be considered as giving pressure to Hong Kong" to enact its own security law. Content In Article 2, the National Security Law sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Imposed Fines
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a European Union regulation that specifies standards for data protection and electronic privacy in the European Economic Area The European Economic Area (EEA) was established via the ''Agreement on the European Economic Area'', an international agreement which enables the extension of the European Union's single market to member states of the European Free Trade Asso ..., and the rights of European citizens to control the processing and distribution of personally-identifiable information. Violators of GDPR may be fined up to €20 million, or up to 4% of the annual worldwide turnover of the preceding financial year, whichever is greater. The following is a list of fines and notices issued under the GDPR, including reasoning. Fines and notices References {{reflist External links European Data Protection Board Privacy law Law enforcement Crime in the European Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PIPEDA
The ''Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act'' (PIPEDA; ) is a Canadian law relating to data privacy. It governs how private sector organizations collect, use and disclose personal information in the course of commercial business. In addition, the ''Act'' contains various provisions to facilitate the use of electronic documents. PIPEDA became law on 13 April 2000 to promote consumer trust in electronic commerce. The act was also intended to reassure the European Union that the Canadian privacy law was adequate to protect the personal information of European citizens. In accordance with section 29 of PIPEDA, Part I of the ''Act'' ("Protection of Personal Information in the Private Sector") must be reviewed by Parliament every five years. The first Parliamentary review occurred in 2007. PIPEDA incorporates and makes mandatory provisions of the Canadian Standards Association's Model Code for the Protection of Personal Information, developed in 1995. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canada's Supreme Court
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's second-largest country by total area, with the world's longest coastline. Its border with the United States is the world's longest international land border. The country is characterized by a wide range of both meteorologic and geological regions. With a population of over 41million people, it has widely varying population densities, with the majority residing in urban areas and large areas of the country being sparsely populated. Canada's capital is Ottawa and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. Beginning in the 16th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various armed conflict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Information And Protection Of Privacy Act (Ontario)
The ''Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act'' (, R.S.O. 1990, c. F.31) (commonly abbreviated FIPPA) (the Act) is an Act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The Act legislates access to information held by public institutions in Ontario subject to specific requirements to safeguard the personal information of individuals. History In 1977, the Williams Commission was convened with a mandate from Ontario's Attorney General to report on public information policies of the Government of Ontario. The Commission presented recommendations to the provincial legislature in August, 1980. After the long-standing Progressive Conservative government was defeated in 1985, the Liberal party established a minority government with the support of the New Democratic Party (NDP). One of the conditions for the NDP's support was passage of Bill 34, legislation which would establish new freedom of information and privacy protection law, and which relied on the recommendations of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privacy Act (Canada)
The ''Privacy Act'' () is the federal information-privacy legislation of Canada that came into effect on July 1, 1983. Administered by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, the Act sets out rules for how institutions of the Government of Canada collect, use, disclose, retain, and dispose of personal information of individuals. The Act does not apply to political parties, political representatives (i.e., members of Parliament and senators), courts, and private sector organizations. All provinces and territories have their own laws governing their public sectors. Overview Some salient provisions of the legislation are as follows: * A government institution may not collect personal information unless it relates directly to an operating program or activity of the institution (section 4). * With some exceptions, when a government institution collects an individual's personal information from the individual, it must inform the individual of the purpose for which the informatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronaldo Lemos
Ronaldo Lemos (Araguari, born March 25, 1976) is a Brazilian academic, lawyer and commentator on intellectual property, technology, and culture. Lemos is the director of the Institute for Technology & Society of Rio de Janeiro (ITSrio.org), and professor at the Rio de Janeiro State University's Law School. He is also a partner with the law firm Rennó Penteado Advogados and a board member of various organizations, including the Mozilla Foundation, Accessnow.org, and Stellar (payment network), Stellar. He was nominated a visiting professor of law, Technology and Policy at Columbia University's School of International Public Affairs in 2017 and 2018. He was appointed as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum in 2015. He was appointed in November 2015 as a fellow by Ashoka, a civil society organization founded by Bill Drayton. In May 2020 Lemos joined the first cohort of members of the Facebook content oversight board, Facebook Oversight Board. Lemos was one of the crea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Civil Rights Framework For The Internet
Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet (in Portuguese: Marco Civil da Internet, officially (Federal) Law No 12.965/2014) is the law that governs the use of the Internet in Brazil and sets out guidelines for state action and rights and duties for users and operators. The bill was approved by the Brazilian Congress Câmara dos Deputados on March 25, 2014 and was submitted to the Senado Federal. The Marco Civil was approved by the Brazilian Senate on April 22, 2014 and signed into law by president Dilma Rousseff on April 23, 2014, at the Global Multistakeholder Meeting on the Future of Internet Governance. History The project was created in partnership between the Ministry of Justice and the Center for Technology and Society of the Law School at the Fundação Getúlio Vargas, at the time directed by professor Ronaldo Lemos. Both institutions launched on October 29, 2009 the first draft phase of a collaborative process to build the draft for the Marco Civil. The Marco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Personal Data Protection Law
The General Personal Data Protection Law (, or LGPD; Lei 13709/2018), is a statutory law on data protection and privacy in the Federative Republic of Brazil. The law's primary aim is to unify 40 different Brazilian laws that regulate the processing of personal data. The LGPD contains provisions and requirements related to the processing of personal data of individuals, where the data is of individuals located in Brazil, where the data is collected or processed in Brazil, or where the data is used to offer goods or services to individuals in Brazil. The LGPD became law on September 18, 2020, but its enforceability was backdated August 16, 2020. Sanctions under the regulation will only be applied from August 1, 2021. The national data protection authority responsible for enforcement of the LGPD is the , or ANPD. Contents The LGPD contains sixty-five articles and defines new legal concepts in Brazilian law, such as ''personal data'' and ''sensitive personal data''. The law sets ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
