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Prince Prosh
Prosh Khaghbakian (; ), also known as Hasan Prosh, was an Armenian prince who was a vassal of the Zakarid princes of Armenia. He was a member of the Khaghbakian dynasty, which is also known as the Proshian dynasty after him. He was the supreme commander (''sparapet'') of the Zakarid army from 1223 to 1284, succeeding his father Vasak. He was one of the main Greater Armenian lords to execute the alliance between his suzerain the Georgian king David Ulu and the Mongol Prince Hulagu, during the Mongol conquest of Middle East (1258–1260). Background Prosh was the junior son of Prince Vasak Khaghbakian and his wife Mama. He had two brothers named Papak and Mkdem. The Khaghbakians were originally a noble house in the region of Khachen. Vasak and his sons came to prominence in the Georgian-Armenian wars against the Seljuks. In 1201–1203, they received new hereditary holdings around Garni and in Vayots Dzor from the Zakarid princes of Armenia and were appointed governors of the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zakare III Zakarian
Zakare III Zakarian (; ka, ზაქარია III მხარგრძელი, tr) (died 1261 AD) was a 13th century Armenian noble and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the position of ''amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) for the Georgian army. Family He was a son of the noble Shahnshah Zakarian, and a member of the Zakarid dynasty. He was married to the daughter of Sargis I Jaqeli, duke of Samtskhe. He was one of the main Greater Armenian lords to implement the alliance between his suzerain the Georgian King David VII and the Mongol Prince Hulegu, during the Mongol conquest of the Middle East (1258-1260). Others included the Georgian leader Hasan Brosh, Prince of Kakheti and son of Vasak Xaxbakean, and Sevadin, son of Grigor Xachenac'i. Biography King David VII made Zakare, son of Shahnshah Zakarian, an escort for his journey to Karakorum, where Zakare attended on an official recognition of David by Güyük Khan. According to the 13th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David VII Of Georgia
David VII, also known as David Ulu ( ka, დავით VII ულუ, "David the Senior" in the Mongol language) (1215–1270), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was king ('' mepe'') of Georgia from 1245 to 1270. He first ruled Georgia jointly with his namesake cousin, David VI, from 1246 to 1259. From 1259, David VI, revolting from the Mongol hegemony, seceded in the western half of the kingdom and formed the Kingdom of Western Georgia, while David VII was left to rule a reduced Kingdom of Georgia (1256–1329) in the region of eastern Georgia under Mongol control. Early life David was the morganatic son of the Georgian King George IV and a woman of non-noble origin. Because of this, he was considered an illegitimate son in the circles of the Georgian nobility, so his father was succeeded by his sister Rusudan upon his death in 1223. Since Georgia became a Mongol vassal in 1236 and no longer depended so much on the will of the local nobility, Rusudan, fearing that he would wan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohemond VI Of Antioch
Bohemond VI (–1275), also known as the Fair, was the prince of Antioch and count of Tripoli from 1251 until his death. He ruled while Antioch was caught between the warring Mongol Empire and Mamluk Sultanate. He allied with the Mongols against the Muslim Mamluks and his Crusaders fought alongside the Mongols in their battles against the Mamluks. The Mamluks would achieve a historic victory against the Mongols and halt their advance westwards at the Battle of Ain Jalut. In 1268 Antioch was captured by the Mamluks under Baybars, and he was thenceforth a prince in exile. He was succeeded by his son, Bohemond VII. Life Bohemond VI was the son of Bohemond V of Antioch and Lucienne of Segni, great-niece of Pope Innocent III. When Bohemond V died in January 1252, 15-year-old Bohemond VI succeeded under the regency of his mother. However, Lucienne never left Tripoli, and instead handed over the government of the principality to her relatives. This made her unpopular, so th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Kingdom Of Cilicia
The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, also known as Cilician Armenia, Lesser Armenia, Little Armenia or New Armenia, and formerly known as the Armenian Principality of Cilicia, was an Armenian state formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian refugees fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia., pp. 630–631. Located outside the Armenian Highlands and distinct from the Kingdom of Armenia of antiquity, it was centered in the Cilicia region northwest of the Gulf of Alexandretta. The kingdom had its origins in the principality founded by the Rubenid dynasty, an alleged offshoot of the larger Bagratuni dynasty, which at various times had held the throne of Armenia. Their capital was originally at Tarsus, and later moved to Sis. Cilicia was a strong ally of the European Crusaders, and saw itself as a bastion of Christendom in the East. It also served as a focal point for Armenian cultural production, since Armenia proper was under foreign occupation at the time. Cilicia's si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hethum I
Hethum I (Armenian: Հեթում Ա; 1213 – 21 October 1270) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270. He was the son of Constantine of Baberon (d. 1263) and Princess Alix Pahlavouni of Lampron (a third-cousin of Leo I) and was the founder of the dynasty which bears his name: the Hethumids also known as the House of Lampron. Having accepted the suzerainty of the Mongol Empire, Hethum himself traveled to the Mongol court in Karakorum, Mongolia, a famous account of which is given by Hethum's companion, the historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi, in his ''History of Armenia''. He allied with the Mongols to fight against the Muslim Mamluks and also encouraged other Crusader states to do the same. Family Hethum's father Constantine had been regent for the young Isabella, Queen of Armenia. Isabella originally married Philip (1222–1225), son of Bohemond IV of Antioch. However, Constantine had Philip disposed of, and instead forced Isabella t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haghpat Monastery
Haghpat Monastery, also known as Haghpatavank (), is a medieval Armenian monastery complex in Haghpat, Armenia, built between the 10th and 13th century. Location The location of Haghpat Monastery was chosen so that it overlooks the Debed River in northern Armenia's Lori region. It was built partway up a hillside on a site chosen to afford protection and concealment, but also because of the monks' monastic humility. It is built on a leafy promontory in the middle of a cloudy cirque. The monastery is not isolated and is surrounded by many hamlets. History and description The monastery was founded by Queen Khosrovanuysh, wife of the Bagratid king Ashot III, probably in 976. The nearby monastery at Sanahin was built around the same time. Cathedral of Surb Nshan The largest church in the complex, the Cathedral of Surb Nshan, was probably begun in 967–976 by Queen Khosrovanuysh, wife of Ashot III, and completed in 991 by King Smbat. It is a typical example of tenth-century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Kamil Muhammad
'Al-Malik al-Kamil Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar Ghazi ibn al-Adil Abu Bakr was the son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi and the last Ayyubid emir (prince) of Mayyafariqin (1247–1260). He is also known as Al Kamil Muhammad II to distinguish from his uncle Al Kamil Muhammad I. Al Kamil inherited his throne at a time when the Ayyubid Emirate of Mayyafariqin was in great danger from the Mongols. Because of its location, it was doubly at risk. To the north, the Golden Horde under Batu Khan had expanded through the Caucasus and might thrust south; to the south and east, Hulagu Khan threatened to overrun Iraq and push north. Much of Al Kamil's reign was therefore occupied with diplomatic efforts to preserve his autonomy and he sent various embassies to the Mongols to try to negotiate this. In 1252 (650) Bayju Khan, governor of Azerbaijan and Armenia for the Golden Horde, suddenly appeared before Mayafariqin and demanded its surrender. Al Kamil Muhammad had managed to get out of the city wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayyubid
The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni Muslim of Kurds, Kurdish origin, Saladin had originally served the Zengid dynasty, Zengid ruler Nur al-Din Zengi, Nur al-Din, leading the latter's army against the Crusader invasions of Egypt, Crusaders in Fatimid Egypt, where he was made vizier (Fatimid Caliphate), vizier. Following Nur al-Din's death, Saladin was proclaimed as the first Sultan of Egypt by the Abbasid Caliphate, and rapidly expanded the new sultanate beyond Lower Egypt, Egypt to encompass most of Syria (region), Syria, in addition to Hijaz, Southern Arabia, Yemen, northern Nubia, Tripolitania and Upper Mesopotamia. Saladin's military campaigns set the general borders and sphere of influence of the sultanate of Egypt for the almost 350 years of its existence. Mos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Mayyafariqin
The siege of Mayyafariqin in 1259–1260 was a Mongol siege against the last Ayyubid ruler Al-Kamil Muhammad in his city of Mayyāfāriqīn (modern Silvan, Diyarbakır). The siege of Mayyāfāriqīn closely followed the 1258 siege of Baghdad and marked the beginning of the Mongol campaigns in Syria. In spring 1259, the Armenian Prince Prosh Khaghbakian, together with his Armenian Zakarid suzerain Shahnshah, led a large force of Georgians and Armenians to support a much smaller force of Mongol troops of Hulegu headed by his son Yoshmut in the siege of Mayyāfāriqīn (Diyarbakır), which was defended by its last Ayyubid ruler Al-Kamil Muhammad. Military units of Cilician Armenia also participated, and would soon after participate to the Mongol siege of Damascus (1260) as well. The son and successor of the Turkic Zengid ruler Badr al-Din Lu'lu', named Isma'il ibn Lu'lu' (1259–1262), continued in his father's steps and also supported the Mongol troops of Hulagu in the sie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulegu
Hulegu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulagu; ; ; ; ( 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia. As a son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Ariq Böke, Möngke Khan, and Kublai Khan. Hulegu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate in Persia. Under Hulegu's leadership, the Mongols sacked and destroyed Baghdad, ending the Islamic Golden Age and the Abbasid dynasty. They also weakened Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo. Background Hulegu was born to Tolui, one of Genghis Khan's sons, and Sorghaghtani Beki, an influential Keraite princess and a niece of Toghrul in 1217. Not much is known of Hulegu's childhood except of an anecdote given in Jami' al-Tawarikh and he once met his grandfather Genghis Khan with Kublai in 1224. Military campaigns Hulegu's brother Möngke Khan had b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shahnshah Zakarian
Shahnshah Zakarian ( ka, შანშე მხარგრძელი; ) was a member of the Armenian Zakarid dynasty, and a Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the office of ''amirspasalar'' (Commander-in-Chief) of the Georgian army. He was the son of Zakare II Zakarian, and the father of Zakare III Zakarian, who participated to the Siege of Baghdad in 1258. Biography He was born in 1197, he was the son of Zakare II Zakarian. He was 5 years old when his father died and was raised by his uncle Atabeg Ivane I Zakarian, Ivane, who converted him to the Chalcedonian Christianity, Chalcedonian faith. His baptismal name was Sargis, then Ani, Ani's title Shahnshah (Shahanshah) became his name (both Ani and this title were inherited from his father). Shahnshah Zakarian, while Governor of Ani, was active in the construction of monasteries and church. The Church of Saint Elia, Kizkale in Ani, was dedicated in his name 1212-1213. The church of St Gregory of Tigran Honents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
