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Prasinodermophyta Genera
The marine Prasinodermophyta are a proposed basal Viridiplantae clade, as sister of another clade comprising the Chlorophyta and the Streptophyta. It consists of the Prasinodermophyceae and the Palmophyllophyceae, and is informally called prasinodermophytes. They were previously considered to be a basal Chlorophyta clade, or part of the "prasinophyte The prasinophytes are a group of unicellular green algae. Prasinophytes mainly include marine planktonic species, as well as some freshwater representatives.Sym, S. D. and Pienaar, R. N. 1993. The class Prasinophyceae. In Round, F. E. and Chapman ...s". References Green algae phyla {{green alga-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prasinoderma
''Prasinoderma'' is a genus of green algae in the phylum Prasinodermophyta. Both species in the genus are unicellular A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of a single cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of multiple cells. Organisms fall into two general categories: prokaryotic organisms and ..., but ''P. coloniale'' forms loose sticky colonies. Classification The genus contains two species: * '' Prasinoderma coloniale'' Hasegawa & Chihara 1996 * '' Prasinoderma singularis'' Jouenne 2011 References Prasinodermophyta genera Palmophyllophyceae {{green algae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorokybophyceae
''Chlorokybus'' is a multicellular (sarcinoid) genus of basal green algae or charophyte. It has been classified as the sole member of the family Chlorokybaceae, which is the sole member of the order Chlorokybales, in turn the sole member of the class Chlorokybophyceae. It grows on soil and rock surfaces, and is rare. Description ''Chlorokybus'' is a microalga forming sarcinoid, cubical packets of two to eight cells. Each cell contains a single chloroplast which contains a central pyrenoid surrounded by grains of starch, as well as another pyrenoid (called the pseudopyrenoid) near the edge of the chloroplast which lacks starch grains. Mature packets produce a layer of mucilage surrounding the cells. ''Chlorokybus'' reproduces asexually by forming autospores. The autospores can also differentiate into zoospores, which have two flagella A flagellum (; : flagella) (Latin for 'whip' or 'scourge') is a hair-like appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Algae
The green algae (: green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/ Streptophyta. The land plants ( Embryophytes) have emerged deep within the charophytes as a sister of the Zygnematophyceae. Since the realization that the Embryophytes emerged within the green algae, some authors are starting to include them. The completed clade that includes both green algae and embryophytes is monophyletic and is referred to as the clade Viridiplantae and as the kingdom Plantae. The green algae include unicellular and colonial flagellates, most with two flagella per cell, as well as various colonial, coccoid (spherical), and filamentous forms, and macroscopic, multicellular seaweeds. There are about 22,000 species of green algae, many of which live most of their lives as single cells, while other species form coenobia (colonies), long filaments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embryophyte
The embryophytes () are a clade of plants, also known as Embryophyta (Plantae ''sensu strictissimo'') () or land plants. They are the most familiar group of photoautotrophs that make up the vegetation on Earth's dry lands and wetlands. Embryophytes have a common ancestor with green algae, having emerged within the Phragmoplastophyta clade of freshwater charophyte green algae as a sister taxon of Charophyceae, Coleochaetophyceae and Zygnematophyceae. Embryophytes consist of the bryophytes and the polysporangiophytes. Living embryophytes include hornworts, liverworts, mosses, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms (flowering plants). Embryophytes have diplobiontic life cycles. The embryophytes are informally called "land plants" because they thrive primarily in terrestrial habitats (despite some members having evolved secondarily to live once again in semiaquatic/ aquatic habitats), while the related green algae are primarily aquatic. Embryophytes are complex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zygnematophyceae
Zygnematophyceae (or Conjugatophyceae) is a class of green algae in the paraphylum streptophyte algae, also referred to as Charophyta, consisting of more than 4000 described species. The Zygnematophyceae are the sister clade of the Embryophyta (land plants). Common members of the Zygnematophyceae include the filamentous algae ''Spirogyra'' and '' Mougeotia'', as well as desmids, which are microscopic algae characterized by symmetrical and elaborately ornate cells. Morphology The body plan of Zygnematophyceae is simple, and the group appears to have gone through a secondary loss of morphological complexity. The most basal members are unicellular, but filamentous species have evolved at least five times, and a few species form colonies. Each cell contains a single nucleus. The chloroplasts of the Zygnematophyceae are large, typically axile but sometimes parietally located, and contain one or several pyrenoids. One or several chloroplasts may be present in a single cell. The shape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coleochaetophyceae
Coleochaetophyceae is a class of charophyte algae related to land plants (only Zygnematophyceae is closer). There are about 35 known species, and are predominantly found in freshwater where they live periphytic on the surface of aquatic plants, plastic bags and pebbles in the shallow littoral zone of freshwater lakes. These are small (<200 μm) disc-shaped or filamentous species, and have true multicellular organisation with sexual and asexual reproduction. The discs never develop beyond a two-dimensional organization. /ref> Their mitogenome is the most intron rich organelle among the streptophyte algae. They contain a single order, Coleochaetales, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charophyceae
Charophyceae is a class of charophyte green algae. AlgaeBase places it in division Charophyta. Extant (living) species are placed in a single order Charales, commonly known as "stoneworts" and "brittleworts". Fossil members of the class may be placed in separate orders, e.g. Sycidiales and Trochiliscales. Charophyceae is basal in the Phragmoplastophyta clade which contains the embryophytes (land plants).Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D. G. & Jahns, H. M. 1995''Algae: An Introduction to Phycology'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. McCourt, R. M., Chapman, R. L., Buchheim, M. & Mishler, B. D“Green Plants” Accessed 13 December 2007 In 2018, the first nuclear genome sequence from a species belonging to the Charophyceae was published: that of '' Chara braunii''. Description The thallus is erect with regular nodes and internodes. At each node there is a whorl of branches. The whole plant is calcified and ''Equisetum ''Equisetum'' (; horsetail) is the only living genus in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phragmoplastophyta
The Phragmoplastophyta (Lecointre & Guyader 2006) are a proposed sister clade of the Klebsormidiaceae in the Streptophyte/Charophyte clade. The Phragmoplastophyta consist of the Charophyceae and another unnamed clade which contains the Coleochaetophyceae, Zygnematophyceae, Mesotaeniaceae, and Embryophytes (land plants). It is an important step in the emergence of land plants within the green algae. It is equivalent to the ZCC clade/grade, cladistically granting the Embryophyta. The mitosis of Phragmoplastophyta takes place via a phragmoplast. Another synapomorphy In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel Phenotypic trait, character or character state that has evolution, evolved from its ancestral form (or Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy, plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy sh ... of this clade is the synthesis of cellulose microfibrils by a complex of octameric cellulose synthetases. This complex crosses the plasma membrane and polymerizes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klebsormidiophyceae
Klebsormidiales is an order of charophyte algae. Until Bierenbroodspot et al.'s phylogeny, it was the only order in the class Klebsormidiophyceae, sister of the Phragmoplastophyta. , AlgaeBase AlgaeBase is a global species database of information on all groups of algae, both seaweed, marine and freshwater algae, freshwater, as well as sea-grass. History AlgaeBase began in March 1996, founded by Michael D. Guiry, Michael Guiry. Text ... accepted two families in the order: * Elakatotrichaceae Hindák * Klebsormidiaceae K.D.Stewart & K.R.Mattox In 2024, Bierenbroodspot et al. emended Klebsormidiophyceae and Klebsormidiales, and described 2 new orders, namely Entransiales and Hormidiellales. References Charophyta orders Charophyta {{Green alga-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirotaenia
''Spirotaenia'' is a genus of basal unicellular green algae that may be sister to the Chlorokybophyceae. It was previously considered to be part of the Zygnemataceae. It is sexually Isogamy#Conjugation, conjugating, a mode of reproduction that was previously only known in the Zygnemataceae/Mesotaeniaceae, the sister groups to the land plants. This is surprising, as ''Spirotaenia'' is much more basal. The conjugating process is substantially aberrant. ''Spirotaenia'' may actually be more than one distinct lineage which may not be closely related. Phylogeny References Charophyta {{green alga-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Light Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view subjects too small to be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye). There are three well-known branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning probe microscopy, along with the emerging field of X-ray microscopy. Optical microscopy and electron microscopy involve the diffraction, reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in order to create an image. This process may be carried out by wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or by scanning a fine beam over the sample (for example confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Scanning probe microscopy involves the interaction of a scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest. The de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
