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Poznańskie Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego
Poznańskie Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego (abbreviated ZNTK Poznań, English: Poznań Rail Rolling Stock Repair Workshops) is a company in Poznań engaged in the production, modernization, and repair of railway vehicles and their components, as well as providing other services in the railway industry. Its origins date back to 1870, when the first of three railway workshops was established, which were merged into a single facility in the late 1880s and early 1890s. During the Polish People's Republic, it operated as a state-owned enterprise, the Rail Rolling Stock Repair Workshops in Poznań. In 1995, it was transformed into a joint-stock company, and in 2005, it was acquired by the Sigma company. Since 2018, it has been in bankruptcy. History Origins and early operations (1870–1920) The history of the workshops dates back to 1870. In that year, the Marchian-Poznań Railway Company established the first railway workshops. In 1872 and 1873, the Upper Silesian Railway C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poznań
Poznań ( ) is a city on the Warta, River Warta in west Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business center and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John's Fair, Poznań, Saint John's Fair (''Jarmark Świętojański''), traditional St. Martin's croissant, Saint Martin's croissants and a local dialect. Among its most important heritage sites are the Renaissance in Poland, Renaissance Old Town, Poznań Town Hall, Town Hall and Poznań Cathedral. Poznań is the fifth-largest List of cities and towns in Poland#Cities, city in Poland. As of 2023, the city's population is 540,146, while the Poznań metropolitan area (''Metropolia Poznań'') comprising Poznań County and several other communities is inhabited by over 1.029 million people. It is one of four historical capitals of medieval Poland and the ancient capital of the Greater Poland region, currently the administrative capital of the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Polish Army (1944–45)
The Polish Second Army (, 2. AWP for short) was a Polish Army unit formed in the Soviet Union in 1944 as part of the People's Army of Poland. The organization began in August under the command of generals Karol Świerczewski and Stanislav Poplavsky, and the formation under command of general Świerczewski entered active duty in January 1945. The Second Army suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Bautzen during April 22–26, 1945. Subsequently, the Second Army was part of the final great Soviet offensive of World War II in Europe, the drive on Prague. In August 1945 most of the formation was used to create the Poznań Military District. Operational history Formation (8 August – 31 December 1944) In 1944, with the Soviet advance now enveloping increasing number of territories of the Second Polish Republic, occupied by Nazi Germany for the past several years, the Soviet high command saw the opportunity to recruit more Poles into the Soviet-controlled People's Army of Poland. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DR Class 130 Family
The DR 130 family of locomotives comprises the DR Class 130 (''DBAG Class 230''), DR Class 131 (''DBAG Class 231''), DR Class 132 (''DBAG Class 232'' as well as Classes ''233'', ''234'' and ''241'' produced through modifications) and DR Class 142 (''DBAG Class 242''), in USSR locomotive called TE109 (DBAG 230/1/2) and TE129 (DBAG 242). They were produced in the Soviet Union in Luhansk, Ukraine, from the 1970s onwards, and were imported into the GDR. After the reunification of Germany the Deutsche Bahn (DBAG) inherited them and continue to make use of them mainly as heavy freight locomotives. Nicknamed ''Ludmilla'', over 700 units were produced between 1970 and 1982. Two of these machines are classed as works vehicles with the designation Class 754. History During the 1960s the East German government decided to focus on diesel traction. Due to Comecon guidelines the GDR had to stop their production of diesel-hydraulic locomotives with more than 2000 HP. Instead GDR import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKP Class SP32
SP32 is a Romanian series of diesel passenger locomotives used by PKP. History The start of the 1980s was the demise of Polish steam locomotives era. New diesel locomotives were needed for pulling passenger trains. Locomotives that were able to heat carriages with electrical systems were most in demand. Due to an economic crisis within Poland, it was impossible to start local production, so PKP decided to buy 200 locomotives produced in FAUR (former 23 August Works) from Bucharest, Romania. This company had previously produced Lxd2 and MBxd2 narrow gauge locomotives for PKP. First two locomotives began to work for PKP in 1985 and received the SP49 designation. Different series numbers were given as those locomotives were supposed to work in multiple steering. As other engines lacked that device, all locomotives were renamed to SP32-001 and 002. Units were appointed to the Jasło, Nysa, Siedlce, and Zamość depots. The very first month of service revealed a series of failures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
M62 Locomotive
The M62 is a Soviet-built diesel locomotive for heavy freight trains, exported to many Eastern Bloc countries as well as to Cuba, North Korea and Mongolia. Besides the single locomotive M62 also twin versions 2M62 and three-section versions 3M62 have been built. A total number of 7,164 single sections have been produced, which have been used to build 5,231 single-, twin- and three-section locomotives. History According to the Comecon directives production of heavy diesel locomotives among Eastern Bloc countries was left exclusively to Romania and the Soviet Union. The M62 was developed by the Vorohsilovgrad Locomotive Factory (today: Luhansk Locomotive Factory) on order of Hungary. The M62 designation originates from the Hungarian order, as the Hungarian railways previously ordered Swedish locomotives called M61 in Hungary. The Soviets disliked this and forced Hungary to buy Soviet locomotives, but the USSR did not have suitable diesel locomotives at the time, spurring the developm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKP Class ST43
ST43 is the name for a Romanian diesel locomotive, produced by Electroputere, exported to and operating in Poland. It was made for the purpose of heavy transport. History In the early 1960s a need appeared in Poland for urgent introduction of locos able to haul heavy freight. This was caused mainly by the intensification of transport on south–north line, especially from the Silesian coal mines to Szczecin and Świnoujście harbours. Lack of experience in building diesel locos for that purpose was the reason why the first ones had to be bought from Romania. Introduction In March 1965 first 30 items of 060DA locomotives (factory number of ST43) were introduced into Poznań and Szczecin, according to agreement with Romanian producer. Good results of tests allowed next deliveries to be brought to Poland. Until 1978 a total number of 422 locomotives were operating in Poland. Production Present days In the 1990s, the ST43 appeared to be no longer necessary as most of the tracks se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKP Class SM42
SM42 is the PKP class for a Polish shunter diesel locomotive for shunting and light freight traffic, built by Fablok in Chrzanów (manufacturer's designation is Ls800E, designer's designation 6D). History The SM42 was the first Polish-designed heavier diesel-electric locomotive and was the most numerous one in its country of origin. Introduction The technical documentation for this locomotive was developed in 1958-1962 by the state Central Construction Bureau of Railway Stock Industry (CBKPTK) in Poznań, as type 6D. The production was given over to the Fablok Locomotive Factory in Chrzanów, where it was designated Ls800E (meaning an 800 HP diesel locomotive with electric transmission). The prototype was ready in December 1963. It was lent to the Polish State Railways (PKP), as the SM42-001, the class designation 'SM' meaning a diesel shunter locomotive, and was tested in Warsaw in 1964. Two improved locomotives were built for the PKP in 1964, and twenty in 1965. In 1967, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bailiff
A bailiff is a manager, overseer or custodian – a legal officer to whom some degree of authority or jurisdiction is given. There are different kinds, and their offices and scope of duties vary. Another official sometimes referred to as a ''bailiff'' was the '' Vogt''. In the Holy Roman Empire a similar function was performed by the '' Amtmann''. They are mostly known for being the officer that keeps the order in a court of law and who also administers oaths to people who participate in court proceedings. Britain and Ireland Historic bailiffs ''Bailiff'' was the term used by the Normans for what the Saxons had called a '' reeve'': the officer responsible for executing the decisions of a court. The duty of the bailiff would thus include serving summonses and orders, and executing all warrants issued out of the corresponding court. The district within which the bailiff operated was called his '' bailiwick'', and is even to the present day. Bailiffs were outsiders and free me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tbilisi
Tbilisi ( ; ka, თბილისი, ), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis ( ), ( ka, ტფილისი, tr ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia, located on the banks of the Kura (Caspian Sea), Kura River. With around 1.2 million inhabitants, it contains almost one third of the country's population. Tbilisi was founded in the fifth century Anno Domini, AD by Vakhtang I of Iberia and has since served as the capital of various Georgian kingdoms and republics. Between 1801 and 1917, then part of the Russian Empire, it was the seat of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasus Viceroyalty, governing both the North Caucasus, northern and the South Caucasus, southern sides of the Caucasus. Because of its location at the crossroads between Europe and Asia, and its proximity to the lucrative Silk Road, throughout history, Tbilisi has been a point of contention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKP Class ET42
The Soviet-made ET42 (also manufactured as NEWZ 112E) is PKP's (Polish National Railways) most powerful standard gauge electric freight locomotive. Due to its provenance, it is often referred to by its nickname of ''Rusek'' (Polish derogatory word for a native of Russia) or ''Czapajew'' ( Chapayev) (Russian: Чапаев). Description The locomotive's construction is based on that of the Soviet VL10 and VL11 (Russian: ВЛ10 & ВЛ11, respectively) and is characterised by its straightforward design as well as ease of use and reliability. The ET42 was designed to be a dual section locomotive from the outset, as opposed to the remaining dual section locomotives operated by PKP, such as the ET41 or ET40. For this reason a "single version" of the ET42 doesn't exist; nor is it possible to modify one of the sections to run as an independent unit. Since there aren't any empty spaces left by surplus cabs, the locomotive is much shorter than other dual section locomotives built from si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubin
Lubin (; ) is a city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is the administrative seat of Lubin County, and also of the rural district called Gmina Lubin, although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town forms a separate urban gmina. As of 2021, the city had a total population of 70,815. Lubin was a small town with medieval origins, being a castellan seat in the 12th century. Over the centuries it prospered as a center of cloth and linen making. It owed its recent great growth to the discovery of the largest copper ore deposits in Europe in 1957. The city is one of the major industrial locations in Lower Silesia, with the headquarters of the third-largest Polish corporation, the KGHM Polska Miedź mining company, one of the world's leading copper and silver producers. It is one of four cities in the Copper Belt (along with Legnica, Głogów and Polkowice). It is located on the Expressway S3 (Poland), main highway connecting the port city of S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
